IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING INTEGRATED WITH MULTIMEDIA BASED ON COMPUTER TO IMPROVE RESPONSIBILITY
AND STUDENT’S LEARNING OUTCOMES ON REACTION RATE SUBJECT MATTER IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
By :
RAJA IHOT SIAHAAN Reg. No. 409332029
Bilingual Chemistry Education Program
THESIS
Submitted to Fullfill The Requirement for The Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
JURUSAN KIMIA
FAKULATAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise and thankful to Almighty God, Jesus Christ, for all His grace and
blessing that provides health and wisdom to writer, so this study can be done well and accordance with the planned time.
Title of thesis is “Implementation of Problem Based Learning Integrated with Multimedia Based on Computer to Improve Responsibility and Students’s Learning Outcomes on Reaction Rate Subject Matter in Senior High School” that
arranged to obtain the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Medan (UNIMED).
In this opportunity, the writer would like to express the greatest thanks to Prof. Dr. Suharta, M.Si as my supervisor, thanks for his valuable time spent in giving guidance, advices and suggestion during the completing process this thesis. The writer are also expresses to Prof.Dr.Albinus Silalahi,M.S, Dr.Zainuddin,M.Si and Drs. Jamalum Purba, M.Si as reviewer counselor for this thesis, thanks for
Department, for their advices and other necessary administrative. Thanks to Dr. Retno Dwi Suyanti as the validator of instrument test in this research. The writer addressed thanks to Dra. Hj. Safrimi, M.Pd as principle of SMA N 2 Medan and thanks to Manasar, S.Pd as chemistry teacher that gives permit, suggestion,
motivation, and big chance to explore my creativity during the research.
Greatfull thanks to God because He gives me the best parents, M. Siahaan and N. Hutahaean and the kinds family. My parents’s words is always motivate me to grow up in my life, their love is still i felt. Thanks to my old brother Palti Siahaan, my old sister Marenta Uli Siahaan, Sondang Pita Lestari Siahaan, and Helena Lammindo Siahaan that always support me in praying and stand beside me in time.
point your praying. Thanks to my friends in UKM-KP Unimed special to group
of No Name, they are my seniors Fitri Silalahi and Sarah Nainggolan, Raja Hizkia Sitohang, Nelius Harefa. Thanks to Bilingual Chemistry Education’09 especially Sanny Pane, Sansah Sinaga, Amri P. Tambunan, Doni Ferdinan Simanjuntak, Evan Andrean Sembiring, Niko Hefal Fernando, Andri Situmorang,
Eifko Harianja and the other, as our friendship and our caring one to the other. Thanks also to my senior Manase Sidabutar, my friends, Rio Harmoko Simbolon, Aditia Purba, Alex Hutabarat. My juniors, Rades and Giovan Simbolon, Dani and Ida Simbolon, Hiras B.M Hutasoit, Iwan Sipayung, Agung Situmorang, Monika Siahaan, Nestiwi Sitorus, Rohana Munte and Daniel Hutasoit and the others also, thanks for your spirit and your laughing.
Thanks to my big family “IKBKK” community that have been my second home, very nice if remember all the time in that home.
Finally, the writer hopes this thesis would be useful for those who would like to explore more about the learning strategy that suitable to learn rate of reaction, especially to department of chemistry. The writer realizes that thesis is still far from being perfect therefore, critique and suggestion are needed for further improvement of this thesis.
Medan, January 2014 The Writer
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IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING INTEGRATED
WITH MULTIMEDIA BASED ON COMPUTER TO IMPROVE
RESPONSIBILITY AND STUDENT’S LEARNING OUTCOMES ON
REACTION RATE SUBJECT MATTER IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Raja Ihot Siahaan (NIM 409332029)
ABSTRACT
CONTENT
Page
Ratification Sheet i
Biography ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Content v
List of Figure vi
List of Table vii
List of Appendix viii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1.1Background 1
1.2Problem Identification 4
1.3Problem formulation 4
1.4Problem limitation 4
1.5Research objective 5
1.6Benefit of research 5
1.7Operational definition 6
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE STUDY 2.1Theoretical Framework 7
2.1.1 Learning And Learning Outcomes 7
2.1.2 Sense of Responsibility 8
2.1.3 Problem Based Learning strategy 10
2.1.3.1Syntax for Problem Based Learning 12
2.1.4 Direct Instruction Method 13
2.1.5 Media 13
2.1.5.1Useful of Media 15
2.1.5.2Selection of Media 16
vii
3.8.1 Normality Test 37
3.8.2 Homogeneity Test 38
3.8.3 Improvement of Learning Outcomes 38
3.9Hypothesis Test 38
CHAPTER IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Instrument to Measure The Accuracy of Instrument 39
4.1.1 Validity of Instrument Test 39
4.1.2 Reliability of Instrument Test 39
4.1.3 Difficulty Index 40
4.1.4 Discrimination Index 40
4.2 Instrument to Measure The Learning Outcomes And Responsibility Sense 40
4.3 Pre-requirement Test of Analyzing Data 43
4.3.1 Test of Normality Data 42
4.3.2 Test of Homogeneity Data 43
4.3.3 Hypothesis Testing 44
4.3.4 The Effectively Learning of Problem Based Learning (PBL) 4.3.5 That Integrated with Multimedia Based on Computer 46
4.4 Discussion 47
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1Conclusion 49
5.2Suggestion 49
ix
LIST OF FIGURE
Page
Figure 2.1 Edgar Dale’s Experience Cone 14
Figure 2.2 Zero Order 23
Figure 2.3 First Order 24
Figure 2.4 Second Order 24
Figure 2.5 Effective and Ineffective Collision 25
Figure 2.6 Activation Energy 26
Figure 2.7 Manufactured of Ammonia 30
1 1.1.Background
Chemistry is one of the natural sciences, which plays an important role
and have a significant influence on the development and advancement of
technology. Chemicals widely used in daily life such as food, beverages, clothing
and even industry. The students from high school and even college chemistry
capabilities reinforcements need to be equipped, in order to follow the
development of science and technology development priorities at this time. The
chemistry lesson is one of those subjects that are considered difficult by students,
so that students by themselves need to investigate, growth the curiosity against to
the learning materials. Professional teacher and a good learning model are needed
to support them and carry their mind to the solution based on the problem or the
difficulties to make them investigate and growth the curiosity by themselves, and
also need the media to make them easy to conclude the materials or to see the key
word for the problem.
Based on the function and purpose of national education, it is clear that
education at all levels should be organized systematically to achieve that goal.
This is related to the formation of the character of the students so that they can
compete, ethics, morals, manners, and interact with the community. This suggests
that the quality education students are very important character to be improved
(Sudrajat, 2010). The formation of the character of the students, teachers as
professional educators is needed so that the goal of education attained, the teacher
has the function, role and strategic position in the national development in the
field of education.
Character education is increasingly urgent to implement, given the events
that occur around us. One juvenile delinquency cases that often occur in the world
of National Education is a lack of discipline and lack a sense of responsibility in
the school, such as not making homework, scribbling on the bench, at the
dedication of the flag is not orderly, not dressed, often coming late, do not submit
2
this habit is persistent, then the national education goals will be difficult to
materialize. As a civilized nation, such a situation is obviously very unfortunate
for the future of the nation, especially in the birth of the future generation of
intelligent, intellectually, emotionally, spiritually, and socially. In such a context,
there needs to be a serious effort from all parts of the nation to restore the lost
national character.
The problems that right to get attention in many school are the way of
teaching that always constant, that is direct instruction method. In this case, the
student only hear the teacher without action. Only see the teacher was talking and
write in the whiteboard, mean the student do not involve in teaching process, no
spirit in student learning process. The other point in this method is when the
student faced the materials of lesson about calculation, the student will solve by
followed the formula. The matter is if they are asked to solve the other problem
that has a little different from the formula, sure that they will not able to do. It is
caused in the teaching process they do not involve to find out the formula, they do
not know from where that formula coming from. In their memory, the just
remember the general formula and can not to develop that formula to other
problem. Because of that, needed a certain strategy that will be applied when they
face the other problem. The strategy also able to develop their curiosity to the
problem, so the students were involved to identify the problem. The other hand,
for the theoretical matter, needed strategy that make them realize that lesson has
already in around of them, so they will have a memory in a long time. The
uninvolved student in teaching and learning process indicates that the
responsibility sense of student to their self is very warned.
Based on this problem, the researchers offered a solution using two
learning strategies, namely problem-based learning strategy integrated with
computer-based media and the other is using the direct instruction method.
Research conducted by Silvia Budianti (2007) concluded that the usage of
problem based learning method has good effectiveness. The conclusion from
these studies resulted in improved learning outcomes by 29.35% compared to
Research conducted in the educational journal E.J Wood (2004)
concluded that PBL embraces the principles of good learning and teaching. It is
student-directed (which encourages self-sufficiency and is a preparation for
life-long learning), and promotes active and deep learning. It often includes or
requires peer teaching, which encourages students to digest information so that
they can present it to the group with some degree of authority. But also it taps into
existing knowledge, and this again has to be digested knowledge so that it can be
explained and used confidently.
Besides the right strategy, it needed the support of the media to promote
the spirit of student learning, visualization is one way that can be done to concrete
something abstract. In the era of visualization informatics developed in the form
of moving images (animation) that you can add sound (audio). One of the
interesting media that uses computer media power point with animation. Media
animation is a medium that contains a collection of images are processed in such a
way as to produce motion and comes with audio so memorable life and keep
learning messages.
The subject of reaction rate that is taught in class XI semester I. This
material discusses molarity, rate of reaction, relation reaction rate and coefficient
of reaction, reaction order, factors that affected the rate of reaction, and the
application. Overall the reaction rate material characteristics and understanding of
concepts and descriptions are the usage and application of the formula in his
understanding, so that students are required to solve a given problem. In addition,
teachers are also required to use the media interest in learning. However, most of
the students showed a less satisfactory learning outcomes, teachers are also
difficult to use media interest.
Based on the references obtained, then an effort to improve
responsibility sense, and student’s learning outcomes, the researcher felt, need to
conduct a study entitled “IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM BASED
LEARNING INTEGRATED WITH MULTIMEDIA BASED ON
COMPUTER TO IMPROVE RESPONSIBILITY AND STUDENTS’S
LEARNING OUTCOMES ON REACTION RATE SUBJECT MATTER IN
4
1.2. Problem Identification
1.The number of students who are less responsible in the learning.
2.Less than optimal implementation of character education in schools.
3.Lack of student involve in learning process.
4.Difficult lessons students understand abstract concepts.
5.The useless of multimedia in teaching chemistry in schools.
1.3. Problem Formulation
The formulations of problem in this research are:
1. Are there significant higher of student’s learning outcomes that taught by
problem based learning strategy integrated with multimedia based on
computer compared by direct instruction method?
2. Are there significant positive correlation between the improvement
responsibility sense with student’s learning outcomes that taught by
problem based learning strategy integrated with multimedia based on
computer?
3. Are there significant positive correlation between the improvement
responsibility sense with student’s learning outcomes that taught by direct instruction method?
4. How does the effectiveness of student’s learning outcomes using problem
based learning strategy integrated with multimedia based on computer
compared by direct instruction method?
1.4.Research Objective
Based on the formulation of the problem, the objectives of this research
are:
1. To determine whether there are significant higher of student’s learning
outcomes that taught by problem based learning strategy integrated with
multimedia based on computer compared by direct instruction method.
2. To determine whether there are significant positive correlation between the
taught by problem based learning strategy integrated with multimedia
based on computer.
3. To determine whether there are significant positive correlation between the
improvement responsibility sense with student’s learning outcomes that taught by direct instruction method.
4. To investigate the effectiveness of student’s learning outcomes using
problem based learning strategy integrated with multimedia based on
computer compared by direct instruction method.
1.5. Problem Limitation
Based on the scope of the problem that has been described above, the
extent of the problem in this research includes:
1. This study is limited to the study of chemistry class XI IA SMA Negeri 2
Medan TA 2013/2014 on reaction rate subject matter.
2. This study is limited to the implementation of character education is a
sense of responsibility.
3. Conducted on student learning and serve two groups, where the first group
of students taught by Problem Based Learning strategy, integrated with
multimedia based on computer, and the second group of students taught by
direct instruction method?
4. Multimedia based on computer in this study uses the facilities of Microsoft
Power Point and video.
1.6. Benefit of Research
The benefits of this research are:
1. Generated model of learning which is expected to improve student
learning outcomes.
2. Motivating students to have more responsibility in the learning so that the
learning becomes better.
3. Improving the quality of teaching and learning process to make it more
attractive in an effort to improve student learning outcomes, especially on
reaction rate subject matter.
6
1.7. Operational Definition
1. Responsibility is the behavior in taking appropriate and effective decisions
to change one's self which changes the form of knowledge, understanding,
skills, attitudes and values.
2. Learning outcomes is a change in behavior that is obtained after a learning
activity.
3. Problem Based Learning (PBL) is a learning that include of problem
formulation, learning objective, and assessment related to each other.
Problem formulation is the problem/ challenges against to the student.
Critical to the success of the approach is the selection of ill-structured
problems (often interdisciplinary) and a tutor who guides the learning
process and conducts a thorough debriefing at the conclusion of the
learning experience.
4. Direct Instruction method is a method of lecture as a teaching method is
illumination and narrative orally by the teacher to the class.
5. Media is a tool that is used as an intermediary to convey messages and can
stimulate thoughts, feelings and progress of audience (students) so as to
encourage the teaching and learning process.
6. Learning model is the result of the integration between learning strategies
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
Based on result of research that have done so can gotten some conclusion,
they are:
1. Student’s learning outcomes that taught by Problem Based Learning (PBL)
strategy that integrated with multimedia based on computer is significance
higher than student’s learning outcomes that taught by direct instruction
method.
2. There are significant positive correlation between the improvement
responsibility sense with student’s learning outcomes that taught by problem based learning integrated with multimedia based on computer.
3. There are no significant positive correlation between the improvement
responsibility sense with student’s learning outcomes that taught by direct instruction method
4. Effectiveness of student’s learning outcomes in class that taught by Problem
Based Learning (PBL) strategy that integrated with multimedia based on
computer compared with class that taught by using direct instruction method
on reaction rate subject matter is 11.57%.
5.2. Suggestion
Based on the discussion and conclusion, so researcher suggest below:
1. For teacher expected able to apply Problem Based Learning (PBL)
strategy that integrated with multimedia based on computer in increasing
of student’s chemical learning outcomes
2. For the researcher that want to do the research about Problem Based
Learning (PBL) strategy that integrated with multimedia based on
computer so that notice the weakness in this learning strategy can gotten
50
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