ABSTRACT
PREVALENCE AND RELATED FACTORS OF PROTEINURIA IN A PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN BALI
Made Ayu Krishna Levina, I Ketut Suarta, I Gde Raka Widiana
Department of Child Health Udayana University Medical School Sanglah Hospital Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Proteinuria is an early marker of increased risk of progressive kidney disease. The prevalence of proteinuria in children in Indonesia, especially in Bali is not definitely known. By determining the prevalence of proteinuria, an early intervention to reduce and inhibit the progression of kidney disease can be conducted. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and related factors of proteinuria in primary school children in Bali.
An analytic cross sectional study was conducted on elementary schools students in Bali between July 2013 until December 2013. Data were collected by physical examination and interviewed using questionnaire. Factors that associated with proteinuria were analyzed using Chi-square test. Multivariate analysis was performed to the related factors with p value <0.25 on the bivariate analysis.
One thousand and twenty students participated in this study. Prevalence of proteinuria was 2.6%. Male gender, 10-12 years age group, hypertension and renal diseases in parents were related factors for the occurrence of proteinuria with a significance value p<0.05. Multivariate analysis showed hypertension was associated with frequency of proteinuria [OR 4.5 (95% CI 1.2 to 16.9) p 0.02], and 10-12 years age group also associated with frequency of proteinuria [OR 7.13 (95% CI 1.59 to 32.02) p 0.01].
In conclusion, the prevalence of proteinuria in primary school children in Bali is 2.6%. Hypertension and 10-12 years age group are factors that related to frequency of protenuria in primary school children in Bali. The prevalence of proteinuria depicts an increasing abnormalities and severity of renal kidney disease. An early detection of proteinuria by dipstick test is an important screening for an early marker for renal abnormalities.
