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IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING INTEGRATED WITH MULTIMEDIA BASED ON COMPUTER TO IMPROVE RESPONSIBILITY AND STUDENTSS LEARNING OUTCOMES ON REACTION RATE SUBJECT MATTER IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL.

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IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING INTEGRATED WITH MULTIMEDIA BASED ON COMPUTER TO IMPROVE RESPONSIBILITY

AND STUDENT’S LEARNING OUTCOMES ON REACTION RATE SUBJECT MATTER IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

By :

RAJA IHOT SIAHAAN Reg. No. 409332029

Bilingual Chemistry Education Program

THESIS

Submitted to Fullfill The Requirement for The Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan

JURUSAN KIMIA

FAKULATAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Praise and thankful to Almighty God, Jesus Christ, for all His grace and

blessing that provides health and wisdom to writer, so this study can be done well and accordance with the planned time.

Title of thesis is “Implementation of Problem Based Learning Integrated with Multimedia Based on Computer to Improve Responsibility and Students’s Learning Outcomes on Reaction Rate Subject Matter in Senior High School” that

arranged to obtain the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Medan (UNIMED).

In this opportunity, the writer would like to express the greatest thanks to Prof. Dr. Suharta, M.Si as my supervisor, thanks for his valuable time spent in giving guidance, advices and suggestion during the completing process this thesis. The writer are also expresses to Prof.Dr.Albinus Silalahi,M.S, Dr.Zainuddin,M.Si and Drs. Jamalum Purba, M.Si as reviewer counselor for this thesis, thanks for

Department, for their advices and other necessary administrative. Thanks to Dr. Retno Dwi Suyanti as the validator of instrument test in this research. The writer addressed thanks to Dra. Hj. Safrimi, M.Pd as principle of SMA N 2 Medan and thanks to Manasar, S.Pd as chemistry teacher that gives permit, suggestion,

motivation, and big chance to explore my creativity during the research.

Greatfull thanks to God because He gives me the best parents, M. Siahaan and N. Hutahaean and the kinds family. My parents’s words is always motivate me to grow up in my life, their love is still i felt. Thanks to my old brother Palti Siahaan, my old sister Marenta Uli Siahaan, Sondang Pita Lestari Siahaan, and Helena Lammindo Siahaan that always support me in praying and stand beside me in time.

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point your praying. Thanks to my friends in UKM-KP Unimed special to group

of No Name, they are my seniors Fitri Silalahi and Sarah Nainggolan, Raja Hizkia Sitohang, Nelius Harefa. Thanks to Bilingual Chemistry Education’09 especially Sanny Pane, Sansah Sinaga, Amri P. Tambunan, Doni Ferdinan Simanjuntak, Evan Andrean Sembiring, Niko Hefal Fernando, Andri Situmorang,

Eifko Harianja and the other, as our friendship and our caring one to the other. Thanks also to my senior Manase Sidabutar, my friends, Rio Harmoko Simbolon, Aditia Purba, Alex Hutabarat. My juniors, Rades and Giovan Simbolon, Dani and Ida Simbolon, Hiras B.M Hutasoit, Iwan Sipayung, Agung Situmorang, Monika Siahaan, Nestiwi Sitorus, Rohana Munte and Daniel Hutasoit and the others also, thanks for your spirit and your laughing.

Thanks to my big family “IKBKK” community that have been my second home, very nice if remember all the time in that home.

Finally, the writer hopes this thesis would be useful for those who would like to explore more about the learning strategy that suitable to learn rate of reaction, especially to department of chemistry. The writer realizes that thesis is still far from being perfect therefore, critique and suggestion are needed for further improvement of this thesis.

Medan, January 2014 The Writer

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IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING INTEGRATED

WITH MULTIMEDIA BASED ON COMPUTER TO IMPROVE

RESPONSIBILITY AND STUDENT’S LEARNING OUTCOMES ON

REACTION RATE SUBJECT MATTER IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Raja Ihot Siahaan (NIM 409332029)

ABSTRACT

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CONTENT

Page

Ratification Sheet i

Biography ii

Abstract iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of Content v

List of Figure vi

List of Table vii

List of Appendix viii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1.1Background 1

1.2Problem Identification 4

1.3Problem formulation 4

1.4Problem limitation 4

1.5Research objective 5

1.6Benefit of research 5

1.7Operational definition 6

CHAPTER II. LITERATURE STUDY 2.1Theoretical Framework 7

2.1.1 Learning And Learning Outcomes 7

2.1.2 Sense of Responsibility 8

2.1.3 Problem Based Learning strategy 10

2.1.3.1Syntax for Problem Based Learning 12

2.1.4 Direct Instruction Method 13

2.1.5 Media 13

2.1.5.1Useful of Media 15

2.1.5.2Selection of Media 16

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vii

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3.8.1 Normality Test 37

3.8.2 Homogeneity Test 38

3.8.3 Improvement of Learning Outcomes 38

3.9Hypothesis Test 38

CHAPTER IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Instrument to Measure The Accuracy of Instrument 39

4.1.1 Validity of Instrument Test 39

4.1.2 Reliability of Instrument Test 39

4.1.3 Difficulty Index 40

4.1.4 Discrimination Index 40

4.2 Instrument to Measure The Learning Outcomes And Responsibility Sense 40

4.3 Pre-requirement Test of Analyzing Data 43

4.3.1 Test of Normality Data 42

4.3.2 Test of Homogeneity Data 43

4.3.3 Hypothesis Testing 44

4.3.4 The Effectively Learning of Problem Based Learning (PBL) 4.3.5 That Integrated with Multimedia Based on Computer 46

4.4 Discussion 47

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1Conclusion 49

5.2Suggestion 49

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ix

LIST OF FIGURE

Page

Figure 2.1 Edgar Dale’s Experience Cone 14

Figure 2.2 Zero Order 23

Figure 2.3 First Order 24

Figure 2.4 Second Order 24

Figure 2.5 Effective and Ineffective Collision 25

Figure 2.6 Activation Energy 26

Figure 2.7 Manufactured of Ammonia 30

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1 1.1.Background

Chemistry is one of the natural sciences, which plays an important role

and have a significant influence on the development and advancement of

technology. Chemicals widely used in daily life such as food, beverages, clothing

and even industry. The students from high school and even college chemistry

capabilities reinforcements need to be equipped, in order to follow the

development of science and technology development priorities at this time. The

chemistry lesson is one of those subjects that are considered difficult by students,

so that students by themselves need to investigate, growth the curiosity against to

the learning materials. Professional teacher and a good learning model are needed

to support them and carry their mind to the solution based on the problem or the

difficulties to make them investigate and growth the curiosity by themselves, and

also need the media to make them easy to conclude the materials or to see the key

word for the problem.

Based on the function and purpose of national education, it is clear that

education at all levels should be organized systematically to achieve that goal.

This is related to the formation of the character of the students so that they can

compete, ethics, morals, manners, and interact with the community. This suggests

that the quality education students are very important character to be improved

(Sudrajat, 2010). The formation of the character of the students, teachers as

professional educators is needed so that the goal of education attained, the teacher

has the function, role and strategic position in the national development in the

field of education.

Character education is increasingly urgent to implement, given the events

that occur around us. One juvenile delinquency cases that often occur in the world

of National Education is a lack of discipline and lack a sense of responsibility in

the school, such as not making homework, scribbling on the bench, at the

dedication of the flag is not orderly, not dressed, often coming late, do not submit

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this habit is persistent, then the national education goals will be difficult to

materialize. As a civilized nation, such a situation is obviously very unfortunate

for the future of the nation, especially in the birth of the future generation of

intelligent, intellectually, emotionally, spiritually, and socially. In such a context,

there needs to be a serious effort from all parts of the nation to restore the lost

national character.

The problems that right to get attention in many school are the way of

teaching that always constant, that is direct instruction method. In this case, the

student only hear the teacher without action. Only see the teacher was talking and

write in the whiteboard, mean the student do not involve in teaching process, no

spirit in student learning process. The other point in this method is when the

student faced the materials of lesson about calculation, the student will solve by

followed the formula. The matter is if they are asked to solve the other problem

that has a little different from the formula, sure that they will not able to do. It is

caused in the teaching process they do not involve to find out the formula, they do

not know from where that formula coming from. In their memory, the just

remember the general formula and can not to develop that formula to other

problem. Because of that, needed a certain strategy that will be applied when they

face the other problem. The strategy also able to develop their curiosity to the

problem, so the students were involved to identify the problem. The other hand,

for the theoretical matter, needed strategy that make them realize that lesson has

already in around of them, so they will have a memory in a long time. The

uninvolved student in teaching and learning process indicates that the

responsibility sense of student to their self is very warned.

Based on this problem, the researchers offered a solution using two

learning strategies, namely problem-based learning strategy integrated with

computer-based media and the other is using the direct instruction method.

Research conducted by Silvia Budianti (2007) concluded that the usage of

problem based learning method has good effectiveness. The conclusion from

these studies resulted in improved learning outcomes by 29.35% compared to

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Research conducted in the educational journal E.J Wood (2004)

concluded that PBL embraces the principles of good learning and teaching. It is

student-directed (which encourages self-sufficiency and is a preparation for

life-long learning), and promotes active and deep learning. It often includes or

requires peer teaching, which encourages students to digest information so that

they can present it to the group with some degree of authority. But also it taps into

existing knowledge, and this again has to be digested knowledge so that it can be

explained and used confidently.

Besides the right strategy, it needed the support of the media to promote

the spirit of student learning, visualization is one way that can be done to concrete

something abstract. In the era of visualization informatics developed in the form

of moving images (animation) that you can add sound (audio). One of the

interesting media that uses computer media power point with animation. Media

animation is a medium that contains a collection of images are processed in such a

way as to produce motion and comes with audio so memorable life and keep

learning messages.

The subject of reaction rate that is taught in class XI semester I. This

material discusses molarity, rate of reaction, relation reaction rate and coefficient

of reaction, reaction order, factors that affected the rate of reaction, and the

application. Overall the reaction rate material characteristics and understanding of

concepts and descriptions are the usage and application of the formula in his

understanding, so that students are required to solve a given problem. In addition,

teachers are also required to use the media interest in learning. However, most of

the students showed a less satisfactory learning outcomes, teachers are also

difficult to use media interest.

Based on the references obtained, then an effort to improve

responsibility sense, and student’s learning outcomes, the researcher felt, need to

conduct a study entitled “IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM BASED

LEARNING INTEGRATED WITH MULTIMEDIA BASED ON

COMPUTER TO IMPROVE RESPONSIBILITY AND STUDENTS’S

LEARNING OUTCOMES ON REACTION RATE SUBJECT MATTER IN

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1.2. Problem Identification

1.The number of students who are less responsible in the learning.

2.Less than optimal implementation of character education in schools.

3.Lack of student involve in learning process.

4.Difficult lessons students understand abstract concepts.

5.The useless of multimedia in teaching chemistry in schools.

1.3. Problem Formulation

The formulations of problem in this research are:

1. Are there significant higher of student’s learning outcomes that taught by

problem based learning strategy integrated with multimedia based on

computer compared by direct instruction method?

2. Are there significant positive correlation between the improvement

responsibility sense with student’s learning outcomes that taught by

problem based learning strategy integrated with multimedia based on

computer?

3. Are there significant positive correlation between the improvement

responsibility sense with student’s learning outcomes that taught by direct instruction method?

4. How does the effectiveness of student’s learning outcomes using problem

based learning strategy integrated with multimedia based on computer

compared by direct instruction method?

1.4.Research Objective

Based on the formulation of the problem, the objectives of this research

are:

1. To determine whether there are significant higher of student’s learning

outcomes that taught by problem based learning strategy integrated with

multimedia based on computer compared by direct instruction method.

2. To determine whether there are significant positive correlation between the

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taught by problem based learning strategy integrated with multimedia

based on computer.

3. To determine whether there are significant positive correlation between the

improvement responsibility sense with student’s learning outcomes that taught by direct instruction method.

4. To investigate the effectiveness of student’s learning outcomes using

problem based learning strategy integrated with multimedia based on

computer compared by direct instruction method.

1.5. Problem Limitation

Based on the scope of the problem that has been described above, the

extent of the problem in this research includes:

1. This study is limited to the study of chemistry class XI IA SMA Negeri 2

Medan TA 2013/2014 on reaction rate subject matter.

2. This study is limited to the implementation of character education is a

sense of responsibility.

3. Conducted on student learning and serve two groups, where the first group

of students taught by Problem Based Learning strategy, integrated with

multimedia based on computer, and the second group of students taught by

direct instruction method?

4. Multimedia based on computer in this study uses the facilities of Microsoft

Power Point and video.

1.6. Benefit of Research

The benefits of this research are:

1. Generated model of learning which is expected to improve student

learning outcomes.

2. Motivating students to have more responsibility in the learning so that the

learning becomes better.

3. Improving the quality of teaching and learning process to make it more

attractive in an effort to improve student learning outcomes, especially on

reaction rate subject matter.

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1.7. Operational Definition

1. Responsibility is the behavior in taking appropriate and effective decisions

to change one's self which changes the form of knowledge, understanding,

skills, attitudes and values.

2. Learning outcomes is a change in behavior that is obtained after a learning

activity.

3. Problem Based Learning (PBL) is a learning that include of problem

formulation, learning objective, and assessment related to each other.

Problem formulation is the problem/ challenges against to the student.

Critical to the success of the approach is the selection of ill-structured

problems (often interdisciplinary) and a tutor who guides the learning

process and conducts a thorough debriefing at the conclusion of the

learning experience.

4. Direct Instruction method is a method of lecture as a teaching method is

illumination and narrative orally by the teacher to the class.

5. Media is a tool that is used as an intermediary to convey messages and can

stimulate thoughts, feelings and progress of audience (students) so as to

encourage the teaching and learning process.

6. Learning model is the result of the integration between learning strategies

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1. Conclusion

Based on result of research that have done so can gotten some conclusion,

they are:

1. Student’s learning outcomes that taught by Problem Based Learning (PBL)

strategy that integrated with multimedia based on computer is significance

higher than student’s learning outcomes that taught by direct instruction

method.

2. There are significant positive correlation between the improvement

responsibility sense with student’s learning outcomes that taught by problem based learning integrated with multimedia based on computer.

3. There are no significant positive correlation between the improvement

responsibility sense with student’s learning outcomes that taught by direct instruction method

4. Effectiveness of student’s learning outcomes in class that taught by Problem

Based Learning (PBL) strategy that integrated with multimedia based on

computer compared with class that taught by using direct instruction method

on reaction rate subject matter is 11.57%.

5.2. Suggestion

Based on the discussion and conclusion, so researcher suggest below:

1. For teacher expected able to apply Problem Based Learning (PBL)

strategy that integrated with multimedia based on computer in increasing

of student’s chemical learning outcomes

2. For the researcher that want to do the research about Problem Based

Learning (PBL) strategy that integrated with multimedia based on

computer so that notice the weakness in this learning strategy can gotten

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50

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Gambar

Figure 2.1 Edgar Dale’s Experience Cone

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