Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics - Additional (0606)

SYLLABUS

Cambridge IGCSE

®

Additional Mathematics

0606

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® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations

© Cambridge International Examinations 2015

Changes to syllabus for 2017, 2018 and 2019

This syllabus has been updated. Signii cant changes to the syllabus are indicated by black vertical lines either side of the text.

Contents

1. Introduction

... 2

1.1 Why choose Cambridge?

1.2 Why choose Cambridge IGCSE?

1.3 Why choose Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics? 1.4 Cambridge ICE (International Certii cate of Education) 1.5 How can I i nd out more?

2. Teacher

support

... 5

2.1 Support materials

2.2 Endorsed resources 2.3 Training

3. Assessment at a glance ... 6

4. Syllabus aims and assessment objectives ... 7

4.1 Syllabus aims

4.2 Assessment objectives

5. Syllabus

content

... 8

6. Mathematical

notation

... 12

Introduction

1. Introduction

1.1 Why choose Cambridge?

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge. We prepare school students for life, helping them develop an informed curiosity and a lasting passion for learning. Our international qualii cations are recognised by the world’s best universities and employers, giving students a wide range of options in their education and career. As a not-for-proi t organisation, we devote our resources to delivering high-quality educational programmes that can unlock learners’ potential.

Our programmes set the global standard for international education. They are created by subject experts, are rooted in academic rigour, and provide a strong platform for progression. Over 10 000 schools in 160 countries work with us to prepare nearly a million learners for their future with an international education from Cambridge.

Cambridge learners

Cambridge programmes and qualii cations develop not only subject knowledge but also skills. We encourage Cambridge learners to be:

• coni dent in working with information and ideas – their own and those of others • responsible for themselves, responsive to and respectful of others

• rel ective as learners, developing their ability to learn • innovative and equipped for new and future challenges • engaged intellectually and socially, ready to make a difference.

Recognition

Cambridge IGCSE is recognised by leading universities and employers worldwide, and is an international passport to progression and success. It provides a solid foundation for moving on to higher level studies. Learn more at www.cie.org.uk/recognition

Support for teachers

A wide range of materials and resources is available to support teachers and learners in Cambridge schools. Resources suit a variety of teaching methods in different international contexts. Through subject discussion forums and training, teachers can access the expert advice they need for teaching our qualii cations. More details can be found in Section 2 of this syllabus and at www.cie.org.uk/teachers

Support for exams ofi cers

Exams ofi cers can trust in reliable, efi cient administration of exams entries and excellent personal support from our customer services. Learn more at www.cie.org.uk/examsofi cers

Introduction

1.2 Why choose Cambridge IGCSE?

Cambridge IGCSEs are international in outlook, but retain a local relevance. The syllabuses provide

opportunities for contextualised learning and the content has been created to suit a wide variety of schools, avoid cultural bias and develop essential lifelong skills, including creative thinking and problem-solving.

Our aim is to balance knowledge, understanding and skills in our programmes and qualii cations to enable students to become effective learners and to provide a solid foundation for their continuing educational journey.

Through our professional development courses and our support materials for Cambridge IGCSEs, we provide the tools to enable teachers to prepare learners to the best of their ability and work with us in the pursuit of excellence in education.

Cambridge IGCSEsare considered to be an excellent preparation for Cambridge International AS and A Levels, the Cambridge AICE (Advanced International Certii cate of Education) Group Award, Cambridge Pre-U, and other education programmes, such as the US Advanced Placement program and the International Baccalaureate Diploma programme. Learn more about Cambridge IGCSEs at

www.cie.org.uk/cambridgesecondary2

Guided learning hours

Cambridge IGCSE syllabuses are designed on the assumption that learners have about 130 guided learning hours per subject over the duration of the course, but this is for guidance only. The number of hours required to gain the qualii cation may vary according to local curricular practice and the learners’ prior experience of the subject.

1.3 Why choose Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics?

Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics is accepted by universities and employers as proof of essential mathematical knowledge and ability.

The Additional Mathematics syllabus is intended for high ability candidates who have achieved, or are likely to achieve, Grade A*, A or B in the Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics examination.

Successful Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics candidates gain lifelong skills, including: • the further development of mathematical concepts and principles

• the extension of mathematical skills and their use in more advanced techniques • an ability to solve problems, present solutions logically and interpret results • a solid foundation for further study.

Prior learning

We recommend that candidates who are beginning this course should be currently studying or have previously studied Cambridge IGCSE or Cambridge O Level Mathematics.

Progression

Introduction

Candidates who are awarded grades C to A* in Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics are well prepared to follow courses leading to Cambridge International AS and A Level Mathematics, or the equivalent.

1.4 Cambridge ICE (International Certii cate of Education)

Cambridge ICE is a group award for Cambridge IGCSE. It gives schools the opportunity to benei t from offering a broad and balanced curriculum by recognising the achievements of learners who pass examinations in a number of different subjects.

Learn more about Cambridge ICE at www.cie.org.uk/cambridgesecondary2

1.5 How can I i nd out more?

If you are already a Cambridge school

You can make entries for this qualii cation through your usual channels. If you have any questions, please contact us at info@cie.org.uk

If you are not yet a Cambridge school

Learn about the benei ts of becoming a Cambridge school at www.cie.org.uk/startcambridge. Email us at

Teacher support

2. Teacher

support

2.1 Support

materials

We send Cambridge syllabuses, past question papers and examiner reports to cover the last examination series to all Cambridge schools.

You can also go to our public website at www.cie.org.uk/igcse to download current and future syllabuses together with specimen papers or past question papers and examiner reports from one series.

For teachers at registered Cambridge schools a range of additional support materials for specii c syllabuses is available from Teacher Support, our secure online support for Cambridge teachers. Go to

http://teachers.cie.org.uk (username and password required).

2.2 Endorsed

resources

We work with publishers providing a range of resources for our syllabuses including print and digital materials. Resources endorsed by Cambridge go through a detailed quality assurance process to ensure they provide a high level of support for teachers and learners.

We have resource lists which can be i ltered to show all resources, or just those which are endorsed by Cambridge. The resource lists include further suggestions for resources to support teaching.

2.3 Training

Assessment at a glance

3.

Assessment at a glance

All candidates will take two written papers.

The syllabus content will be assessed by Paper 1 and Paper 2.

Paper Duration Marks

Paper 1

10–12 questions of various lengths No choice of question.

2 hours 80

Paper 2

10–12 questions of various lengths No choice of question.

2 hours 80

Grades A* to E will be available for candidates who achieve the required standards. Since there is no Core Curriculum for this syllabus, Grades F and G will not be available. Therefore, candidates who do not achieve the minimum mark for Grade E will be unclassii ed.

Calculators

The syllabus assumes that candidates will be in possession of an electronic calculator with scientii c functions for both papers.

Non-exact numerical answers will be required to be given correct to three signii cant i gures, or one decimal place in the case of angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specii ed in the question.

List of formulae

Relevant mathematical formulae will be provided on the inside covers of the question papers.

Availability

This syllabus is examined in the June and November examination series. This syllabus is also available for examination in March for India only.

This syllabus is available to private candidates.

Detailed timetables are available from www.cie.org.uk/examsofi cers

Centres in the UK that receive government funding are advised to consult the Cambridge website

www.cie.org.uk for the latest information before beginning to teach this syllabus.

Combining this with other syllabuses

Candidates can combine this syllabus in an examination series with any other Cambridge syllabus, except: • syllabuses with the same title at the same level

• 4037 Additional Mathematics

Syllabus aims and assessment objectives

4.

Syllabus aims and assessment objectives

4.1 Syllabus

aims

The aims of the syllabus listed below are not in order of priority.

The aims are to enable candidates to:

• consolidate and extend their elementary mathematical skills, and use these in the context of more advanced techniques

• further develop their knowledge of mathematical concepts and principles, and use this knowledge for problem solving

• appreciate the interconnectedness of mathematical knowledge

• acquire a suitable foundation in mathematics for further study in the subject or in mathematics related subjects

• devise mathematical arguments and use and present them precisely and logically • integrate information technology (IT) to enhance the mathematical experience

• develop the coni dence to apply their mathematical skills and knowledge in appropriate situations • develop creativity and perseverance in the approach to problem solving

• derive enjoyment and satisfaction from engaging in mathematical pursuits, and gain an appreciation of the beauty, power and usefulness of mathematics.

4.2 Assessment

objectives

The examination will test the ability of candidates to: • recall and use manipulative technique

• interpret and use mathematical data, symbols and terminology

• comprehend numerical, algebraic and spatial concepts and relationships • recognise the appropriate mathematical procedure for a given situation

• formulate problems into mathematical terms and select and apply appropriate techniques of solution.

Syllabus content

5. Syllabus

content

The Additional Mathematics syllabus is intended for high ability candidates who have achieved, or are likely to achieve Grade A*, A or B in the Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics examination. The curriculum objectives are therefore assessed at one level only (Extended). As for Extended level syllabuses in other subjects, Grades A* to E will be available.

The Curriculum objectives (Core and Supplement) for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics will be assumed as prerequisite knowledge.

Proofs of standard results will not be required unless specii cally mentioned below.

Candidates will be expected to be familiar with the scientii c notation for the expression of compound units, e.g. 5 m s–1 _{for 5 metres per second.}

Theme or topic Curriculum objectives

Candidates should be able to:

1. Set language and notation

• use set language and notation, and Venn diagrams to describe sets and represent relationships between sets as follows:

A = {x: x is a natural number} B = {(x, y): y = mx + c} C = {x: a < x < b}

D = {a, b, c, …}

• understand and use the following notation: Union of A and B A ∪ B Intersection of A and B A ∩ B Number of elements in set A n(A) “…is an element of…” ∈ “…is not an element of…” ∉ Complement of set A A’

The empty set ∅

Universal set

Syllabus content

Theme or topic Curriculum objectives

2. Functions • understand the terms: function, domain, range (image set), one-one function, inverse function and composition of functions • use the notation f(x) = sin x, f: x a _{lg x (x > 0), f}–1_{(x) and}

f2_{(x) [= f (f(x))]}

• understand the relationship between y = f(x) and y = f(x), where f(x) may be linear, quadratic or trigonometric

• explain in words why a given function is a function or why it does not have an inverse

• i nd the inverse of a one-one function and form composite functions

• use sketch graphs to show the relationship between a function and its inverse

3. Quadratic functions • i nd the maximum or minimum value of the quadratic function f : x a _ax2 _{+ bx + c by any method}

• use the maximum or minimum value of f(x) to sketch the graph or determine the range for a given domain

• know the conditions for f(x) = 0 to have:

(i) two real roots, (ii) two equal roots, (iii) no real roots and the related conditions for a given line to

(i) intersect a given curve, (ii) be a tangent to a given curve, (iii) not intersect a given curve

• solve quadratic equations for real roots and i nd the solution set for quadratic inequalities

4. Indices and surds • perform simple operations with indices and with surds, including rationalising the denominator

5. Factors of polynomials • know and use the remainder and factor theorems • i nd factors of polynomials

• solve cubic equations

6. Simultaneous equations • solve simultaneous equations in two unknowns with at least one linear equation

7. Logarithmic and exponential functions

• know simple properties and graphs of the logarithmic and exponential functions including lnx and ex _{(series expansions are}

not required) and graphs of kenx _{+ a and kln(ax + b) where n, k, a}

and b are integers

• know and use the laws of logarithms (including change of base of logarithms)

Syllabus content

Theme or topic Curriculum objectives

8. Straight line graphs • interpret the equation of a straight line graph in the form y = mx + c

• transform given relationships, including y = axn _{and y = Ab}x_{, to}

straight line form and hence determine unknown constants by calculating the gradient or intercept of the transformed graph • solve questions involving mid-point and length of a line • know and use the condition for two lines to be parallel or

perpendicular

9. Circular measure • solve problems involving the arc length and sector area of a circle, including knowledge and use of radian measure

10. Trigonometry • know the six trigonometric functions of angles of any magnitude (sine, cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant, cotangent)

• understand amplitude and periodicity and the relationship between graphs of e.g. sin x and sin 2x

• draw and use the graphs of y = a sin (bx) + c

y = a cos (bx) + c y = a tan (bx) + c

where a and b are positive integers and c is an integer • use the relationships

, ,

and solve simple trigonometric equations involving the six trigonometric functions and the above relationships (not including general solution of trigonometric equations)

• prove simple trigonometric identities

11. Permutations and combinations

• recognise and distinguish between a permutation case and a combination case

• know and use the notation n! (with 0! = 1), and the expressions for permutations and combinations of n items taken r at a time

• answer simple problems on arrangement and selection (cases with repetition of objects, or with objects arranged in a circle or involving both permutations and combinations, are excluded)

12. Binomial expansions • use the Binomial Theorem for expansion of (a + b)n _{for positive}

integral n

Syllabus content

Theme or topic Curriculum objectives 13. Vectors in 2 dimensions

• use vectors in any form, e.g. J_ba,AB,

• know and use position vectors and unit vectors

• i nd the magnitude of a vector; add and subtract vectors and multiply vectors by scalars

• compose and resolve velocities

• use relative velocity, including solving problems on interception (but not closest approach)

14. Matrices • display information in the form of a matrix of any order and interpret the data in a given matrix

• state the order of a given matrix

• solve problems involving the calculation of the sum and product (where appropriate) of two matrices and interpret the results • calculate the product of a scalar quantity and a matrix • use the algebra of 2 × 2 matrices (including the zero, O, and

identity, I, matrix)

• calculate the determinant and inverse, A–1_{, of a non-singular}

2 × 2 matrix and solve simultaneous linear equations

15. Differentiation and integration

• understand the idea of a derived function

• use the notations f’(x), f’’(x), _xy, ,

• use the derivatives of the standard functions

xn _{(for any rational n), sin x, cos x, tan x, e}x_{, lnx,}

together with constant multiples, sums and composite functions of these

• differentiate products and quotients of functions

• apply differentiation to gradients, tangents and normals, stationary points, connected rates of change, small increments and

approximations and practical maxima and minima problems • use the i rst and second derivative tests to discriminate between

maxima and minima

• understand integration as the reverse process of differentiation

• integrate sums of terms in powers of x, excluding 1_x

• integrate functions of the form (ax + b)n _{(excluding n = –1), e}ax+b_,

sin (ax + b), cos (ax + b)

• evaluate dei nite integrals and apply integration to the evaluation of plane areas

Mathematical notation

6. Mathematical

notation

The list which follows summarises the notation used in the Cambridge’s Mathematics examinations. Although primarily directed towards Advanced/HSC (Principal) level, the list also applies, where relevant, to examinations at Cambridge O Level/S.C.

Mathematical Notation

n _{the set of rational numbers}

n+ _{the set of positive rational numbers, {x}∈n_{: x}> _0}

n+_{0 the set of positive rational numbers and zero, {x}∈n_{: x}> _0}

o _{the set of real numbers}

o+ _{the set of positive real numbers {x}∈o_{: x}> _0}

o₀+ _{the set of positive real numbers and zero {x}∈o_{: x}ù _0}

on

the real n tuples

` _{the set of complex numbers}

Mathematical notation

2. Miscellaneous Symbols

= is equal to

≠ is not equal to

≡ is identical to or is congruent to

≈ is approximately equal to

Mathematical notation

5. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

e base of natural logarithms

ex_,

expx exponential function of x logax logarithm to the base a of x

lnx natural logarithm of x

Mathematical notation

6. Circular and Hyperbolic Functions and Relations

sin, cos, tan,

cosec, sec, cot the circular functions sin−1, cos−1, tan−1,

cosec−1, sec−1, cot−1 the inverse circular relations sinh, cosh, tanh,

cosech, sech, coth the hyperbolic functions sinh−1, cosh−1, tanh−1,

cosech−1, sech−1, coth−1 the inverse hyperbolic relations

7. Complex Numbers

i square root of –1

z a complex number, z=x+ iy

=r (cosθ + i sinθ ), r∈o=₀+

=reiθ, r∈o₀+

Rez the real part of z, Re (x+ iy) =x Imz the imaginary part of z, Im (x+ iy) =y

| z| the modulus of z, | x+ iy| =√(x2+

y2

), | r (cosθ + i sinθ ) | =r arg z the argument of z, arg(r (cosθ + i sinθ )) =θ, − π < θøπ

z* the complex conjugate of z, (x+ iy)* =x− iy

8. Matrices

M a matrix M

M−1 the inverse of the square matrix M MT the transpose of the matrix M

det M the determinant of the square matrix M

9. Vectors

a the vector a

AB→ the vector represented in magnitude and direction by the directed line segment AB

â a unit vector in the direction of the vector a

i, j, k unit vectors in the directions of the cartesian coordinate axes | a | the magnitude of a

|_AB→| the magnitude of AB→

Mathematical notation

10. Probability and Statistics

A, B, C,etc. events

the random variable X

E(X ) expectation of the random variable X

E[g(X )] expectation of g(X ) Var(X ) variance of the random variable X

G(t) the value of the probability generating function for a random variable which takes integer values

B(n, p) binomial distribution, parameters n and p Po(µ) Poisson distribution, meanµ

N(µ, σ 2) normal distribution, mean µ _{and variance} σ 2

µ population mean

σ 2 _{population variance}

σ population standard deviation

sample mean

s2 unbiased estimate of population variance from a sample,

s2 _n1₁ x x2

= − /^ − rh

φ probability density function of the standardised normal variable with distribution N (0, 1)

Φ corresponding cumulative distribution function

ρ linear product-moment correlation coefi cient for a population

r linear product-moment correlation coefi cient for a sample

Cov(X, Y ) covariance of X and Y

Other information

7. Other

information

Equality and inclusion

Cambridge International Examinations has taken great care in the preparation of this syllabus and

assessment materials to avoid bias of any kind. To comply with the UK Equality Act (2010), Cambridge has designed this qualii cation with the aim of avoiding direct and indirect discrimination.

The standard assessment arrangements may present unnecessary barriers for candidates with disabilities or learning difi culties. Arrangements can be put in place for these candidates to enable them to access the assessments and receive recognition of their attainment. Access arrangements will not be agreed if they give candidates an unfair advantage over others or if they compromise the standards being assessed.

Candidates who are unable to access the assessment of any component may be eligible to receive an award based on the parts of the assessment they have taken.

Information on access arrangements is found in the Cambridge Handbook which can be downloaded from the website www.cie.org.uk/examsofi cer

Language

This syllabus and the associated assessment materials are available in English only.

Grading and reporting

Cambridge IGCSE results are shown by one of the grades A*, A, B, C, D, E, F or G indicating the standard achieved, A* being the highest and G the lowest. ‘Ungraded’ indicates that the candidate’s performance fell short of the standard required for grade G. ‘Ungraded’ will be reported on the statement of results but not on the certii cate. The letters Q (result pending), X (no results) and Y (to be issued) may also appear on the statement of results but not on the certii cate.

Entry codes

Cambridge International Examinations

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® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations

© Cambridge International Examinations February 2015