2018.01.10 Ekonomi digital dan Prilaku Konsumsi

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Ekonomi Digital, Inovasi dan Prilaku

Konsumsi

Ari Kuncoro

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INOVASI

PENGERTIAN & RUANG

LINGKUP

1.  

2. INOVASI: PERUBAHAN SIGNIFIKAN YANG BERDAMPAK.

INOVASI: KEBERHASILAN SECARA SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI KARENA

DIPERKENALKANNYA CARA BARU ATAU KOMBINASI BARU DARI

CARA LAMA DALAM MENGUBAH INPUT MENJADI OUTPUT

SEDEMIKIAN RUPA SEHINGGA DIHASILKAN PERUBAHAN BESAR

DALAM PERBANDINGAN ANTARA NILAI MANFAAT DAN HARGA

MENURUT PERSEPSI KONSUMEN DAN/ATAU PENGGUNA.

(FONTANA 2009; 2011)

INOVASI: IMPLEMENTASI IDE DALAM BENTUK INOVASI PRODUK,

INOVASI PROSES, INOVASI PEMASARAN, DAN INOVASI

ORGANISASI. (OSLO MANUAL 2005)

3.  

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Pendekatan Sistem

SISTEMATIKA “MANAJEMEN INOVASI”

INOVASI AKAN BERDAMPAK BILA DIDUKUNG

OLER OUTPUT, PROSES,

DAN INPUT YANG UNGGUL.



  

I

nput Inovasi (

necessary condition

)



  

Proses Inovasi



  

Output Inovasi



  Outcome

Inovasi

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ILUSTRASI DUA KONSEP DALAM MEMAKNAI INOVASI

MENURUT

CVP

(

Customer Value Proposi8on

)

CPV

(

Customer Perceived Value

)

©Avan& Fontana, 2009-2017, The Prac&ce & Art of Innova&on.

PERSEPSI NILAI MANFAAT

MENURUT

“PENGGUNA/MASYARAKAT/PEMANGKU KEPENTINGAN”

SKENARIO NILAI MANFAAT

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Q

CIS

SC:hod o1    nova1ia1

ILUSTRASI PENGERTIAN

“JIWA” INOVASI

PERUBAHAN STRATEGIS YANG MENCIPTAKAN NILAI

Innovate

Persepsi NILAI MANFAAT

menurut

“PENGGUNA/MASYARAKAT/

PEMANGKU KEPENTINGAN”

(

Customer Perceived Value

)

CPV

HARGA/BIAYA/PENGORBANAN

(

Price

)

(6)

Q

CIS

SC:hod o1    nov  110

DEFINISI INOVASI

©Avan& Fontana, 2009-2017, The Prac&ce & Art of Innova&on.

Consumer Surplus

Producer Surplus

_Pric

e

Economic Cost

Innovate

We Can!

CoP

P

CPV

Value

Created =

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Q

CIS

Schod o1 fnnova~ion

SKENARIO  STRATEGI INOVASI

P- CoP

‐

PROFIT

FORMULA

ΔVC

_=>

CVP

P- CoP

‐

PROFIT

FORMULA

ΔVC

CVP

=>

P- CoP

‐

PROFIT

FORMULA

ΔVC

_=>

_CVP

P- CoP

‐

PROFIT

FORMULA

ΔVC

_=>

CVP

Innovate

·

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Bonus Demografi Indonesia: pasar

untuk kreativitas

_•

_{60% dalam usia produktif (15-55)}

• _{27% orang muda (16-30)}

A

ge

Numbers of People

Female _Male

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132 Juta Pengguna Internet Indonesia, 40%

Penggila Medsos

Yudhianto - detikInet

Rabu, 27 Sep 2017 10:37 WIB

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Neuro Economics

• Behavioral & Neuro Economics

• • 

_{Behavioral economics: integrating social, cognitive, and emotional factors in}

understanding economic decisions.

•• Neuroeconomics: an interdisciplinary field that uses neuroscientific methods in

understanding the interplay between economic behavior and neural mechanisms,

offering a more integrative way of understanding decision making



combines

research methods from neuroscience, experimental and behavioral economics,

and cognitive and social psychology

•• Neuroeconomics studies decision making by using a combination of tools from

various fields so as to avoid the shortcomings that arise from a single pe

‐

rspective

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”Neural Predictors of Purchases" Neuron, Jan. 4, 2007

• _{Microeconomic theory: purchases are driven by a combination of consumer}

preference and price. Using event

‐

related fMRI, the authors investigated how

people weigh these factors to make purchasing decisions

•• 

Consistent with neuroimaging evidence: distinct circuits anticipate gain and loss,

product preference activated the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), while excessive

prices activated the insula

and deactivated the mesial prefrontal cortex (MPFC)

prior to the purchase decision. Activity from each of these regions independently

predicted immediately subsequent purchases above and beyond self

‐

report

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TOURISM and CREATIVE ECONOMY

15

6. ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION

5. BUSINESS CLIMATE

2. ENHANCES NATIONAL IMAGE & IDENTITY

4. RENEWABLE RESOURCES 1. SOCIAL IMPACT

3. INNOVATION & CREATIVITY

GDP, EXPORTS, EMPLOYMENT

CREATES BUSINESS

OPPORTUNITIES AND IMPACT ON OTHER SECTORS

TOURISM NATIONAL ICON STRENGTHENS LOCAL CULTURE AND VALUES

BASED ON KNOWLEDGE, IDEAS, AND CREATIVITY AND

SUSTAINABILITY MINDSET QUALITY OF LIFE , EQUITABLE

DISTRIBUTION, INCREASING WELFARE AND SOCIAL TOLERANCE

?

CREATION OF VALUE ADDED

WHY TOURISM

AND CREATIVE

ECONOMY

BUILDS SOCIAL, CULTURAL,

ENVIRONMENTAL, AND ECONOMIC HARMONY, IN ORDER TO BUILD PROSPER

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16

Film, Video, Photography

TV and Radio

Advertising

Printing & Publishing

Music

Performing Arts

Art & Antiques Market

Information Technology and

Software

Information Technology and

Software

Research and Development

Interactive Games

Dominance of Substance

Media Art and Culture Design Science & Technology Cullinary

CLASSIFICATION OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

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17

Architecture

Media

Film

Visual

Art

Performing

Arts

Ceramic Art

(jewellery, bags, watches,dll)

Product

Packaging

Visual Comm.

Interior Building

Urban Landscape

Movie _{Film TV}

Advertising film

Interactive Games

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Indonesia dan Ekonomi Kreatif: komitmen

politis yang tinggi 2006-2014

• _{Visionary: kecuali Korea, jauh sebelum negara lain di sekitar kita}

mengaungkan ekonomi kreatif (Malaysia, Singapore, RRT)

• _{Hanya ada tiga negara (2011-2014) dimana ekonomi kreatif dikelola di}

tingkat satu kementerian (Indonesia dan Inggeris, Jamaica meniru

Indonesia di 2013). Penting karena terkait kebijakan dan komitmen

politis.

• _{Di Korea di tingkat Kementerian tetapi di bagi dua dan juga memiliki}

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Case Indonesia: 99designs

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In Java, the outspread of designers is the most striking. These designers do not only come from urban and educated group but rather mostly come from rural area with no formal training in design.

Some examples:

• _{In Salaman District, Magelang Regency (1 hour from Yogyakarta), the designers are spread}

out in 20 villages, with each village has approximately 100-200 designers.

• In Parakan District, Temanggung Regency (Parakan District is suburb of Temanggung, one of main producers of tobacco), there are 60 designers, 4 of whom already platinum

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Porsi industri kreatif (termasuk jasa-jasa modern) dalam

PDB Indonesia

(19 persen dari perekonomian)

40238 40330 40422 40513 40603 40695 40787 40878 40969 41061 41153 41244 41334 41426 41518 41609 41699 41791 41883 41974 42064 42156 42248 42339 16.0

16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5

Share of Creative Industry in GDP (percent)

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Growth of the creative industry:

above GDP

40603 40695 40787 40878 40969 41061 41153 41244 41334 41426 41518 41609 41699 41791 41883 41974 42064 42156 42248 42339 0.0

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0

Growth % per annum yoy

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Pertumbuhan Konsumsi Rumah

Tangga

Makanan dan Minuman selain Hotel

dan Restoran

Pakaian, Sepatu dan Pemeliharaan

03/2

Makanan dan Minuman selain di Hotel dan Restoran

% y.o.y

Pakaian, Sepatu dan Pemeliharaan

% y.o.y

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Pertumbuhan Konsumsi Rumah

Tangga

Perlengkapan Rumah Tangga

Pendidikan dan Kesehatan

03/2

Perlengkapan Rumah Tangga

% y.o.y

Pendidikan dan Kesehatan

% y.o.y

(25)

Pertumbuhan Konsumsi Rumah

Tangga

Hotel dan Restoran

Transportasi dan Komunikas

03/2

Hotel dan Restoran

% y.o.y

Transportasi dan Komunikasi

% y.o.y

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Pergeseran konsumsi ke pengalamanan, prestise,

kenyamanan, pendidikan dan kesehatan

piranti dan perlengkapan rumah tangga 9.6% dari PDB

hotel dan restoran dan kesehatan-Pendidikan 8.7% dari PDB

Mak

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257.5 million

Indonesia’s Total Population in 2015

source: UN

56.6 million

Indonesia’s Internet User in 2015

Source: ITU

78 %

Internet-less

Source: ITU

Access via Mobile Celullar

85 %

Source: Susenas, 2014

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Kelas menengah siklus belanja dan

menabung

20010 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 5

10 15 20 25

Deposito Rupiah

%

y.o.y

belanja

menabung

Krisis keuangan global

Boom komoditas

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Pertumbuhan tabungan perorangan

Daya beli kelas menengah (atas)

2003 2004 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

-10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

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E-money

• _{Sadar anggaran}

• _{Siklus belanja}

• _{Pergeseran antara konsumsi barang dan pengalaman (jasa)}

• _{Konsumsi sekarang dan masa depan – tabungan}

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ISU STRATEGIS PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI KREATIF 2009-2025

Pendidikan kreatif yang mendorong penciptaan orang kreatif berkualitas

Ketersediaa n SDM

kreatif yang profesional dan

kompetitif

1

1. Kuantitas lembaga pendidikan formal dan nonformal (ketersediaan, biaya, kesesuaian, dan sebaran);

2. Kualitas pendidikan (pengajaran, kurikulum, sarana dan prasarana, tenaga pendidik);

3. Pengarusutamaan kreativitas;

4. Link and match dunia pendidikan dan dunia usaha; 5. Beasiswa (ketersediaan, kesesuaian, akses, sebaran

informasi).

1. Kuantitas dan kualitas (ketersediaan, kesesuaian, sebaran, dan partisipasi perempuan; peningkatan skill-knowledge-attitude, penguasaan dan akses terhadap iptek);

2. Perlindungan ketenagakerjaan.

Peningkatan kapasitas tenaga kerja kreatif

32 Disamping itu pembelajaran dari mosaik demografi:

Life Cycle Approach:

- health dan nutrisi dari awal (stunting and future capacity),

- _{pentingnya peran komunitas/sosial – nilai, peran keluarga, mempertahankan modal}

budaya dan sosial (public creative space, sanggar tari, banjar dll)

- _{Pentingnya kearifan lokal} - _{Literacy, appreciation}