Perbandingan Konstitusi: Party System | Muchamad Ali Safa'at

PARTY SYSTEMS

PARTY SYSTEMS



_{Two Party}  Single Party Majority Gov.

Two Party System



_{Clear choice between two alternative}



Moderating influence

Multi Party



Represent all society

The effective number of

parties



_{Measured in terms of parliamentary seats}



Relevant rules for counting:

_{Coalition potential} _{Blackmail potential}

Calculated Political Parties Number (Markku Laakso dan Rein Taagepera )

N=1/∑s

i2

The Issue Dimension

_{Socioeconomic: Leftish – Rightist (Gov. budget,}

equalization, unemployment, education, health, social welfare).

_{Religious: Religious – Secular}

_{Cultural – Ethnic: Ethnic cleavages}

_{Urban – Rural: Agrarian – Industrial}

_{Regime Support}

_{Foreign Policy}