COMPETENCY #3:
CONDUCTING NEEDS ANALYSIS
Indicator 1: Explain the concepts of NA
Indicator 2: Elaborate the meaning of needs
Indicator 3: Explain the relationship among needs (necessities, lacks, and wants
Indicator 4: Explain the procedures of doing NA
DEFINITIONS OF NEEDS ANALYSIS
A set of procedures for specifying the parameters of a course
The parameters include:
The criteria and rationale for grouping learners.
The selection and sequencing course
DEFINITION 2
NA as a systematic and on-going process of gathering information about learners’ needs and preferences, interpreting the
PURPOSE OF NEEDS ANALYSIS
Provide a means of obtaining wider input of content, design, and implementation of a language program.
Can be used in developing objectives and content.
THE MEANING OF NEEDS
a. Necessities
The demands of the target situation i.e. what the learner has to know in order to function effectively in the target situation.
b. Lacks
What has the learner already known?
Which of the necessities do the learners lack?
c. Wants
What would learners like to gain from the language course (personal aims/needs)?
An E
SP …
(cont.)Accommodating one’s
needs
and
interests
will make the
teaching
meaningful,
Designing ELT = Planning Travelling
The design of language teaching starts from finding the
destination (where the language will be used) before the
designing of teaching and learning strategies . The materials of the course will depend on learners’ lacks (starting point).
Starting Point/
Needs Analysis
(Dudley-Evans & St. Jones (1998))NA
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6
7
Notes
1. Personal information about learners
2. Language information about target situation
3. Learner’s lack
4. Learners’ need from course wants 5. Language learning needs
6. How to communicate in the target situation
7. Professional information about learners
Interpretation of Needs
1. Personal Information about learners:
learning experience, culture, reason for taking courses, expectation, attitude, etc. (wants, means, subjective needs)
Interpretation… cont.
. Learners’ lack:
the gap between learners’ present ability and
target needs.
. Learners’ wants:
what the learners expect from the course personally
5. Language learning information:
effective ways of improving learners’ language
Interpretation… cont.
6. Professional communication information:
how language and skills are used in the target situation (linguistic analysis, discourse
analysis, genre analysis)
7. Professional information about the learners: tasks and activities learners will be using
Interpretation… cont.
The Main Objectives of Doing NA
To analyze target situation needs (TSA)
What does the expert communicator need to know in order to function effectively in the target (real)
situation?
To analyze present situation needs (PSA)
What has the learner already known?; What is the gap between present ability and necessities?
To analyze learning situation needs (LSA)
Suggested Steps in Doing NA
1. Identification of Target Group
2. Identification of Duties of Professional Workers
3. Assessment of Communicative Needs
4. Translation of Needs into Competencies
5. Translation of Competencies in Linguistics and other Specification
Developing a Syllabus from NA
Establishing Learning Outcomes
Translating LO into Learning Objectives
Translating L. Ob. Into Achievement Indicators
Determining learning materials
Selecting teaching methods
Basic Components of a Syllabus
Where to go?
How to go there?
