Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Scholar of English Department Faculty of Letters and Humanities the State Islamic
University of SunanAmpel Surabaya
By
Ayu Monalisa A03211009
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA
LE MBAR PE RNYATAAN PE RSE TUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KE PE NTINGAN AKADE MIS
Sebagai sivitas akademika UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya: Nama : Ayu Monalisa
NIM : A03211009
Fakultas/Jurusan : Adab dan Humaniora / Sastra Inggris
E -mail address :
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, menyetujui untuk memberikan kepada Perpustakaan UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Hak Bebas Royalti Non-E ksklusif atas karya ilmiah :
Sekripsi Tesis Desertasi Lain-lain (………) yang berjudul :
AN ANALYSIS OF TRUCKS GRAFFITI
beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan Hak Bebas Royalti Non-E kslusif ini Perpustakaan UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya berhak menyimpan, mengalih-media/format-kan, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data (database), mendistribusikannya, dan menampilkan/mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain secara fulltextuntuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis/pencipta dan atau penerbit yang bersangkutan.
Saya bersedia untuk menanggung secara pribadi, tanpa melibatkan pihak Perpustakaan UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, segala bentuk tuntutan hukum yang timbul atas pelanggaran Hak Cipta dalam karya ilmiah saya ini.
Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Surabaya, 16 Februari 2017
ABSTRACT
Monalisa, Ayu. 2017. An Analysis of Trucks Graffiti. Thesis.English Department.Faculty of Letters and Humanities. The State IslamicUniversity of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
The Advisor : Prof. Dr. Zuliati Rohmah, M.Pd
Key words : Graffiti, Themes of Trucks Graffiti, Language Function; Transactional and Interactional View.
Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Pembimbing: Prof. Dr. Zuliati Rohmah, M. Pd.
Kata kunci: Grafiti, Tema Grafiti Bak Truk, Fungsi Bahasa; Transactional and Interactional View.
Graffiti bak truk sebagai media para supir truk untuk berekspresi. Itu memiliki function tertentu baik untuk kebutuhan transpotasi ataupun kebutuhan lainnya. Itu bias menghasilkan nilai keindahan ataupun merusak. Memahami graffiti bias membuat para pembaca untuk lebih peka terhadap rasa. Pembelajaran ini memfokuskan pada analisis bak truk dengan memandang dua aspek tata bahasa, Pertama, pembelajaran ini menjelaskan tentang tema – tema graffiti, kedua menjelaskan tentang funsi bahasa yang sesuai dengan teori yang dikemukakan oleh George Yule. Ada beberapa tema pada graffiti bak truk yang masing – masing dihubungkan dengan fungsi yang berbeda – beda berdasarkan graffiti bak truk yang tersedia di Indonesia. Semua itu adalah ekspresi percintaan, nasihat, doa, karakter, gambar, sarkasme, eksistensi, eponym, ekspresi percintaan, tag, politik.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.1.2. Framework for Analysis Trucks Graffiti ... 11
2.1.3. Themes of Trucks Graffiti ... 13
2.1.3.1. Communication ... 13
2.1.3.2.Advice ... 13
2.1.3.3.Invocation ... 14
2.1.3.7.Existence ... 15
2.1.3.8.Eponym ... 15
2.1.3.9.Expression of Love ... 16
2.1.3.10. Tag... 16
2.1.3.11. Politic... 16
2.1.1. Language Function on Trucks Graffiti ... 17
2.1.1.1.Transactional View ... 17
2.1.1.2.Interactional View... . 18
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 20
3.1. Research Design ... 20
3.2. Techniques of Data Collection ... 21
4.1.1.10. Tag... 39
4.1.1.11. Politic... 40
4.1.2. Language Function on Trucks Graffiti ... 41
4.1.2.1.Transactional Function ... 42
4.1.2.2. Interactional Function... 43
4.1.3. Discussion... 44
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ... 50
REFERENCES ... 52
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses some points related to the introduction in the thesis.
The points include background of study, statements of problem, objectives of the
study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of key term.
1.1.Background of Study
The existence of graffiti is frequently supposed to convoke controversy
(Davis: 2011). Some of the graffiti functions are providing the opportunity
individual to express controversial content information on the public (Hanauer in
Farnia: 2004). This is because most of the graffiti functions are corrosive
(Sandles: 2011). According to Arthur Danto, on Nirmana, Demotic Art basically
make chaotic of an aesthetic view (Wicandra & Angkadjaja: 2006).
Graffiti not only gives but also offends some information correction (Ellis on
Australian Institute of Criminology: 1987). Simon O’Sullivan stated that some of
the theme of graffiti are disruptive, for example, graffiti which is delinquent is
able to disrupt the power of relationship and may be able to become the major
themes next (as cited in Cullen: 2009). Graffiti which has function to damage
disagreement was called vandalism. Roos, H. Edvard explain the vandalism as:
2
Graffiti is growing rapidly in line with necessary of graffitists. The term of
graffiti had approximately appeared since there was primitive era which was
written on the stones as a tool of communication (C.F Fraser 258, Malhom and
Romig 30 on Raisul: 1993). For many years, the use of graffiti has function as a
tool of communication (Alonso, 1998, p. 2). Being developed as a tool of
communication presumably seemed had one function. Contribution of the old
graffiti is important to develop an advance of the future graffiti (Davies &
Sarpong, 2013). Nowadays, the function of graffiti in society has grown up as a
tool of power expression that used by people, either for existence or protest
action. The more graffiti functions used can make the more graffiti themes
emerged (Ashley, et.al: 2005). Many researchers categorize the function of
graffiti as the goal of graffiti form or theme. According to Yuswadi, a function
can determine occurring of the form (Saliya: 1999). Among many themes of the
emerging graffiti, the writer just studies about the themes generally, they are like
expressions of love, advice, communication, politic, drawing, tags, invocations,
allusions, eponym, urban, self - expression, and character.
There is a variation of graffiti types which has function to identify the
different types of graffiti. Gadsby (1995) classifies graffiti into six main
categories: latrinalia, public, tags, historical, folk epigraphy, and humorous.
In this study, the writer would like to analyze graffiti on trucks. In Indonesia,
the existences of trucks graffiti are banal because most of them have shoddy
notions, for example, graffiti which shows sordid words or images is bad. Most of
and misapplied the identity women as the context of visualization (Wicandra:
2007). Looking at the Gadsby’s classification, the examples of trucks graffiti are
including in the Public graffiti because they have written on the public spaces. By
scratching any transcription on the tub – truck, they can pour expression much
about their status. Bansky avowed that graffiti is one of the few tools you have if
you have almost nothing (as cited in Ozer: www.academia.edu.com).
In An Initial Intimation of a Banal Discourse of Trucks Graffiti Journal,
Bashtomi Yazid defines the scope of graffiti,
“Graffiti is any kinds of scratches, drawings, paintings, symbols, signs on walls, or anywhere no matter what constitutes the motivation of the writing. He categorizes themes of trucks graffiti as an objection of women, religious belief/teaching, mild – porno – related expressions (innuendos), geographical reference, ancestral reference, passion, frustration, social status, and acknowledgement”.
(Bashtomi: 2007).
Nowadays, form of graffiti is becoming the visual language of personal
expression so that it is intriguing the readers to comprehend what graffiti is
(Ashanti: 2014). Graffiti has shown up the variety of function and theme and has
grown up in line with the social culture that is happening. The problem lays the
development of trucks graffiti view. How is the view of trucks graffiti recently? Is
there any literature which has relation with social culture? How is the meaning of
trucks graffiti as a social culture?
The study of graffiti had already expanded by many researchers with the
plenty of focuses. Two of them were (Wicandra dan Angkadjaja, 2006 &
Leridawati Journal). In Wicandra and Angkadjaja, they focus on what are the
4
used qualitative approach and conducted the grounded theory. In the result of
their study, they explained the motivation and the reason the graffitists in create
graffiti. The motivation of graffitists was to give some aesthetic on the wall
spaces and the second motivation was to be graffitist should have vandalism
character. Meanwhile, the reasons were by letting the white wall did not give
some aesthetic, it just keep clean the wall. Looking at the social culture, this study
did not influence social culture effect yet.
The second is Leridawati, she had the goal to describe lingual ones form of
graffiti on trucks traffic Padang – Solok Sumatra. She collected the data used
qualitative method. She conducted the data comprises of three strategies stages,
they were, providing data, analyzing data, and providing of analysis data. The
result of this study was there were three lingual ones forms, they were, words,
phrases, and sentences. Further, those data analyzed the meaning. There were
three categorizations, they were, lexical, grammatical and contextual meaning.
The analysis of trucks graffiti by her could explain the structure of transcription,
both of syntactically and semantically. However, this discussion did not give any
characteristic area from trucks graffiti in Sumatra yet.
In sum, before delving into a discussion of other trucks graffiti in Indonesia,
it should be clear as to what themes of trucks graffiti need to be addressed. In this
study the writer categorizes the themes of trucks graffiti such as expressions of
love, advice, communication, politic, drawing, tags, invocations, allusions,
1.2.Statement of the Problems
1. What are the themes of trucks graffiti?
2. How is the language function on trucks graffiti?
1.3.Objectives of the Study
1. To describe the themes of trucks graffiti
2. To describe the language function on trucks graffiti
1.4.Significance of the Study
The present study is addresses for giving both theoretical and practical
contributions. Practically, this study is may be able to useful in the development of
linguistic devices, which are, firstly, this study can give an input of trucks graffiti
themes so that the study is able to display the renewal of those themes. Secondly,
the study is able to give some examples of language function that was proposed by
George Yule and Gillian Brown’s theory, it is language function.
Theoretically, by explaining the significance of this study, the writer hopes
the study is able to give some contribution of the development theory; it is themes
of trucks graffiti. The writer also hopes this study can help the researchers to
understand of graffiti discussion next. Some examples discussion about language
function is rather seem useful to be escort for further researchers.
1.5.Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study undertakes several kinds of themes on trucks graffiti
6
points on language function, they are, transactional and interactional view. That is
language function applies mechanism how to analyze function on language use.
The categorization of trucks graffiti themes are expressions of love, advice,
communication, politic, drawing, tags, invocations, allusions, eponym, urban, self
- expression, and character.
1.6.Definition of Key Terms a. Graffiti
Graffiti is a performance of marking various points of contact between
individuals and the world whether they are a celebration of existence or a
declaration of resistance.
Tracey Bowen: 2010
Graffiti is all the transcription form such as scratches, writing, drawing,
marks, and other transcription which was written on the wall spaces and has a
certain meaning.
b. Graffiti Purpose
The aim of graffiti is to gain an attention from the readers / receivers in order
to those graffiti’s work could be paid much attention.
c. Language Function
Language function is the way of people to convey language with the
particular function. The aim is how to make that language could be
d. Transactional and Interactional View
Transactional function is language which has function to confer
information directly in purpose that language could be understood and
implemented.
Interactional function is language which has function to confer
information indirectly in purpose that language could not only be
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter discusses the theoretical framework. The study focuses on
themes of trucks graffiti and language function that are needed to analyze the data.
2.1 Theoretical Framework
In this point, the writer studies the theories which have concern with trucks
graffiti then analyze it within linguistic device that is language function by George
Yule. The theoretical framework consists of the definition of graffiti, framework for
analysis trucks graffiti, the themes of trucks graffiti, and language function.
2.1.1 Graffiti
Graffiti is all the transcription form such as scratches, writing, drawing, marks
and other transcription which was written on the wall spaces and has a certain
meaning. Graffiti is a performance of marking various points of contact between
individuals and the world whether they are a celebration of existence or a declaration
of resistance (Bowen: 2010). According to Farnia, Abel and Buckley noted that
graffiti is a form of communication that is both personal and free of the everyday
social strains that normally prevent people from giving uninhibited reign to their
thoughts. As such, these sometimes crude inscriptions offer some intriguing
insights into the people who author them and into the society in which these
people belong (as cited Abel and Buckley, 1977 p.3 in Farnia). The aim of graffiti is
attention. The aim of graffiti is not only to gain an attention but also as tool of protest
action, which is, there is a disagreement case for the rules are prevailed. Pritchard
asserts graffiti dabbles on issues of human nature that force one to want to be
remembered and not be forgotten through the passing of time (Pritchard, 1967; cited
in Ashley, et.al. 2005). The graffitist usually present graffiti when they want to
decipher something that can intrigues the readers.
Hanauer (1999) noted that graffiti can be use for conveying differentiates
ideas or functions, such as shows someone’s relation in the certain group or asserts
someone’s existence in the certain territory (as cited Hanauer in Ghouma: 2015). By
comprehending much different function of graffiti, it can be categorized on form or
theme of graffiti. Another opinion of form of graffiti is Grass (1997 p. 251) explains
that Graffiti can influence phenomenon both of through a form or a content, it seems
harness the emerging of segment of signs which has larger than sentence, and signs of
something which can stand for something other than itself (Grass, 1997 p. 251; cited
in Raisul). Learning of graffiti can teach the readers to obtain the literacy language
visually so that the readers may be able to construct new literacy language either for
sanctioned or unsanctioned language, for instance, they can conceive the using of
symbols or marks (Bowen). In result, the emerging of graffiti can grow to make the
readers have much concern on sense of touch toward language visual.
Form of graffiti is frequently anonymity. The graffitists would prefer
ensconce their identity than to display the graffitists’ mark. By concealing behind the
particular identity hopefully can guard the privacy and the safety of graffitists (Reiter:
10
communication. It is as if let chance the graffitists write their notion. Some of
anonymous graffiti function for advice (Cassar: 2009). According to Kristeva avowed
that anonymity and all the written contributions reflect diverse gender identity and the
multiplicity of female expression (Kristeva, 1986; cited in Cassar p. 51).
Unfortunately, the utilizing of anonymity on graffiti is less resilience for the
readers in contrast it would not usually be paid attention by them. The viewing of
anonymity is not apparently inflicting positive case. In this case, the graffiti emerges
new problems for the readers who are not accept because many of the graffitists are
frequently exploit graffiti function, for example, they show the displeasure statement
to others.
Based on the Gadsby’s classification, there are 6 points kinds of graffiti. They
are Latrinalia, Public, tags, historical, folk epigraphy, and humorous.
Graffiti Gadsby’s
Classification
Definition
Latrinalia It is graffiti which has the dirtiest notions or places, such
as sordid words in the toilet.
Public It is graffiti which was written in the public places and
should be push sentence’s available for all people
Tags This graffiti almost has same explanation with Public
graffiti, differently, it has more specific characters likes
attributes, names, symbols, etc.
(when theses graffiti were produced); it can be
functioned as a history document.
Folk Epigraphy People commonly craves this graffiti in the wood, wall,
etc.
Humorous Graffiti which has funny and entertaining content
Table. 2.1. Graffiti Gadsby’s Classification
2.1.2 Framework for Analysis Trucks Graffiti
In Graffiti at UBC: A Sociological Analysis of Graffiti Journal, Ian Ashley
et.al, define the themes of graffiti contain of graffiti as a graffiti as a form of
0deviance, graffiti as a part of popular culture, graffiti as a political expression,
graffiti as gender differences, etc. The more number of graffiti are produced so much
number of themes for certain function graffiti. The focus of this study is according of
the themes which are chosen on the data are presented. They are comprise of
expressions of love, advice, communication, politic, drawing, tags, invocations,
allusions, eponym, urban, self - expression, and character
Trucks Graffiti perhaps supposed gainful for truck drivers because it can
provide spot to propagate ideas and share information for graffiti artist (Ashley, et.al:
2005). Because of trucks graffiti is basically to gain an attention of the readers,
therefore truck drivers scatter their commentaries on tub – truck. In wish, the status of
their necessity concern could be threaten and affected by the readers. In difference,
the problem lies that the commentaries of them. How could the trucks graffiti
12
function? The truck drivers should present those graffiti with a good tool for pouring
expression and should not misapply the themes of graffiti only for their mere
necessity to show self – expression.
Graffiti is a powerful social medium for public expression. Trucks graffiti
include in the Public because it has written in the public spaces. Graffiti on trucks
rather seem benefit the truck drivers because those are graffiti offer spot to them to
give free opinion. The public performances such as trucks graffiti indeed disseminate
much information easily so that information could be caught by society quickly.
Sampson & Raudenbush stated the public performances are not only making
available open – ended room but also urges the society to have interaction between
the strangers and acquaintances (Robert & Raudenbush: 1999). In adding, Public
graffiti also administers physical fettle. Unfortunately, they precisely misapply those
opportunity. They are frequently exploit trucks graffiti according to their banal
notion. In effect, many people preconceive Public graffiti exemplify negative
perception somehow.
As the sample, some of themes of trucks graffiti are romanticism, love, sex
differentiate, etc. Those trucks graffiti should not be available on public spaces
because they have sordid language therefore it should be banned for children angle.
Public graffiti possibly permits the graffitists to express their existence. In condition,
they have to witness the impact and the effluence, either positive or negative. In
search, how can this study support people or the readers in more easily acquiring
positive trucks graffiti content that is published in public places? Looking at the
would be classify in the Latrinalia. So that, it should be become comparison the
existence of trucks graffiti in Indonesia, does it include in the Latrinalia or Public
graffiti?
2.1.3 The Themes of Trucks Graffiti 2.1.3.1.Communication
Graffiti as a tool of communication could help people to extend their language
production visually (Jenna: 2002). In this study, graffiti which has function for
communication addressed to the transportation topic. According to David, et.al stated
that the role of graffiti as an intermediary can hopefully simplify people to convey
information in line with their nature message (Ward, et.al: 2000). The goal of this
theme is to invite the readers to communicate about what the graffitists talk are,
indeed those information beyond is the important case to be paid attention, therefore
they want the readers really sanction, comprehend, and implement those information.
2.1.3.2. Advice
It is the way of people to convey advice language visually. This theme is rather
seemed advantageous because it exemplifies an exemplary of graffiti containing a
message with moral value. As well as the writer know, graffiti on trucks mostly
supply distraction ideas. The image of trucks graffiti are frequently debouching
emotional expression, either it is supposed witty or irony (Wicandra: 2009). By
scratching transcription on the trucks is well – place, it possibly get catch many
14
2.1.3.3. Invocation
Theme of trucks graffiti supply invocation is the activity of the graffitists to
display the important necessary of their life. What is life if there is no invocation?
Invocation is the fundamental of people being. By having trucks graffiti containing of
invocation, the readers will assume the graffitists are so kind or graffiti is useful
because it asserts some good suggestion. One of verse of Muslim’s Holy Book
(Qur’an) teaches the advantageous of having invocation.
نﺎﻋﺪ اﺬإ عاﺪﻟا ةﻮﻋﺬ ﺐﯿﺟأ
I respond to the invocations of the supplicant when he calls on Me (without any
mediator or intercessor) (Al – Baqarah, verse 186).
2.1.3.4. Character
It means that content of trucks graffiti theme which prefers to the people mind –
set and character. The graffitists mostly display their character through writing of
graffiti which bases on their status principle. This theme is not fully supposed give
the disadvantages, trucks graffiti which benefit usually look at the character of
creator, either from the truck drivers request or the graffitists. If those graffiti are
containing of politeness language, the character of graffiti will profit the role of
trucks graffiti, those also will persuade the readers to have positive suggestion.
2.1.3.5. Drawing
It is the content of trucks graffiti theme which displays of drawing, this theme
Horowitz and Tobaly assert the idea which is “tolerance, respect for others, and
motivation to achieve” would help alleviate vandalism.
2.1.3.6. Sarcasm
It is the content of trucks graffiti theme which displays language information by
intending insinuates or insults someone. The character of sarcasm is containing of
bitterness, reproach, breaks heart, and crude.
2.1.3.7. Existence
Graffiti as an existence is conveying language that people use to express their
opinion and commentaries according to their mind and heart. The goal of this theme
is to express people’s thought, feeling, and emotional. According to Hanauer, on
Ghouma’s Journal, graffiti as a mode of powerful expression supplies for those who
feel isolated by society and media, groups or individuals frequently called them as
antisocial (Ghouma, Hend: 2015). However, existence of trucks graffiti theme is not
only because of proscription but also because of lack of affection or pay attention.
According to Alonso existence graffiti is the most common form of graffiti, and
similar to political it follows an open system. They contain individual personal
commentaries, and it is sometimes referred to as expressive graffiti.
2.1.3.8. Eponym
It means that statement of trucks graffiti theme which has identity person (it
usually the famous person) and it is constantly related to the character of that is
16
2.1.3.9. Expression of Love
It is the content of trucks graffiti theme which displays expression of love, it
can be an expression of trucks drivers to the closest someone such as their sweetheart,
children, ex – special someone, etc.
2.1.3.10. Tag
It is the activity of scratching graffiti on trucks by posting the propriety
character such as names, addresses, identity, etc. A tag is essentially a territorial
marker (Ley & Cybriwsky, 1974). The graffitists mostly use tags to show their
identity in order to their works could be paid much attention and the readers
acknowledge the graffitists. The aim of taggers is to tag the maximum number of
locations (Ninnes: 1998)
2.1.3.11. Politic
It is graffiti which talks about politic expression and commentaries. Jeff Ferrell
explains that the politics of graffiti writing are those of anarchism (Ferrell: 1993 p.
172). Fisher M. et.al contends graffiti as a political expression is part of expression
about references to democracy, rights, and politicians (Fisher M & Radtke S: 2014).
Sandles avowed that even though graffiti just scratches the name of author, it can be
proven that graffiti against the politic (Sandles, Andrea). In add, Sandles’s
explanation tend to describe scope of political graffiti theme embrace many sectors
2.1.4. Language Function on Trucks Graffiti
According to Cook, the function of language can be divided into five
functions, they are: emotive, directive, phatic, poetic, referential, metalinguistic and
contextual functions (Cook, 1989 p. 26; cited in Arum, Nova: 2015). Graffiti as the
spot of language development certainly shows variation of tools to convey function of
language. It functions as the exchange information of people’s communication
behavior. In Arum’s Thesis, Paul (1999: 1), the primary purposes or function of
human language is to communicate information with others (Arum). The definition of
language function that proposed by Roman Jacobson is the language has six aspects,
and they are: the referential function, the poetic function, the emotive function, the
conative function, the phatic function, and the metalingual function.
In this point, the data study language function theory that was regarded by
Brown and Yule, they are, transactional and interactional view. They described that
there are many communicative function on the language performance, but the most
important purpose of language is the communication of information (Brown & Yule:
1992). Language function is the way of people to convey language with the particular
function. The aim is how to make that language could be conveyed and accepted by
the receiver. By understanding language function, people will get the meaning of
information.
2.1.4.1. Transactional View
According to Nasr on Arum’s Thesis, transactional function is language
18
knowledge, skill and information (Nasr: 198 p. 4). Transactional function is language
which has function to confer information directly in purpose that language could be
understood and implemented. This language function confers some information in
line with the sender’s intention directly, so that those conveying should be clear and
exact. Transactional function is related with how human use their linguistic abilities
to transfer knowledge from one generation to the next. That function which language
serves in the expression of 'content' we will describe as transactional view. It tends to
adopt a limited approach to the functions of language in society (Yule: 2006 p. 6).
2.1.4.2. Interactional View
According to Nasr on Arum’s Thesis, interactional function is the language
function involved in expressing social relations and personal attitudes, it is uses
for maintaining social relationship, such as daily conversation (Nasr: 198 p. 4).
Interactional function is language which has function to confer information indirectly
in purpose that language could not only be understood but could also be interaction
tool. This language function is not only prioritized information content of conveying
language but also have a purpose to interact with others.
Interactional function is related to with how human use their language to
interact with each other socially or emotionally, how they express their feelings and
their ideas. That function involves much human touch to express social relations and
personal attitudes, which describe how the individual have social interaction. It pays
particular attention to the use of language for the transmission of factual or
concerned with the use of language to establish and maintain social relationships.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
Chapter three discusses about the methodology which is used in this analyzing.
The points include research design, techniques of data collection, data and data
sources, instruments, techniques of data analysis, and research frame time.
3.1. Research Design
In this study, text of trucks graffiti became an important contribution to look for
the answer of the research problems. The writer would like to analyze what are the
trucks graffiti mean? And what the theme is. The writer adopted a qualitative
approach as the research method. The qualitative research related to people idea,
perception, opinion, and belief which all of them could not be analyzed by the
number (Sulistiyo, 2010 p. 78). Using qualitative as the research method, the writer
gives priority to the description data, it was not mean used numeric data or
emphasized the quantity. Qualitative data come in the form of photos, written words,
phrases, or symbols describing or representing people, actions, and events in social
life (Neuman, 2012; cited in Badriah, Wafiqotul: 2015).
This qualitative method used convenience sampling, it was non – probability
sampling technique which was choosing subjects because there was accessibility or
convenience to the participants. In this study, the participant here was the informants;
3.2. Techniques of Data Collection 3.2.1. Data
Data were the material of information collection that used by the writer for
analysis, it could be written or spoken material. The data in this study are several
photos of trucks graffiti and the result of interview guide that was talked by the
interviewer and the truck drivers at the places in Krian, Prambon, and Tarik.
3.2.2. Location and Time
Location is the place where the writer conducted the activity of research in
order to acquire the data. This research was located on three location sampling. The
writer categorized four locations to be sample of looking for data. There were ten
results for sample data. Two of them were located on the firstly food shop, it located
near Jl. Raya by Pass Krian. Two of them were located on the secondly food shop, it
located on Jl. Raya Prambon. Three of them was the writer looked for the trucks
graffiti where the truck was stopping its vehicle. It located on Jl. Raya Krian –
Surabaya. The end, three of them was the writer looked for on the truck drivers’
house. Indeed, those locations were near with the writer’s house.
3.2.2. Data Sources
The data of this study were taken from the conversation list between
interviewer and the truck drivers. The writer took this place because there were trucks
which had graffiti on their tub and also the truck drivers were stopping at this place.
22
stopped to rest, the time was about at 12.00 – 13.00. The sources for this research
were from photos and the informants. The writer got the photos to look for the data of
trucks graffiti, while the writer also got the points of trucks graffiti from doing
interview. There were ten informants who could be the participant to be collecting
data. In this point, the writer just used the interview guide as the tool of interview.
Further, the writer took 20 pictures of trucks graffiti.
3.2.3. Instruments
The instrument of this research is the writer. The writer utilized some interview
guide to be material of interview; the writer gave some question about trucks graffiti.
Interview Guide 4. Why do you write this graffiti?
……….. 5. For whom you write this Graffiti?
………..
6. What do you think if you see graffiti which is not agrees with children? ………..
The writer arranged the result of interview guide to be data sources. She took
the fourth number of interview Question list. Then, the writer attaches the fourth
number to be goal of truck drivers.
Prambon
Table. 1 Techniques of Data Collection
3.3. Techniques of Data Analysis
In this study, the writer used data to answer research problems about the themes
of trucks graffiti and how was language function on trucks graffiti, the writer
conducted some steps such as;
First the writer started to understand the result of interview guide list.
Then, the writer arranged data collection and determined the goal of truck
drivers scratched graffiti on trucks.
For example:
Note: I : Interviewer
24
“I : Why do you write this graffiti?
T.D : Ingin mengisi bak truk saya agar tidak kosong”
Translated
meaning and knowledge that the writer knew.
“What is the meaning?
Data of Graffiti Total Frequency
11. Politic
Table. 3.2. Themes of Trucks Graffiti Classifying
Lastly, the writer determined language function on trucks graffiti used the
theory by Yule, it was divided by two points, they are, transactional and
interactional view.
No. Language Function Data of Graffiti Total Frequency 1. Transactional View
2. Interactional View
CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is about findings and discussion of the thesis. In the findings
section, it divided into two parts according to the research question are presented.
They are the themes of trucks graffiti and language function on trucks graffiti. Instead
in the discussion section, the writer discusses about the detail of findings.
4.1. Findings
In this part, the writer presents the findings in line with the research problems.
Firstly, it contains the themes of trucks graffiti. Themes of trucks graffiti are
expressions of love, advice, communication, politic, drawing, tags, invocations,
allusions, eponym, urban, self - expression, and character. Secondly, it contains of
language function by Yule, they are, transactional and interactional view.
4.1.1. Themes of Trucks Graffiti
Dickinson explains form of graffiti emerges the main message of graffiti form
(Dickinson, P.31). Themes of trucks graffiti also explain where the main purpose of
forms (Farnia, p. 52). The main purpose of analyzing trucks graffiti themes are to find
out the meaning of the theme (Fisher M & Radtke S).
Based on the data analysis, trucks graffiti attach 11 themes. Those themes are
Table.4.1. the Findings of Themes of Trucks Graffiti
From the taken data in table 4.1, there are three trucks graffiti themes be a
dominant theme. They are present the highest number with 3 times out of data or 15%
of total frequency, they are, advice, character, and existence. Secondly, the highest
numbers of trucks graffiti themes are eponym, sarcasm, and tag. They present twice
out of data or 10% of total frequency. The lowest numbers are communication,
invocation, politic, drawing, and expression of love. They just appear once and
represent 5% from the total frequency.
5, 5%
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4.1.1.1.Communication
Theme of truck graffiti as a mode of communication has one datum. It is “JAGA
JARAK”. The example of studying truck a graffiti theme as a mode of
communication is below.
Datum 1
Image 1 JAGA JARAK (W 9004 UY)
This piece of trucks can be considered as a mode of communication theme. The
scratches of this graffiti make up definite words consisting of a reading discourse
seriously hopefully capable to explain the information from the truck driver. The
transcription on the truck graffiti had a speech idea above on its making a statement
“Jaga Jarak”, it means “Keep Distant”. This graffiti can give an understanding for
the other drivers in order to obey and implement what communication is the truck
driver used on his tub – trucking.
As well as the truck driver know, many drivers constantly undertake a
delinquency, for instances, the drivers looked for gaps on the road in order to
overlapped the longest and the biggest vehicle for the reasons they are afraid to come
rein. Moreover, among of them get influence alcohol. Angela explained that the rates
of accidents were mostly undergone by teenagers who have holding parties involving
an alcohol (Roos, Hans - Edvard).
Even though, from an analytical transcription the truck graffiti is most likely a
commonplace transcription on the disobedient drivers so that the truck driver notices
to obey the traffic rule. The target audience of the image is the drivers on the road in
expect that truck graffiti would make the drivers implement its appeal. The principle
of “Jaga Jarak” teaches the readers to drive carefully. In wish, driving carefully can
decrease and prevent rates of accident in everyday. Besides, it will convince the
readers to get safety to the destination places further. The image is a piece of
conveying information which has a communication case on the transportation; it is
inviting expression to obey the traffic rule.
4.1.1.2.Advice
Graffiti as an advice conveying is the way of people to convey advice language
visually. This theme is rather seem give some advantageous because by scratching
trucks graffiti content with some good advice and message, the readers will assume
positive on trucks graffiti. Themes of truck graffiti as an advice - conveying have 3
data. They are “MANUTO OMONGANE ABAH LAN UMI!!”, “ATI2 LAN
WASPODO”, and “Ay, Prei Nakal”. One of the example of studying truck graffiti
30
Datum 2
Image 2 MANUTO OMONGAN ABAH LAN UMI!! (S 4114 UF)
The graffiti contended Manuto Omongane Abah lan Umi. It was Obey Your
Parents. The owner of the truck wanted to give advice on his tub – truck. By putting
graffiti which had an advice, people were well – advised. Obey Your Parents is surely
suggestion to have a good attitude to their parents. He said that if conveying
communication used politeness, a good life implementation would drive calmly.
Therefore, people should be more respectful and polite. This graffiti not only remind
the readers to be obedient but also to obey the rule.
There were two marks on the behind of truck. That was red rectangle mark and
tanda seru. The red rectangle mark was used to notice the other driver to keep
distance and took care when they were on driving activity. While the other mark was
tanda seru. Three small tanda seru showed that graffiti should be understood and
applied and one the biggest tanda seru was in the rectangle, which became the proof
if graffiti was an extremely important and as be imperative advice. Other example of
4.1.1.3. Invocation
Graffiti as an invocation is the theme of graffiti containing of applying of
people to God in order to they get virtuous and right way in their life, and also to far
away them from the danger or wrongness. This theme has one datum. They are
“Bismillah”. The example of this theme is below
Datum 3
Image. 5 BISMILLAH (AE 8372 OK)
Graffiti contended “Bismillah” is the effort of truck driver to be more careful in
doing many activities. However, to be truck driver is constantly frightened because he
has to conduct in the middle roadway. It is many dangers and problematic when he
worked, for example, an accident. Moreover, truck is one of the biggest vehicles. It
certainly has to carry much responsible. The biggest vehicle that someone carry the
greatest responsible someone have. Bismillah is the beginning invocation in Islam.
By saying Bismillah, the situation of life will conduct fluency and comfortably. By
stating Bismillah, there will be much salvation. It will save people life to get the right
way and far away people from peril life. He trusts that there is the miracle of
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4.1.1.4. Character
Graffiti as character is a tool of conveying language that people use to express
their opinion and commentaries according to their tenet. This theme has 3 data. They
are “OPO JARE A’WHEK”, “DIBALIK PENANTIAN”, and”Jalanin Nikmatin
Syukurin, Two of the example of studying trucks graffiti themes as a character are
below.
Datum 4
Image. 7 OPO JARE A’WHEK (L 8016 VA)
The theme of trucks graffiti as a self – expression could be exemplified on this
image. This scratching sets – up a particular graffiti which is containing of a real
sense discourse, possibly capable to afford information for drivers. This graffiti had a
notion asserted with the statement “OPO JARE A’WHEK”, it means “Up to me” was
a commentary of the truck driver’s personal expression. Truck graffiti stated that the
desirability truck driver is the readers truly capable to understand the truck drivers’
life. Truck drivers have had willingness to leave their family, because of taking job.
Truck driver is arbitrary to write graffiti because they lack affection from their closest
This graffiti also can be a spirit for him because to be a truck driver is
constantly supposed insipid he has to strengthen himself. To be optimistic is a sense
to ignore pessimist. It means that life has to go ahead like what is truck driver wish,
the wishing is in right way and does not aggravate others so far.
Datum 5
Image.6 JALANIN NIKMATIN SYUKURIN (M 8703 UA)
The graffiti Jalanin, Nikamtin, Syukurin, it means Go on, Enjoy, and be
Gratefull. The owner of the truck wants to invite the reader to enjoy their life. They
must be gratefull through the life, either in good or bad condition. This graffiti taught
moral value that life must go on and continue whatever the condition or problem that
was faced.
God has created human in any different way to make them be gratteful to Him.
He suggested that the readers did not make their problem be a burden in their life.
They must go on to face the obstacle of life that they had because the obstacle of life
was a lesson to arrange their bad character be good character. They also should have
34
4.1.1.5. Drawing
Graffiti has a theme like drawing is a tool of conveying expression that people
use to scratch something in the wall spaces. This theme has one datum. It is a picture
of poultry. The example of studying truck graffiti theme as a drawing is below.
Datum 6
S 8184 WF
Scratching graffiti form through drawing is a work which purposes to show an
art form. By drawing an art, the truck driver can create how to make increase artwork
show how to produce his work to be publicly. The truck driver draws some poultry
because there is a philosophy behind an aesthetic of it. This truck is a tool of the truck
driver undertakes to carry many poultries in everyday. Distributing poultry is a kind
of hi job. It is certainly an exciting feeling to scratch poultry as the power of drawing,
where this drawing is able to bestow on some fortune. His loving of poultry becomes
him to thanks for making his life better especially his prosperity is luckily and
fluency.
4.1.1.6. Sarcasm
Graffiti has a theme like sarcasm is a tool of conveying expression that people
itself) create in the wall spaces of trucks. It is the sentences of crossness expression,
which is, the creator would like to spill anger out to public. This theme has one
datum.The example of studying truck graffiti theme as a drawing is below.
Datum 7
Image. 27
ORA MIKIR LAMBE TURAH SENG TAK PIKIR DUIT TURAH JANDA 7X
(AG 8516 WO)
This graffiti uses Javanese language which utilize hardest strata (there are three
levels of Javanese language structure; they are, softest, middle, and hardest). This
statement means “whatever with much talks, the most important is money”. Graffiti
as if indicate its personality which does not concerned about much talks that the
creator had received. Lambe Turah is one of the popular icons which are gossiping
crowd to be talked nowadays. The emerging of Lambe Turah appears recently in
purpose to be resistance in the same manner as graffiti has character.
According to Tracey graffiti is a performance of marking various points of
contact between individuals and the world whether they are a celebration of existence
or a declaration of resistance (Bowen: 2010). Lambe Turah in this topic would like
36
of people life. This graffiti wants to resist his existence in the same manner as people
have comfortably and peaceful life. Unfortunately, the statement which becomes
more controversial is the drawing of woman wears embrace clothes. Any longer,
representation of woman on tub – truck is exploited. The role of women who hold
much liability to handle household affairs becomes them capable to handle financial
affairs, so that is why this graffiti defines that the most important life is money
recently.
4.1.1.7. Existence
Graffiti as existence is a tool of conveying language that people use to express
their opinion and commentaries according to their mind and heart. This theme has 3
data. They are “Ga Berangkat Diomelin Ga Pulang Dicari”, “Sobo Alas”, and
”Exotic”. One of an example of studying trucks graffiti themes as a character are
below.
Datum 8
Image. SOBO ALAS (S 8753 PA)
The graffiti reveals “SOBO ALAS”. It means “Live in forest habitually”. The
truck driver would like to express his personal commentary about his life. This is
continually in the forest. Passing the forest certainly elicits frightened feeling by
having much problematic like journey at the dark which is sensitive with accidents.
4.1.1.8.Eponym
Graffiti as an eponym is the theme of graffiti containing of language style
which has statement mining of someone name, it is used to prefer the character of
person name. This theme has two data. They are “Narimo ing Pndum” and “Fatha”.
The example of this theme is below
Datum 9
Image. 15 Fatha (B 8137 AK)
The graffiti reveals “Fatha”. It prefers to the name of the beautiful Islamic
woman in India. Character of Fatha could be an exemplary of woman personality
against receiving of strange culture behavior, which is, to be a woman should be
selective to imitate or exemplify other culture. The truck driver utilizes truck graffiti
with the character of Indian woman because India drama has become performance
popularly so that many people fad to watch India drama on television media. This fad
38
4.1.1.9. Expression of Love
Graffiti as an expression of love is the theme of graffiti containing of loving
expression and uttering. This theme has one datum. They are “Terlanjur Sayang”.
The example of this theme is below
Datum 10
Image. 14 TERLANJUR SAYANG (W 7075 SH)
The graffiti shows “Terlanjur Sayang”. It means “Already in Love”. This
expression love is uttered by truck driver to release his loving to his closest person/s.
By releasing love, truck graffiti can entertain him to alleviate missing sense. To be
truck driver surely have long distance with the closest person/s especially his family
because having long journey would make his life far from family. It does not like
other profession which does not worst time to work continually. Although, he could
not to send his feeling to the addressee, this truck graffiti hopes carrying `expression
of love because by having this expression would intrigue him to be happy. Not only
himself but also he wish his statement could influence the readers to have expression
of love too. Therefore, he thinks that he could share good expression, which is,
4.1.1.10. Tag
Graffiti as a tag is the theme of graffiti containing of the character or marks of
graffitists itself. This theme has one datum. It is “Dzikrul Ghofilin (Ayo Tobat)”. The
example of this theme is below
Datum 11
Image. 16 DZIKRUL GHOFILIN (AYO TOBAT!!) (W 8050 UZ)
This graffiti shows “DZIKRUL GHOFILIN TOBAT” It is the utterances of truck
driver to the readers if he wants to show his existence expression. The truck driver
gets the ideas of graffiti from his son’s name. His son name is Dzikrul Ghofilin. He
gives his son name uses Arabic language which means reminder for forgotten people
or it could be comprehend that the more fortune the more praying. That means he
(truck driver) may not too proud everything what we have done. Indeed our success is
not only our attempt but also probably it is the others endeavor. For example, his
success is result of his fight and praying but he is doing not know if there is one help
praying him. So that, he writes this graffiti as my alarm to always remember when he
40
4.1.1.11. Politic
Graffiti as a politic is the theme of graffiti containing of politic commentaries.
This theme has one datum. It is “Enak Jamanku To”. The example of this theme is
below
Datum 12
Image. 30 ENAK JAMANKU TO….. (S 8978 SN)
This graffiti shows “ENAK JAMANKU TO…..” It means “What the Best
Comfort after My Era?” The truck driver would like to share commentaries about
politic information. He considers the government system between in the past and
nowadays. At the past, the condition of government system was fluency at the
Soeharto’s era especially in economy aspect. Economy policy which applied
appropriate with most of people’s livelihood in Indonesia, it is, agriculture engineers.
Indonesia is agriculture country, where the nation should utilize availability of natural
resources so that the necessary of nations were fully saved. By having their own job,
they could enrich their life. When he viewed backward in Suharto’s president era, the
condition of politic Indonesia did not chaotic like nowadays. All president certainly
peaceful than others. He concluded there was an available self – sufficient food
program, family planning program, etc.
4.1.2. Language Function
Graffiti as the spot of language development certainly shows variation of tools
to covey function of language. Language function explains all of languages that
people used were have meaning and purpose. There are two major function of
language, transactional and interactional (Brown & Yule, 1983: 1). Based on the data
analysis, trucks graffiti attach 2 language functions. Those function categorization
was appropriated based on the George Yule’s theory, they are, transactional and
interactional views.
Table. 4.2. Finding of Language Function
From the taken data in table 4.1.trucks graffiti which contains of transactional
42
13 times out and 65 % of frequency. Then, the second highest number of data is
transactional view.
4.1.2.1. Transactional View
Transactional view becomes the second highest number of language function
on trucks graffiti. There are 13 data containing of transactional view, they are datum
Image 1, Image 2, Image 3, Image 5, Image 6, Image 9, Image 7, Image 13, Image
12, Image 11, Image 18, Image 19, and Image 16. An example language function on
trucks graffiti as a transactional view is below.
Datum 13
Image. 1 JAGA JARAK (W 9004 UY)
Language function on trucks graffiti as a transactional view is exemplified in
this image. It revels “Jaga Jarak”. It means “Keep Distant”. For example, at the jump
traffic and all the drivers drive creepily, the driver who is in the behind this truck.
After he reads that is information on truck graffiti, he is going to decrease the speed
directly so he can keep away from that is truck.
Looking at the behavior of the driver, the language function of this graffiti is in
content actually (Heather, Hewitt: 2002). It is about the rule of driving activity.
However, the driver conducts and implements commando without both of the truck
driver or the driver utter speech. Trucks graffiti as the form of transactional view is
mostly supposed explicit transactional features, because the content of some
information are conveyed clearly and based on the nature message of truck drivers.
In conclusion, this language function should be applied by the drivers
4.1.2.2.Interactional View
Interactional view is the dominant function of language on trucks graffiti. There
are 7 data containing of interactional view, they are datum Image 14, Image 17,
Image 8, Image 10, Image 11, Image 20, and Image 15. An example language
function on trucks graffiti as an interactional view is below
Datum 14
Image. 17 TERLANJUR SAYANG
(W 7075 SH)
This picture is an example of language function as interactional view. It
scratches “Terlanjur Sayang” It is one of loving expression sentence that would like
to express for special someone. It could be his special someone, his wife, his child,
44
Looking at the statement above, language function could be called interactional
view. The main goal of graffiti is not only for conveying some information according
to the content but also for interaction. The graffitist makes a literary loving
expression through popularly language style is the effort of graffitist to be interactive
with other drivers. The driver seems only to be focused on expression of trucks
graffiti. The method of graffitist to show an expression of social relationship is
included in interactional view (Kalaja P & Lepannen S: 1991). Trucks graffiti as
interactional view can have explicit or implicit features, because some information is
not denotation somehow.
In conclusion, this language function can be comprehended by the receivers,
either through the content or interaction.
4.2Discussion
The findings reveal that the themes of trucks graffiti and that language function.
As has been mentioned that language function is the way language conveyed. It is
function of what language uses. Theme is the main idea of topic transcription. Part of
communication could significantly acquired by understanding the theme of
transcription such as writing, drawing, marks, symbol and others is significant part of
communication.
In Wicandra and Angkadjaja, they focus on what are the motivation and the
reasons of graffitist to create graffiti. They collect the data used qualitative approach
and conducted the grounded theory. In the result of their study, they explained the
was to give some aesthetic on the wall spaces and the second motivation was to be
graffitist should have vandalism character. Meanwhile, the reasons were by letting the
white wall did not give some aesthetic, it just keep clean the wall. Looking at the
social culture, this study did not influence social culture effect yet.
As the writer mentions in the previous chapter, there are two study topics, they
are themes of trucks graffiti and language function that was proposed by George
Yule. Firstly, there are five themes of trucks graffiti, they are, expressions of love,
advice, communication, politic, drawing, tags, invocations, allusions, eponym, urban,
self - expression, and character. Secondly, trucks graffiti are analyzed use one of
theory on linguistic device, it is language function.
Connecting to the previous study, this study undertakes to continue the
suggestion from Wicandra & Angkadjaja (2006) analysis, which is, would like to
present how is graffiti form can influence social – culture. All the language basically
has relationship with social and culture. Social is the activity which relates to society.
Then, culture is all the form of human activity by having notions and behaviors. So,
social – culture is all the activity of human language which comes from notions or
behaviors in the society scope. Here, trucks graffiti is as an intermediary of graffitists
to explore their language which purposes to publish to society. The interpretation
meaning of trucks graffiti found is also depend on the themes of the data used.
Communication theme supplies trucks graffiti by containing of transportation
communication. It certainly conducts between truck drivers and other drivers. This
theme rather seem gives an advantage because the conveying information which has
46
join participates to convey about some information of traffic rule. This theme
undertakes an operation about the solution of problem which appears on the driving
activity.
Indeed, both graffiti on trucks as the collection and as driving suggestion are
the truck drivers’ necessarily. Although, there are some direction of guidance and
information of traffic rule, for instances, many banners which posts on the road
concerning of the danger of traffic, the drivers do not obey yet. There are still the
delinquent drivers. They should hold the orderliness principle as the biggest
responsible.
The official statement of safety about the traffic rules is available on the judicial
law and it should be an implementation for the traffic police. In 2009 Constitution of
the Republic of Indonesia, President and House of Representative stated that the
Constitution No. 22 about public transportation and traffic rule, it is, “All the fluency,
convenience, and orderliness of traffic, to the drivers’ should be given guidance,
widely information, they who have relation with the prescriptions on traffic rule. The
official traffic should properly give some direction of guidance and information on
the traffic” (2009 Constitution: No. 22).
Availability of official statement of traffic safety gives some direction to the
drivers. Realizing the importance of keeping the safety of road is the main pocket.
Self – awareness should really implemented by the official traffic, either for the
traffic police or the drivers. Why should also the traffic policemen have a self –
awareness? Because some of them also undertake a delinquency by withdraw an
policemen and the drivers. The explanation of the delinquency which writes on the
statement above is part of factual account occur generally on the road.
The theme is not only having transcription creation as well as the rule has but
was also having invoking of emotional response rule properly. One of the examples
of invoking of emotional response in this trucks graffiti theme could be seen when the
drivers obey and implement what are graffiti would like to do. In result, may theme of
trucks graffiti as communication could be comprehended and implemented by the
drivers so they get safety to the destination.
Advice theme is rather seem gives much advantages because it represents all
trucks graffiti form which views shoddy notions for children receipt. By having this,
trucks graffiti will not fully have supposing indecent meaning and disrupt notion and
behavior continuer generation.
Character and existence theme are commonly common appear in the data. The
interpretation of those themes is still followed by the character of Indonesian exactly,
it is relying on togetherness. Having relying on togetherness has similarity with
homogeneous character especially for touch of sense affairs.
Then, the conclusion of interpretation of trucks graffiti themes are acquired by
several themes, they are, graffiti as a mode of communication and graffiti as a mode
of communication. The interpretation of a mode of communication theme is still
influenced by other graffiti theme, for instance, there is a mode of communication
graffiti which is followed by trucks graffiti as an existence. It is not fully supplies
48
feeling, commentaries and emotional. Actually, the character of those graffiti is
available on graffiti as an existence.
Further, the interpretation of trucks graffiti theme as a political expression is
democratic. Democrat is government system which all the nations have opportunity
to express their mind and heart. In this case, the truck drivers want to voice their
expression through graffiti on trucks.
The result of the findings is answers for the two research problems that have
been mentioned in the chapter one. However graffiti is a part of language. There is
particular meaning and function. Therefore, the writer analyze the data with the
linguistic device, it is language function. The writer would like to understand and
comprehend the scope of graffiti especially on trucks.
In conclusion, whatever the function of language itself, using of language
should supply its predominance. One of them is using language with the politeness
language for communication so that it makes interaction fluently. There is a verse of
Muslim’s Holy Book (Qur’an), which supplies of using politeness language for
interaction with others. There is in the Al – Qalam Surah verse 4.
ﻢﯿﻇ قﻟﺨ ﻰﻟ ﻟ ﻚﻨ اﻮ
Translation:
And indeed You (Muhammad) are really have noble right nature (Qalam verse 4)
That verse explains about the personality of Muhammad Saw who has a noble,
virtuous, and generous temper. None has compete likes His right nature. At least,
If people use language for well function, perhaps it can handle the producing of
