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Contents
UNIT 1: INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES; POSSESIVE CASE; MODAL VERBS ... 3
UNIT 2: PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES ... 13
UNIT 3: PRESENT TENSES ... 24
UNIT 4: PAST TENSES... 34
UNIT 5: FUTURE TENSES ... 42
UNIT 6: SOME SPECIAL SENTENCES STRUCTURES RELATING TO THE TENSES. ... 51
UNIT 7: NOUNS AND ARTICLES ... 57
UNIT 8: ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS ... 65
UNIT 9: COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES ... 71
UNIT 10: PREPOSITIONS... 80
UNIT 11: ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE ... 89
UNIT 12: CONJUNCTIONS ... 98
UNIT 13: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ... 107
UNIT 14: SPECIAL STRUCTURES RELATING TO SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD ... 113
UNIT 15: PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSES AND RESULTS. ... 119
UNIT 16: PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION ... 126
UNIT 17: RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND RELATIVE ADVERBS ... 136
UNIT 18: GERUNDS – INFINITVE ... 145
UNIT 19: DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH. ... 154
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UNIT 1:
INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES; POSSESIVE CASE;
MODAL VERBS
I. Indefinite adjectives1. Some + N: usually used in affirmative sentences. 2. Any + N: used in negative and interrogative sentences. 3. A lot of + N: used in affirmative sentences.
4. Much + N (uncountable ) Many + N (plural)
Note: much and many are usually used in nagative and interrogative sentences.
5. A few + N (plural)
A little + N (uncountable)
Exercises:
Multiple choice:
1. We saw (many/ much) animals at the zoo.
2. How (many/ much) oranges did you put in the box?
3. There isn’t (many/ much) sugar in my coffee.
4. I don’t have (many/ much) friends.
5. The old man hasn’t got (many/ much) hair on his head.
6. I’ve packed (many/ much) bottles of water.
7. I didn’t get (many/ much) sleep last night.
8. How (many/ much) fruit do you eat in an average day? 9. There were (fewer/less) days below freezing last winter. 10.I drank (fewer/less) water than she did.
11.I have (fewer/less) than an hour to do this work. 12.People these days are buying (fewer/less) newspapers. 13.I have (fewer/less) time to do this work.
14.(fewer/less) than thirty children each year develop the disease. 15.I wear (fewer/less) makeup on weekdays.
16.He worked (fewer/less) hours than I did.
17.There’s not (some/any) point in calling.
18.(few/little) people understood what he said. 19.There is (no/any) use in trying to do this.
20.There’s (few/little) space here as it is.
21.There’s (anything/nothing) I can do about this.
4 23.There was (few/little) traffic on the road.
24.I think Coventry will win the match but (few/little) people agree with me. 25.Is there (some/any) milk left?
26.There is (some/any) juice in the bottle. 27.Would you like to have (some/any) coffee?
28.I don’t have (some/any) money left.
29.She has (some/any) money.
30.Do you know (some/any) of these singers?
31.I don’t know (some/any) of them.
32.I know (some/any) of them.
33.The child put (some/many) sand into the bucket. 34.I can lend you (some/many) money if you need it.
35.There aren’t (some/many) pears left. Only two.
36.We had (some/many) cake with the tea.
37.Don’t eat so (some/many) sweets or you’ll get fat.
38.I had (some/many) beer last night at the bar.
39.I don’t have (some/many) friends.
40.He brought (some/many) food with him 41.That may cost you (a little/ a lot) of money. 42.I added (a lot/ a little) sugar to the mix.
43.You’ll have to spend (a lot/ much) of cash on this car.
44.I can do it with (a little/ a few) help from my friends. 45.(A little/Many) change can really make a difference.
46.I don’t have (a lot/ a little) of free time today.
47.He left (a lot/ a little) of laundry for me to do.
II.
Possessive case
1. Nouns of object: use preposition ‘of’
- The legs of this table are very short. - I like the colour of the shirt.
2. Nouns of people:
*Nouns which don’t end with letter ‘s’: add ‘s
- This is my sister’s hat.
- My father’s car is over there.
*Nouns which end with ‘s’: add ‘
5 3. Possession of many people: if the object belongs to more than one person, possessive
case is set to the last person listed. - This is Mary and Peter’s dictionary.
4. Possession of each person: possesive case is set to each person. - These are Mary’s and Peter’s dictionaries.
5. Multi level possession
- He is my sister’s friend’s sister’s boy friend.
Exercises
3. The magazine has my picture on its cover.→ My picture is on ...
II. Are there any mistakes in these sentences? If there are, correct the mistakes.
1. She is the childrens teacher.
2. I like her sons blue eyes.
3. There are three computer's over there.
6 5. Don't give me any excuse's.
6. A number of us is concerned.
7. A lot of us disagrees.
8. What is the name of Clintons wife?
9. What do you think of it's price? Is it too expensive?
10.Its up to you.
11.It's no use asking me.
12.It's not happy, is it? It must be missing its mother.
13.Her mother's not very happy.
14.My mothers mother was born in Scotland.
15.I don't think it's likely.
16.It's too late to stop now. Tell Van.
17.The team has lost it's coach.
18.It's later than you think.
19.The United States are very powerful.
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III.
Modal verbs
Exercises:
I.Complete the sentences using the words listed in the box below. Some gaps may have more than one correct answer.
Can Could Have to Should Must Might
1. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He………..be exhausted after
such a long flight. He……….prefer to stay in tonight and get some rest.
2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you………..walk downtown and explore the waterfront.
3. Hiking the trail to the peak………be dangerous if you are not well prepared for
dramatic weather changes. You ………research the route a little more before
you attempt the ascent.
4. When you have a small child in the house, you ………….leave small objects lying
around. Such objects…………..be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.
5. Dave: ……….you hold your breath for more than a minute?
Nathan: No, I can't.
6. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ………….have cost a fortune.
7. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don't get enough water,
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8. I…………..speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Egypt. But after
we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost
everything I knew as a child. Now, I……….just say a few things in the language.
9. The book is optional. My professor said we…………read it if we needed extra credit.
But we ………read it if we don't want to.
10.Leo: Where is the spatula? It………be in this drawer but it's not here.
Nancy: I just did a load of dishes last night and they're still in the dish washer.
It………be in there. That's the only other place it…………..be.
11.You…………..take your umbrella along with you today. The weatherman on the news
said there's a storm north of here and it…………rain later on this afternoon.
12.…………we pull over at the next rest stop? I really ………….use the bathroom and I
don't know if I ………….hold it until we get to Chicago.
13.Oh no! Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He ………….have left it here last night.
14.Ned: ………….I borrow your lighter for a minute?
Stephen: Sure, no problem. Actually, you …………..keep it if you want to. I've given
up smoking.
15.I ……….believe she said that to Megan! She …………insult her cooking in front
of everyone at the party last night. She …………have just said she was full or had
some salad if she didn't like the meal.
16.Do you………chew with your mouth open like that? Geez, it's making me sick
watching you eat that piece of pizza.
17.Mrs. Scarlett's body was found in the lounge just moments ago, and it's still warm!
Nobody has left the mansion this evening, so the killer …………be someone in this room. It …………be any one of us!!!
18.Ted: I don't know why Denise starting crying when I mentioned the wedding.
Pamela: It ……….have been what you said about her brother. Or, perhaps she is just
nervous. After all, the big day is tomorrow.
19.………….you always say the first thing that pops into your head? …………you think
once in awhile before you speak?
20.I was reading the book last night before I went to bed. I never took it out of this room.
It ……….be lying around here somewhere. Where ………it be?
II.Read the following paragraph and answer the questions:
9 He also helped to spread learning by establishing a public library and by founding the American Philosophical Society, which is an important academy of great scholars this day.
Franklin initiated many improvements in the city of Philadelphia, making one of the world’s
first cities to have paved and lighted streets as well as a police force and a fire fighting company. He also made many practical inventions such as the Franklin stove, which was a very efficient heater, and the lighting rod to protect buildings in an electric storms. His scientific work with electricity earned Franklin world fame.
Franklin played an important role in the early history of the United States. He took part in drawing up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. He was the first ambassador to France. And he helped to negotiate the treaty of 1783, which ended the Revolutionary War. As an active member and as president of the Abolitionist Society, Franklin devoted the last years of his life to the movement to end slavery.
1. When Franklin arrived in Philadelphia in 1723, he was A. rich
B. well-off
C. neither rich nor poor
D. very poor
2. How did Franklin help to spread learning?
A. He was eager to for work and knowledge.
B. He became a printer and a publisher.
C. He contributed to his city and his country.
D. He established a public library and founded the American Philosophical Society.
3. What made Franklin famous all over the world? A. The Franklin stove
B. The lighting rod
C. The fire fighting company
D. His scientific work with electricity
4. Which of the following statement is not true?
A. Franklin alone drew up the Declaration of Independence.
B. Franklin was one of those eminent Americans who drew up the Declaration of Independence.
C. Franklin was the first American ambassador to France.
D. Franklin helped to negotiate the treaty of 1783.
10 A. The revolutionary war
B. His scientific work
C. His practical inventions
D. The abolitionist movement
HOMEWORK:
I. Rewrite the sentences using the modal verbs in brackets.
1. It’s possible that Jane will visit Switzerland next year. (could)
...
2. I’m thinking about taking Spanish lessons. (may)
...
3. I’m sure they’ll be home by now. (must)
...
4. James definitely isn’t eighteen yet! (can’t)
...
5. It’s possible the weather will be sunny tomorrow. (might)
...
6. I’m sure that Mrs Smith didn’t leave home. (can’t)
...
7. Perhaps she’s gone to stay with her mother. (might)
...
8. It’s possible that Mr Smith committed a crime. (may)
...
9. I’m certain that he buried something in the garden. (must)
... 10. Perhaps he won the lottery. (could)
...
11. I’m sure he bought a new car. (must)
... 12. Perhaps Mr Smith murdered his wife. (might)
... 13. I'm sure she's at home. (must)
... 14. I know that isn't Janet-She's in America. (can’t)
11 ... 16. I bet I look silly in this coat. (must)
... 17. They're always buying new cars. I'm certain they have a lot of money. (must) ...
18. I'm sure he's not a teacher. He's too well dressed. (can’t)
... 19. You're an architect? I'm sure that's an interesting job. (must)
... 20. I'm sure you're not serious. I know you're joking. (must)
... 21. I'm sure he's got another woman. He keeps coming home late. (must)
... 22. This water is possibly dangerous. (could)
... 23. Politics is sometimes really boring. (can)
...
II. Rewrite the sentences using a modal verb.
1. It isn’t necessary for you to take a jacket.
... 2. I advise you to see a dentist.
...
3. You aren’t allowed to talk during the exam.
...
4. It’s forbidden to park here.
... 5. I advise you to study harder.
... 6. He is obliged to go to the police station twice a week.
... 7. Tom knows how to speak Spanish.
... 8. He had permission to go to the party.
...
9. It isn’t possible that that is our plane.
...
12 ...
11. I wish I had paid for half of the meal, but I didn’t.
... 12. It was wrong of Mary to tell Steve about us.
...
13. Perhaps Anita didn’t get the text message.
...
14. It’s possible that they went to the cinema.
...
15. It wasn’t a good idea to ask the other couple to come with us.
...
16. I am certain you haven’t seen John because he is on a trip.
You ... 17. It is possible that Jake is in his room.
Jake ... 18. Perhaps we will not see them at the weekend.
We ...
19. I don’t know if I will go to the concert.
I ... 20. They are certain that bringing up children is not easy.
Bringing up children ... 21. It is unnecessary for you to come.
You ... 22. I advise him to give up smoking.
He ... 23. Eating chewing-gum in the class in prohibited.
Students ... 24. There was an obligation to turn off the mobile phone.
We ...
25. I didn’t have the ability to cook when I was younger.
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UNIT 2:
PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns are the most common type of pronoun. They are used when it is not
necessary to use or repeat more precise noun phrases. Unlike their name “personal”
pronouns, they can refer to things as well as people.
1 Form
2 Meaning: Reference to a noun or a noun phrase within a text Susan works for a law firm. She likes her job.
I visit my parents once a week. They live in a small city.
3 Use
(1) Subject pronouns
Mr. Hwang left for Busan this morning. He took the KTX. (subject)
cf.Preparatory “It”
It is not easy to learn a second language. (= Learning a second language is not easy
for anyone.)
14 It is easy for young children to learn a language. (= Learning a language is easy for young
children.)
(2) Possessive adjectives & possessive pronouns – to show ownership
That’s my folder. (= I own that folder.)
This is your computer, and that’s hers. (= her computer)
(3) Object pronouns
The manager offered a job. John took it. (object)
That’s her. She’s wearing glasses. (complement)
(4)Reflective pronouns
Used when the object is the same as the subject
He saw himself in the mirror.
Used to emphasize the subject or object
He visited the office himself. (= He, not anyone else, visited the office.)
The visitor asked to see our CEO herself. (= The visitor asked to see our CEO, not
anyone else.)
As an idiomatic expression
She wrote the report by herself. (= alone)
She was totally besides herself last night. (= out of her sense)
Betweenourselves, I’ll tell you the secret. (= beween you and me)
Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to things. But when they are used as
adjectives, they can refer to either people or things.
1 Form
Singular this That
Plural these Those
2 Meaning
15 (1) Near the speaker
Here’s the file. Put this in the file cabinet.
Look at my pants. I bought these at a discount.
(2) Distant from the speaker
There’s a folder on the desk. Bring that to me.
You take these bags, and I’ll take those.
1. Used as pronouns or adjectives
This report is well written, but that is not.
Please tell those people to wait for a while.
Your bags look heavy. Why don’t you put those down?
(1) That of / Those of to mean “the one(s)”
His own experience is different from his friends.
His own experience is different from that of his friends.
The products of E-Market are better than rival companies. (X)
The products of E-Market are better than those of rival companies.
Indefinite Pronouns
Idefinite pronouns refer to things in a general, vague way. They can also be used as
determiners.
1 Form
Indefinite pronouns, unlike personal pronouns, do not vary their form.
Important indefinite pronouns on the TOEIC
Pronouns Adjectives
the other books (are)
16 (1)Another– one more in addition to the one already mentioned
(2)Other / Others– several more in addition to the one(s) already mentioned
(3)The other / The others– the rest of a specific group
3 Use
(1)Frequent usage
I have three books. One is mine, another is Tom’s, and the other is yours.
I have three books. One is mine, and the others are Tom’s.
There are 50 students in my class. Some are from Mexico, and others are from Japan.
(2)Reciprocal pronouns – to show mutual relationships
Tome and Mary love each other.
The team members helped one another.
Exercises:
I. Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentences.
1. We all told the boss that we wanted to have ---- salaries paid in advance but he just ignored ----.
17 4. I hope you will enjoy ---- at the re-union party this weekend because I won't be able to be there ----.
5. We decided to do all the cooking ---- instead of hiring a catering company for the party. A. of our own
B. oneself C. by ourselves D. ours
E. each other
6. Thousands of children nowadays prefer doing ---- homework with a background of pop-music to doing ---- in a quiet room.
7. You and ---- brother need to take time to prepare ---- for the long journey which will start next month.
A. his/ yourself B. yours/ ourselves C. their/ you
D. your/ yourselves E. her/ by themselves
8. The kids watched each gesture of ---- as if their mother were a stranger. A. them
B. hers C. him D. her E. himself
18 D. No one/ its
E. Everyone/ their
II. Choose the correct pronouns.
1. They saw Steve and (me/ I) at the movies last night after class.
2. He is going to the party with you and (me/ I) if you don't mind.
3. You and (her/she) ought to return the books to the library because they are already overdue.
4. Prof. Molina left a message for you and (me/ I). He needs to see us.
5. Ron invited Mary and (me/ I) to have dinner with him.
6. Emily is a good basketball player. I watch Betty and (she/ her) carefully during games.
7. Tom and (me/ I) both want to go out with Ann.
8. She has to choose between (him and me/ he and I).
9. Nick ate dinner with the Robertsons and (we/us).
10. The new student has been assigned to work on the group research project with you and (me/ I).
11. He rang Mary and invited (her/she) to dinner.
III.Complete the following sentences with “each other” or a suitable reflexive pronoun (myself, yourself...).
1. They told ---- stories all night long.
2. I've always wanted to meet you but we've never had the chance to talk to ---- until now. 3. Let me introduce ----. My name is Alan.
4. She weighs ---- every morning. She is obsessed with her weight. 5. He should give ---- more time.
6. They were very good friends and often invited ---- over.
7. No one wants to study with me so I am going to have to study by ----. 8. They love ---- and they are going to get married.
9. How could you do something like that. You should be ashamed of ---- .
10. The two students started running around. I thought they were going to hurt ---- but fortunately nothing happened in the end.
11. The newly divorced couple tried to avoid seeing ---- at the party.
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IV.Complete the exercise with possessive pronouns. Mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.
Kevin: We want to go away for the weekend, but we have a problem.
Jim:What’s that?
Kevin: Well, we need a tent. We gave………to my uncle and he hasn’t
brought it back. Can you lend us………..?
Jim: Well, I don’t really want to give………..to anyone. Celina has got
one. Can’t you ask her for…………?
Kevin:No,………… is too small for two of us, and it is not nice like ……….
Jim: Well, Mike has got one, too. What’s wrong with………..?
Kevin:Oh! No! It’s terribly old, and it lets the rain in.
Jim:OK. How about the Browns’? ...is nice and big.
Kevin: Well, …………is too big for two people. Why don’t you let us have…………? You know it’s ideal for us.
Jim: OK. All right then. Be careful with it.
Kevin : Oh we will. I promise. Thank you very much Jim.
V. Fill in the blanks with indefinite pronouns: Someone, Anyone, No one, Everyone, Nothing, Anything, Nobody, Something.
1. There is ---- in the clothes basket. It is empty.
2. I've tried phoning but every time I tried there was ---- in. 3. I have prepared ---- for dinner which you will like very much. 4. Would you like ---- to start with before the main menu? 5. He sat at the table but didn't have ---- to eat.
6. You can do ---- . I don't really care.
7. I met ---- you know last night. She told me she had missed you very much. 8. That's a very easy job. ---- can do it.
9. Did you turn the oven off? I think I can smell ---- burning. 10. ---- offered help. They probably didn't have time.
11. ---- arrived in good time and the meeting started promptly at 3:30. 12. When the show finished there was complete silence. ---- clapped. 13. ---- likes being poor.
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VI.Put the following indefinite pronouns into the correct blanks.
Anywhere anyone (2) something Everyone nothing
somewhere someone (2) anything everything
1. Can't you hear that ---- is knocking on the door? 2. I was wondering if you would like ---- to drink.
3. The family members have been badly injured in the accident. Is there ---- to help them? 4. Carol has just checked the internet; however, she couldn't find the article ----.
5. Unfortunately, this plant is already dead and there is ---- we can do about it.
6. Stop feeling sorry for your relationship! You should simply accept ---- has a beginning and an end.
7. ---- must do ---- about the human rights in that country or it will be too late. 8. The boss is writing an important report. Therefore, he has to work ---- quiet. 9. There is an exam tomorrow. Needless to say, ---- has to study for it.
10. My boyfriend broke my heart by lying to me. I don't think I can trust ----.
VII. Choose the right word: other, the other, another, the others to complete the sentences.
1. I saw them on _____ side of the street. 2. I will tell you that _____ time.
3. I must change into ______ clothes.
4. Our team wanted to play but ______ team refused 5. No one has ever seen _____ side of the moon. 6. We must find _____ house to live in.
7. I want to see some _____ toys.
8. On the one hand he is right, on _____ hand he seems to be wrong. 9. I found some of my guests in the library but where were _____? 10. Give me _____ example.
VIII. Read the following paragraph and decide whether each statement is true or false.
21 possibly is influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the
pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners.
However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman
alphabet.
True False 1. The question how hard a language is to learn is relevant to both first
and second language acquisition.
2. Portuguese is definitely easier than Chinese.
3. Japanese use Chinese characters in their own language. 4. Chinese is similar to Spanish.
HOMEWORK
Rewrite these sentences. Replace the words underlined with suitable pronouns. Then translate all your answers into Vietnamese.
Example: The girl forgot to bring my book. She forgot to bring my book.
Cô ấy đã quên không mang theo cuốn sách của tôi.
1. My sister and I decided to visit my aunt this weekend.
... ... 2. My father told my brother not to make this mistake again.
... ... 3. Don't tell Lily and Sally that Paul and I have forgotten to bring the list.
... ... 4. Thomas and his friends are not going to buy the fish-tank. Thomas and his friends say
that the fish-tank is too expensive.
... ... ... ... 5. The old man bought the shirts from the salesgirl.
22 ... 6. Miss Johnson said that Edward and I should never do such a thing again.
... ... 7. Have Mark and Edwin gone home yet? Mark and Edwin were just telling my sister
that Mark and Edwin were tired.
... ... ... ... 8. Peter and Mary had bought the fishing line as a birthday present for John.
... ... 9. The salesman, Mr Lester was walking down the road when Mr Lester bumped into the
lamp post.
... ... ... ... 10.The cat was trying to catch the rats when the cat knocked the bottle of milk over.
... ... 11.Many of the people think that many of the people have lost their chance for a good life.
... ... 12.My brother and I told Shirley and her friends that Shirley and her friends must find
another place to do stay.
... ... ... ... 13.Mary, Peter and Paul say that their mother is not coming to the meeting because their
mother is not feeling well.
... ... ... ... 14.You and your friends are going to get into trouble if you and your friends persist in
23 ... ... ... ... 15.My friends and I did not enjoy the film at all. Did you and Janet like the film?
24
UNIT 3:
PRESENT TENSES
Form
Present simple write(s)
talk(s)
Present progressive
be V-ing
am/is/are writing
am/is/are talking
Present perfect
have V-ed (p.p.)
has/have written
has/have talking
Present perfect progressive
have been V-ing
has/have been writing
has/have been talking
Present simple – a general event or activity
He always arrives at work on time. (a repeated action)
He usually gets to work at 8:30 in the morning. (often used withalways, usually, every, often, rarely, barely, never, etc.)
Mr. Thomas lives in New York. (a general fact, a job or a custom) The sun rises in the east. (a timeless fact)
Our English course begins in November. (a fixed schedule, a time table)
We use the present tense instead of the future tense in adverb clauses of time or
condition.
When they will come, we will start the meeting. (X) (will come come)
By the time the project will be complete, another project will begin. (X) (will be
is)
25
If the taxi will arrive by 3 o’clock, we’ll be able to get to the airport on time. (X)
(will arrive arrives)
Present progressive – a temporary event or activity
John is eating lunch. (an activity in progress)
John is studying right now. (often used withnow, right now, at the moment,etc.) Ian is living with his parents. (a temporary situation)
We are having a business lunch tomorrow. (a fixed plan with determined object, time or date)(*) Be going to + V-infinitive:
What are you going to buy with this money?
I am going to leave.
(a plan with undetermined object, time and date)
Look out! The tree is going to fall down. (an action about to happen)
Look at those black clouds in the sky. It’s going to rain. (an action the speaker believe that it’s about to happen)
Present perfect – a past event or activity related to the present time
I have worked at Sony since 1998. (a long-term duration)I have taught English for almost ten years. (often used with for and since)
Ben has just come back from his business trip. (a finished action)We have already reviewed the final report. (often used with just, already,andyet)
The oil price has doubled in the last four years. (a lasting result)
Have you ever visited South America? (experience up to now)I have never met a person from Africa in my entire life. (often used withever, never,
andyet)
Present progressive
26
My friend has written 10 books. (The amount of work done)I have seen this film once/twice/several times.
Present perfect progressive – an extended or repeated event that began in the past
and continues to the present time
I have been studying English for five hours. (a relatively short-term duration)
cf. I have studied English for five years. (a relatively long-term duration)
We have been using this store since we moved to this neighborhood. (a repeated
action)
cf. It has been raining all day. (often used withfor, since, all morning, all day, all week,
etc.)
cf. We have used this store since we moved to this neighborhood. (on one or two occasions)
Present simple pratice
I. Put the verbs in the right form:
1. I (love) you.
2. This (weigh) 20 kilograms.
3. Ron (seem) serious.
4. You (need) to sleep.
5. They (agree) with me.
6. She (hear) something strange.
7. The box (contain) food.
8. Emma (appear) sad.
9. Lucas and Clara (not eat) meat.
10.It (not hurt).
11.We (not give up). Present perfect
27 12.He always (tell) us funny stories.
13.She never (help) me with that!
14.In this club people usually (dance) a lot. 15.Linda (take care) of her sister.
16.John rarely (leave) the country. 17.Lorie (travel) to Paris every Sunday. 18.I (bake) cookies twice a month. 19.You always (teach) me new things. 20.She (help) the kids of the neighborhood.
II. Fill in the blank:
1... Jack like eating hamburgers? => Yes, ... 2... you get up early on Sundays? => No, ...
3... the students always work hard for the exam? => No, ... 4... the train leave at noon every day? => Yes, ...
5... he often play the guitar? => No, ...
6... they take a taxi to school every morning? => Yes, ...
7... Anna and Daisy visit their old teachers on winter holidays? => No, ... 8... water boil at 100 degrees Celsius? => Yes, ...
Present continuous practice:
I. Put the verbs in the right form
1. Sit down! A strange dog (run) to you.
2. My mom often (buy) meat from the butcher’s.
3. My brothers (not/ drink) coffee at the moment. 4. Look! Those people (climb) the mountain so fast. 5. That girl (cry) loudly in the party now.
6. These students always (wear) warm clothes in summer. 7. What (you/ do) in the kitchen?
8. I never (eat) potatoes.
9. The 203 bus (set off) every fifteen minutes.
10. Tonight we (not/ go) to our teacher’s wedding party.
II. Complete the sentences, use the given words.
1. He/ often/ have/ breakfast/ late.
... 2. You/ do/ the housework/ at the moment?
28 3. I/ not/ go/ to school/ on weekends.
...
4. John’s girlfriend/ wear/ a red T-shirt/ now.
... 5. They/ like/ beer or wine?
... 6. What/ he/ usually/ do/ at night?
... 7. The teacher/ never/ lose/ his temper.
... 8. Why/ you/ listen/ to music/ loudly now?
...
Present perfect practice:
I. Put the verb in the correct form:
1. We (buy)...a new lamp.
2. We (not / plan)...our holiday yet.
3. He (write)...five letters.
4. She (not / see)...him for a long time.
5. School (not / start)...yet.
6. We ……… (miss) Liz a great deal this year.
7. We …………. (learn) many new words.
8. I ……..never……….. (meet) her.
9. Mr. Miller……… (be) in New York many times.
10.Modern Miami ……….. (develop) only since 1986.
11.………..you ever …………. (take) a trip by boat?
12.Yes, I ………… (travel) by boat many times.
13.I ………… (lose) my book.
14.………..you ………… (see) that movies?
15.Miami ………… (become) a popular winter resort.
16.He ………. just …….. (leave) for New York.
17.They ……… just …….. (finish) high school.
18.His brother …………just (graduate) f-rom University.
29
20.We ………. just ………. (receive) a post card from them.
II. Choose the appropriate word.
1. He watched television (for/since) three hours.
2. They have know each other (for/since) 5 months.
3. My family has owned this farm (for/since) 1990.
4. I have been waiting for her (for/since) hours!
5. I haven’t seen you (for/since) Christmas.
6. I haven’t eaten any meat (for/since) over a year.
III. Rewrite:
1. This is the first time he went abroad.
=>He hasn't...
2. She started driving 1 month ago.
=> She has...
3. We began eating when it started to rain.
=> We have...
4. I last had my hair cut when I left her.
=> I haven't...
5. The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.
=> She hasn't...
6. It is a long time since we last met.
=> We haven't...
7. When did you have it?
=> How long...?
8. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.
=> I haven't...
9. I haven't seen him for 8 days.
=> The last...
10. I haven't taken a bath since Monday.
=> It is...
Present perfect continuous practice:
30 1. We (wait) for her for 30 minutes.
2. She (go) out since 5 a.m.
3. They (not eat) anything all the morning.
4. The street is full of water because it (rain) for 3 hours.
5. She looks very exhausted because she (work) all night.
6. I (read) this book since last night.
7. She (chat) with her friend all the day.
8. He (talk) on the phone for hours.
9. She (cycle) for 2 hours and she is very tired now.
10.We (not write) to each other for 6 months.
Exercises:
I. Put the verbs in the right form:
1. It (not cost)……….. so much.
2. How long you (be)………there ?
3. I can’t go any further. I (sit)………..………on that bench for a while.
4. The game (start)…….………at two o’clock tomorrow. I hope you can be there.
5. The service here is very slow. I (complain)………to the manager if we are
not served soon.
6. He (bring)………… a huge gift to the party at 7pm tonight.
7. I have a right to be heard, and no-one (stop)….…………me from putting my side of the argument.
8. The two leaders (meet)………for talks later this afternoon.
9. The banks have announced that it (increase)…..………its interest rates by one
percent from tomorrow.
10.Are you (answer)………my questions or not?
11.Before I apply for the job, I (get)………more information about it.
12.Brazil (play)………Colombia in today’s final.
13.David (know)………….. how to fix a car.
14.This is the first time he (drive)………this car.
15.I (not see)………Lan since last month.
31
17.Jane (buy)……… this dress for 2 week, but she (not wear)……… it yet.
18.My cousin, Peter (have)...a dog. It (be)...an intelligent pet with a short tail and big black eyes. Its name (be)...Kiki and it (like)...eating pork. However, it (never/ bite)...anyone; sometimes it (bark)...when strange guests visit. To be honest, it (be)...very friendly. It (not/ like)...eating fruits, but it (often/ play)...with them. When the weather (become)...bad, it (just/ sleep)...in his cage all day. Peter (play)...with Kiki every day after school. There (be)...many people on the road, so Peter (not/ let)...the dog run into the road. He (often/ take)...Kiki to a large field to enjoy the peace there. Kiki (sometimes/ be)...naughty, but Peter loves it very much.
19.It (be)…….. Sunday evening and my friends and I (be) ... at Jane's birthday party.
Jane (wear) ... a beautiful long dress and (stand) ... next to her boyfriend. Some guests (drink) ... wine or beer in the corner of the room. Some of her relatives (dance) ... in the middle of the room. Most people (sit) ... on chairs, (enjoy) ... foods and (chat)... with one another. We often (go) ... to our friends' birthday parties. We always (dress) ... well and (travel) ... by taxi. Parties never (make) ... us bored because we like them.
II. Make the questions to ask about the underlined part.
1. You can go to a restaurant to eat breakfast, lunch, or dinner and even a snack. ... 2. Restaurants serve food to you and to other people who go and eat at them. ...
3. First, you look at a menu that lists all of the foods and drinks that you can order from the restaurant.
... 4. Then you tell the waiter or waitress what you want to eat and drink.
... 5. They take your order and bring you your food.
...
HOMEWORK
I. Complete the sentences, use the given words.
1. Jane/read/The Guardian' newspaper/ but/I/read/'The Independent'.
...
32 ...
3. You/ever/been to/London?- No/never.
...
4. Jill/ in hospital/. She/been/ there/since Monday.
...
5. Jeff/buy/his food/in small shops/ but/ Jane /do/ all her shopping/ at the supermarket.
...
6. Diana /like/Physics, Chemistry and Biology/ she always/get/ good marks/ her /science exams.
...
...
7. Susan /live/ in Leeds/ she /work/in Bradford.
...
8. I/going/attend/ the meeting/ tomorrow.
...
9. I/attend/ the meeting/ 7 am tomorrow/ Hanoi.
...
10.I /leave/ work/6 o'clock/ but /John /finish/ 5 o'clock.
...
11.Mary /ride/ her bike/ school/and/ her father /carry/ her books.
...
12.For breakfast Ann/eat/ cereal with milk/ and then/ she /have/some toast.
...
13.Modern trains/use/coal? ~ No, they/do. They/use/electricity
...
14.The Queen/often/wear/a crown? ~ No, she/do. She/usually/wear/a hat.
...
15.This/ first time/I/ever/ watch/romatic/movie.
...
16.Wine/come/from oranges? ~ No, it/do. It/come/from grapes.
...
33 ...
18.Potatoes/grow/on bushes? ~ No, they/do. They/grow/in the ground
...
19.The sun/rise/in the East
...
20.I/been/ thinking of you/ since/ last time/ met.
...
21.Ice/float/on water
...
22.Winter/come/after spring
...
23.Austrians/speak/German
...
24.Bill Brown/play tennis/2 years.
...
25.Susan West/not/drink alcohol
...
II. Translate these following paragraph into Vietnamese.
John is going to the baseball game with his aunt. He can’t wait to get there. It is the first
game of the season and the stadium is almost full.
He loves to watch baseball, but his favourite part of going to the game is eating snacks. There are many different kinds of snacks at the baseball games.
A man in the red hat walks up and down the aisles selling peanuts and popcorn.
Guess which John’s favourite is.
34
UNIT 4:
PAST TENSES
Form
Past Simple wrote
talked
Past Progressive
was/were V-ing
was/were writing
was/were talking
Past Perfect
had V-ed (p.p.)
had written
had talked
Past Perfect Progressive
had been V-ing
had been writing
had been talking
Past simple – an event or activity which finished in the past
It rained almost every weekend last summer. (a repeated event)
Mr. Shaw joined the company in 2003. (a finished event)We received the shipment two weeks ago. (often used withlast ~, ~ ago, yesterday, when,
etc.)
(*) used to + V-infinitive – an event or activity usually happened in the past but no
longer happens at present
My brother used to drink alcohol.
I didn’t use to get good marks.
Did you use to stay up late?
35 Past progressive – an event or activity which continued for a temporary period in
the past
He was walking down the street at 10:30 yesterday. (happening at one determined moment in the past)
While Simon was traveling in New York, he ran into an old friend. (an action happening when being interupted by another action)The team was working on the project when the manager came in.
At the party yesterday, Jane was wearing a red hat. (an action which lasted for a period and finished in the past)
While her mother was cooking, her father was watching television. (2 actions that happened at the same time in the past)
I was giving it to him but he went home early. (an intention which is delayed orcanceled in the past)
Past perfect – an event or activity which took place and finished before another in
the past.
Helen had worked at the post office until 2001. (an action took place and finishedbefore a moment in the past)
The past perfect is often used with adverb claused of time.By the time we arrived at the arport, Mr. Lee had already left.
Mr. Kao had worked for the company for 10 years when he retired last year.
Past progressive
36 Past perfect progressive – an extended or repeated event which took place before
a prticular point in the past
I had been waiting for Eric for three hours when he finally came back to his office.
Past simple pratice
I. Put the verbs into the correct form.
Last year I (go) to England on holiday. It (be) fantastic. I (visit) lots of interesting places. I (be) with two friends of mine. In the mornings we (walk) in the streets of London. In the evenings we (go) to pubs. The weather (be) strangely fine. It (not / rain) a lot. But we (see) some beautiful rainbows. Where (spend / you) your last holiday?
II. Fill in the past form of the irregular verbs.
Infinitive Past form Past participle
Meet Drive Speak Put Write Sing Do Sit Stand Run Give Grind Grow
Past continuous pratice
I.Put the verbs into the correct form.
1. When I phoned my friends, they (play)………..monopoly.
2. Yesterday at six I (prepare)………dinner.
3. The kids (play)……….in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
4. I (practice)……….the guitar when he came home.
5. We (not / cycle)………all day.
6. While Alan (work)………in his room, his friends (swim)………in the pool.
37
7. I tried to tell them the truth but they (not / listen)………..
8. What (you / do)…………..yesterday?
9. Most of the time we (sit)…………..in the park.
10.I (listen)………to the radio while my sister (watch)……….TV.
11.When I arrived, they (play)………cards.
12.We (study)………English yesterday at 4:00 pm.
13.At the meeting, Helen (wear)…………..a red dress.
14.I (write) a letter to you but I was too busy.
II.Yesterday at 6 pm your family were doing different things. Write positive sentences in past progressive.
1. My mother / read / a novel
...
2. My father / watch / a movie
...
3. My elder sister / writing / in her diary
...
4. My two brothers / listen / to the radio
...
5. My little sister and I / not / watch / a movie
...
6. We / talk / about school
...
Past perfect practice
I. Put the verbs into the correct form.
1. When I arrived at the cinema, the film (start). 2. She (live) in China before she went to Thailand. 3. After they (eat) the shellfish, they began to feel sick. 4. If you (listen) to me, you would have got the job.
5. Julie didn’t arrive until after I (leave)
6. When we (finish) dinner, we went out.
38 9. We were late for the plane because we (forget) our passports.
10.She told me she (study) a lot before the exam.
11.The grass was yellow because it (not rain) all summer. 12.By the time he came, I (write) 3 poems.
13.By the end of last month, we (live) here for 19 years. 14.The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build)
15.He (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.
16.When she went out to play, she (do / already) her homework.
17.My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make)
18.The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) six weeks before.
19.The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order).
20.I could not remember the poem we (learn) the week before. 21.The children collected the chestnuts that (fall) from the tree.
22.(he / phone) Angie before he went to see her in London?
23.She (not / ride) a horse before that day.
Past perfect continuous practice
Put the verbs into the correct form:
1. When I arrived, they (wait) ……… for me. They were very angry
with me.
2. We (run) ………along the street for about 40 minutes when a car
suddenly stopped right in front of us.
3. Yesterday, my brother said he (stop) ………smoking for 2 months.
4. Someone (paint) ……… the room because the smell of the paint was
very strong when I got into the room.
5. They (talk) ………..… on the phone when the rain poured down. 6. The man (pay) ……….. for his new car in cash.
7. I (have) ……….lunch by the time the others came into the
restaurant.
8. It (rain) ……….. for two days before the storm came yesterday.
Exercises
I. Put the verbs into the correct form:
39 2. She (feed) the dog as soon as she (do) her homework.
3. My sister (live) in England before she (move) to Belgium. 4. After he (eat) all the sandwiches, he (drink) some orange juice. 5. We (be) tired because we (work) all day.
6. As I (miss) the bus, I (walk) home again. 7. While I (drive), I (have) an accident.
8. Kate (have) dinner and then she (do) her homework.
9. The thieves (hide) in the kitchen when the police (come) in. 10.Before she (go) to bed, she (listen) to her favourite CD. 11.After he (lose) all his money, he (be) poor as a church mouse. 12.She (have) a cup of coffee before she (write) the letter.
13.My sister (eat) all the jam before our parents (come) home. 14.Tom (be) very angry because Ann (shout) at him.
15.She (go) home again as soon as she (do) her shopping. 16.I (do) the homework but I forgot.
17.They (go) to a sightseeing tour after the bus (arrive). 18.Sam (plan) a party and then he (phone) his friends. 19.While we (clean) the house, we (break) some glasses. 20.Alan (look) out of the window when he (see) a UFO. 21.After they (install) the file, they (can) go on working. 22.He (just start) to watch TV when the mobile phone (ring). 23. George (fall) off the ladder while he (paint) the ceiling.
24.Last night I (read) in the bed when I suddenly (hear) a scream. 25.you (watch) TV when I (call) you?
26.Ann (wait) for me when I (arrive).
27.I (not drive) very fast when the accident (happen).
28.I (break) a plate last night. I (wash) the dishes when it (slip) out of my hand. 29.Tom (take) some photos when I (play) in the garden.
30.We (not go) out because it (rain).
31.I (meet) you but my wife called and I had to go. 32.What (you do) last week?
33.I (see) Carol at the party. She (wear) a new dress. 34.The cell phone (ring) when I (take) a shower. 35.It (begin) to rain when I (walk) home.
36.We (see) an accident when we (wait) for the bus. 37.The children (sleep) all night.
40
II. Choose the appropriate phrase to complete the sentences.
1. I am (use to drink/ used to drink/ used to drinking) milk every day. 2. She has (got used to/ get used to/ got used) living in a small village.
3. When I was a child, I didn't (used to eating/ use to eat/ used to eat) chocolate but now I eat a lot.
4. You must get (used learn/ used to learn/ used to learning) English for long hours. 5. I have got (use to learn/ used to learn/ used to learning) English every day.
6. I am (use to cook/ used to cook/ used to cooking) for myself.
7. Her son is (used to watching/ used to watch/use watched) television for five hours a day.
8. I (use eat/ used to eat/ used to eating) a big chocolate cake a day but I stopped three years ago.
9. I am (use drinking/ used drink/ used to drinking) a cup of coffee in the morning.
10. Peter (use having/ used to have/ didn’t use to have) a bike, now he has a car.
III. Rewrite these sentences with V-ing.
1. Norman collected the parcel. Then he realised it was the wrong one.
After... 2. Sue left the house. But first she checked that she had her keys.
Before ... 3. Mark was parking his car when he noticed the wrong-mirror was broken.
While ... 4. Julia cleaned the house. Then she fell asleep on the sofa.
After... 5. Brian bought a new television. First he checked all the prices.
Before ... 6. Alan was skiing in Switzerland. He met his old friend, Ken.
While ... 7. Kate took 2 aspirins, and then she felt a lot better.
After... 8. Sheila went out for the evening, but first she washed her hair.
Before ... 9. Micheal was taking a bath when he heard someone at the door.
While ...
10.Mrs. Trudy read the book. Then she decided that she didn’t like it.
After...
III. Listen to the weather report and fill in the blank. (A2_weather_forecast.mp3)
41 2. The weather in the east is mostly ...
The temperature is ... 3. The weather in the west is mostly ... The temperature is ... 4. The weather in the south is mostly ... The temperature is ...
HOMEWORK
Translate the following paragraphs into Vietnamese
Agriculture in the West and South of the United States has traditionally been supported by migrant workers who migrate and move from area to area according to the crops that need harvesting. Many Chinese and Mexican immigrants became migrant workers when they first arrived in the United States. Often they had problems with the English language and or no skills that thay could immediately use in the new country.
A person looking objectively at the living conditions of the workers might say that their way of life was little better than slavery. They were housed in substandard conditions, received wages far below the minium, and had no medical or insurance benefits. The migrant workers had no labour unions that could bargain a better wages, better hours or improved working conditions. They had no money or power with which to bargain with their
employers. Employers were making fortunes by the sweat of their workers’ brows. It took
42
UNIT 5:
FUTURE TENSES
Form
Future Simple
will V(infinitive)
will write
will talk
Future Progressive
will be V-ing
will be writing
will be talking
Future Perfect
will have V-ed (p.p.)
will have written
will have talked
Future Perfect Progressive
will have been V-ing
will have been writing
will have been talking
Future simple – the prediction of a future event
I’m hungry! I will buy something to eat. (an action decided right away when you
speak)
I will take the TOEIC next month. (an action or event purely happens in the
future)
I will finish all my work by tonight. (a promise, determination, or warning) (The future simple is often used with next ~, soon, follow ~, in ~, etc)
o The manager will be back in three days. o The team will meet some time next week.
43 Future progressive – an event or activity in progress in the future
I will be having a meeting at 10 A.M. tomorrow. (an action or event happening
at or around one particular moment in the future)
The future progressive is often used with:
At this time +future(at this time tomorrow, at this time next year,…)
At +time +future(at 7 o’clock tomorrow morining,…)
When he comes home tonight, his wife will be cooking the dinner. (an action is
happening in the future when being interupted by another action)
Future perfect & perfect progressive – an event or activity that will finish before a
specific future time
An action happens and finished before one particular moment in the future.
o I will have finished this report by 5 p.m.
o I will have finished this report by the time you finish yours.
He’ll have been keeping a journal for five years next month. (the continuity of an
event)
S+ suggest+ that + S + (should) + bare infinite
(propose/ demand/ recommend/ insist/ urge/ require/ ask/…)
Ex.: Mr. Jackson requested that his order be received before tomorrow
morning.
It is important + that + S + (should) + bare infinitive
(vital/ imperative/ mandatory/ necessary/ difficult/ compulsory/ essential/
crucial)
Ex: It is important that you do all the homework.
Future progressive
Future perfect & perfect progressive
44
In the
time clauses
beginning with
when, why, before, after, until, till,
as soon as, by the time, once,…
we use the respective present tense
instead of the future tense.
Future simple pratice:
I. Put the verbs into the correct form:
Jim, 18 years old, asked an ugly fortune teller about his future.
Here is what she told him:
1. You (earn) a lot of money.
2. You (travel) around the world.
3. You (meet) lots of interesting people.
4. Everybody (adore) you.
5. You (not / have) any problems.
6. Many people (serve) you. 7. They (anticipate) your wishes.
8. There (not / be) anything left to wish for.
9. Everything (be) perfect.
10. But all these things (happen / only) if you (marry) me.
II. Fill in the blank with will or going to
Planning a
45
Martha:...What a horrible weather today. I'd love to go out, but I think it _______(1) continue raining.
Jane:Oh, I don't know. Maybe the sun _______(2) come out later this afternoon.
Martha:I hope you're right. Listen, I________(3) have a party this Saturday. Would you like to come?
Jane:Oh, I'd love to come. Thank you for inviting me. Who________(4) come to the party?
Martha:Well, some people haven't told me yet. But, Peter and Mark __________(5) help out with the cooking!
Jane:Hey, I_____(6) help, too!
Martha:Would you? That would be great!
Jane:I_____(7) make lasagna!
Martha:That sounds delicious! I know my Italian cousins _______ (8A) be there. I'm sure they ____(8B) love it.
Jane:Italians? Maybe I____(9) bake a cake...
Martha:No, no. They're not like that. They_____ (10) love it.
Jane:Well, if you say so... ____ there ______(11) be a theme for the party?
Martha:No, I don't think so. Just a chance to get together and have fun.
Jane:I'm sure it____(12) be lots of fun.
Martha:But I_________(13) hire a clown!
Jane:A clown! You're kidding me.
Martha:No, no. As I child, I always wanted a clown. Now, I__________(14) have my clown at my own party.
Jane:I'm sure everyone ______(15) have a good laugh.
Martha:That's the plan!
Future continuous practice
I. Put the verbs into the correct form:
1. Tomorrow morning we (work).
46 4. This evening we (watch) a talk show.
5. They (not/do) their homework this afternoon.
6. He (not/draw) at 7 o’clock tomorrow morning.
7. This time next week we (sit) at the beach.
8. At nine I (watch) the news.
9. Tonight we (cram up) for our English test.
11.Sandra: Where is Tim going to meet us?
Marcus: He (wait) for us when our train arrives. I am sure he (stand) on the platform when we pull into the station.
Sandra: And then what?
Marcus: We (pick) Michele up at work and go out to dinner.
12.Ted: When we get to the party, Jerry (watch) TV, Sam (make) drinks, Beth (dance) by herself, and Thad (complain) about his day at work.
Robin: Maybe, this time they won't be doing the same things.
Ted: I am absolutely positive they (do) the same things; they always do the same things.
13.Florence: Oh, look at that mountain of dirty dishes! Who (wash) all of those? Jack: I promise I (do) them when I get home from work.
Florence: Thanks.
Jack: When you get home this evening, that mountain will be gone and nice stacks of sparkling clean dishes (sit) in the cabinets.
14.Doug: If you need to contact me next week, I (stay) at the Hoffman Hotel. Nancy: I (call) you if there are any problems.
Doug: This is the first time I have ever been away from the kids. Nancy: Don't worry, they (be) fine.
15.Samantha: Just think, next week at this time, I (lie) on a tropical beach in Maui drinking Mai Tais and eating pineapple.
Darren: While you are luxuriating on the beach, I (stress) out over this marketing project. How are you going to enjoy yourself knowing that I am working so hard? Samantha: I 'll manage somehow.
Darren: You're terrible. Can't you take me with you?
Samantha: No. But I (send) you a postcard of a beautiful, white sand beach. Darren: Great, that (make) me feel much better.
Future perfect practice
47 1.
Margaret: Do you think everything will be finished when I get back from the store?
Jerry: Don't worry. By the time you get back, I (pick) up the living room and (finish) washing the dishes. Everything will be perfect when your parents arrive.
Margaret: I hope so. They (arrive) around 6 o'clock.
Jerry: Everything (be) spotless by the time they get here.
2.
Nick: I just have two more courses before I graduate from university. By this time next year, I (graduate), and I will already be looking for a job.
Stacey: Does that scare you? Are you worried about the future?
Nick: Not really. I (go) to a career counselor and get some advice on how to find a good job.
Stacey: That's a good idea.
Nick: I am also going to do an internship so that when I leave school, I (complete, not only) over 13 business courses, but I (work, also) in the real world.
3.
Stan: Did you hear that Christine (take) a vacation in South America this winter?
Fred: I can't believe how often she goes abroad. Where exactly does she want to go?
Stan: She (visit) Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.
Fred: At this rate, she (visit) every country in the world by the time she's 50.
4.
Judy: How long have you been in Miami?
Elaine: I have only been here for a couple of weeks.
Judy: How long do you plan on staying?
Elaine: I love Miami, so I (stay) here for an extended period of time. When I go back home, I (be) here for more than three months.
Judy: Wow, that's quite a vacation! You (see, definitely) just about everything there is to see in Miami by then.
5.
Jane: I can't believe how late we are! By the time we get to the dinner, everyone (finish, already) eating.
Jack: It's your own fault. You took way too long in the bathroom.
48 Jack: Who cares? By the time we get there, everyone (leave). Nobody (see, even) your hair.
Future perfect continuous practice
I.Put the verbs into the correct form
1. By the time we get to Chicago this evening, we (drive) more than four hundred miles. We are going to be exhausted.
2. When Sarah goes on vacation next month, she (study) German for over two years. She should be able to communicate fairly well while she is in Austria.
3. I have not traveled much yet; however, I (visit) the Grand Canyon and San Francisco by the time I leave the United States.
4. By the time you finish studying the verb tense tutorial, you (master) all twelve tenses including their passive forms.
5. Drive faster! If you don't hurry up, she (have) the baby by the time we get to the hospital.
6. I came to England six months ago. I started my economics course three months ago. When I return to Australia, I (study) for nine months and I (be) in England for exactly one year.
7. Margie just called and said she would be here at 8 o'clock. By the time she gets here, we (wait) for her for two hours.
8. Frank just changed jobs again. If he keeps this up, he (change) jobs at least four or five times by the end of the year.
9. Come over to my house around 9 o'clock. By then, I (complete) my history essay and we can go see a movie.
10.In June, my grandmother and grandfather (be) married for fifty years.
Exercises
I. Put the verbs into the correct future tenses: will/ going to/ present simple or present progressive.
1. The train (leave) at 11:45.
2. We (have) dinner at a nice restaurant on Saturday.
3. It (snow) in the mountains tomorrow evening.
4. On Sunday at 8 o'clock I (meet) my friend.
5. They (fly) to London on Friday evening.
6. Wait! I (drive) you to the station.
49 8. I (see) my sister in April.
9. Look at the clouds – it (rain) in a few minutes.
10. Listen! There's someone at the door. I (open) the door for you.
11. Right now, I am watching TV. Tomorrow at this time, I (watch) TV as well. 12. Tomorrow after school, I (go) to the beach.
13. I am going on a dream vacation to Tahiti. While you (do) paperwork and (talk) to annoying customers on the phone, I (lie) on a sunny, tropical beach. Are you jealous? 14. We (hide) when Tony (arrive) at his surprise party. As soon as he opens the door, we
(jump) out and (scream), "Surprise!"
15. We work out at the fitness center every day after work. If you (come) over while we (work) out, we will not be able to let you into the house. Just to be safe, we (leave) a key under the welcome mat so you will not have to wait outside.
16. While you (study) at home, Magda (be) in class. 17. When you (get) off the plane, I (wait) for you.
18. I am sick of rain and bad weather! Hopefully, when we (wake) up tomorrow morning, the sun (shine).
19. If you (need) to contact me sometime next week, I (stay) at the Sheraton in San Francisco.
II. Read the following pragraphs and decide whether each statement is true or false.
Robot
When will we have robots? We already have many kinds of robots! Industries use a variety of robots and now robots are becoming more common in the home.
The Husqvarna company makes a lawn mowing robot called the Auto Mower. The robot has sensors that detect where objects are in the yard and it maneuvers around them. The robot can cut the grass while you relax on the patio with a glass of lemonade! Also, Eureka now makes a robotic vacuum cleaner. Like the robot lawn mower, the vacuum cleaner automatically detects where the furniture is and vacuums around it.
Cars are becoming robots now that many cars have GPS (Global Positioning Systems) on them. A car with a GPS system can give you directions on how to go somewhere, tell you where the closest gas station is, and, some day in the future, will drive itself. You will take a nap or read while the car drives itself to your destination.
50 pictures! Aibo understands certain commands, like a dog does, such as "Sit down", "Stand up", "Turn right", etc. If you ask Aibo a question such as "How old are you?", its eyes will flash the number of years old it is. Aibo is also a great guard dog. He can patrol the yard and take pictures with a built in camera of anything suspicious.
1. We have many kinds of robots now.
2. The Auto Mower is a robot that vacuums.
3. The Auto Mower has sensors that detect where objects are.
4. Cars with GPS systems can give you directions.
5. In the future cars will drive themselves automatically.
6. Aibo is a robotic cat.
HOMEWORK
Write a paragraph with the length of at least 100 words to tell about your future plan.
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