A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF DERIVATIONAL
PROCESS (SUFFIX)
–
IC AND
–
AL USED IN OXF ORD
LEARNER’S POCKE DICTIONARY
PUBLICATION ARTICLE
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Proposed by
Wahid Sholihatunnisa
A 320090123
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF DERIVATIONAL PROCESS
This research aims at describing the characteristic between suffix –ic and–al and the functions suffix –ic and –al used in Oxford Learner’s pocket Dictionary.
The type of the research is descriptive qualitative. The object of the study is suffix –ic and –al on Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. The data source of this research is Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. In collecting the data the writer uses documentation and the steps are reading, selecting, collecting and re-typing the data. The techniques of analyzing data of this research are identifying the data, classifying and describing the data based on the characteristics, functions and drawing conclusion.
The results of this research are as follows: the characteristics of suffix –ic are followed by noun ended with vowel [a]: 7 data, followed by noun ended with vowel [d]: 2 data, followed by noun, adjective, and verb ended with vowel [e]: 15 data, followed by verb ended with vowel [h]: 2, followed by noun ended with followed by noun ended with vowel [b]: 1 data, followed by noun and adjective ended with vowel [c]: 17 data, followed by noun ended with vowel [d]: 3 data, followed by noun, verb, and adjective ended with vowel [e]: 49 data, followed by noun ended with vowel [h]:, followed by noun ended with vowel [l]: 3 data, 2 data, followed by noun ended with vowel [m]: 1 data, followed by noun ended with vowel [n]: 32 data, followed by noun ended with vowel [r]: 2 data, followed by adjective ended with vowel [s]: 1 data, followed by noun and verb ended with vowel [t]: 27 data, followed by noun and verb ended with vowel [y]: data. The functions are to form noun, verb, and adjective.
A. INTRODUCTION
One of the branch of linguistics is morphology. Matthew (1974:1) argues that
“morphology as the study of form of word”. Besides that morphology is the study of
word formation in a particular language. Bloomfield (in Katamba 1994:11) argues that
“the word is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit that can be used on its own”. It means
that word is the smallest unit of spoken language which has meaning. For example are:
write, book, pencil, bag, etc. The word “write”, “book”, “pencil”, it is cannot be divided
into smaller unit when standing alone and having meaning. It is different with dangerous
which can be divided into smaller unit there are danger- and –us.
A morpheme is the minimal meaningful units. Katamba (1993:24) argues that
morpheme is the smallest differences in the shape of a word that correlates with
the smallest difference in word or sentence meaning or in grammatical structure. It
can be said that morpheme is the smallest unit of form with specific meaning. For
example: development can be divided into two meaningful parts, there are
“develop” and the suffix “ ment ”.Srijono (2006:53) states that “a morphological
process is a process of forming new words by modifying a morphome or
morphemes”. One of the morphological processes is affix. The types of affixes are
prefix, infix and suffix.
The following is an example of derivational process in Oxfrod Learner’s Pocket
Data 1: Academic
morpheme “academy” belongs to noun category, while morpheme “-ic”
is suffix. The addition of suffix “-ic” in the morpheme “academy” is
derivational affix. When they are combined, they change the grammatical
form from noun into adjective category.
B. RESEARCH METHOD
In this chapter the writer describes the research method that is divided into five
parts. They are the type of the research, the object of the research, data and data source,
data collecting method, and the data collecting techniques. The explaination of each
component will be discused futher into wide explanation below.
In this research, the writer uses the descriptive qualitative reseacrh. The writer
collects the data, classifies and analyzes them, then draws the conclusion from the
analyzed the data. The writer takes qualitative research because this study is focused on
classifiying the characteristics and functions of suffix –ic and –al on Oxford Learner’s
The object of this research is the characteristics and functions of suffix –ic and –
al in Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary.
The data in this research are derivational word from Oxford Learner’s Pocket
Dictionary.
The technique collecting of data is documentation with the following steps :
a. Reading the data source is in Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary.
b. Selecting and collecting the derivational words in Oxford Learner’s
Dictionary then collects them.
c. Collecting the affixes, especially suffix –ic and –al in an Oxfor Learner’s
Pocket Dictionary.
d. Re-typing the data taken from Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary.
The technique of data analysis is descriptive qualitative. The steps are as follows:
a. Identifying the data according to derivational process.
b. Classifying the meaning of derivational word the writer employs
derivational process and the meaning the refers to the theory Katamba.
c. Describing the type of morphology theory.
d. Drawing conclusion based on the analysis.
C. RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
In this study, the writer uses three steps. In the first step, the writer gives
the data presentation for the analysis. Then in the second step, the writer classifies
the characteristic of suffix –ic and –al used in Oxford Learner’s Pocket
Dictionary. The third step, the writer identifies the function of suffix –ic and –al
1. Characteristic of suffix –ic and –al used in Oxford Learner’s Pocket
Dictionary
The writer finds 229 data of derivational of suffix –ic and –al in
Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. There are 80 data of suffix –ic and 145
data of suffix –al and 5 data of suffix –ic and –al.
a. Derivational affixes of suffix –ic used in Oxford Learner’s Pocket
Dictionary
The writer finds twelve alphabets that are followed by suffix –ic . There are
7 data followed by vowel [a], 2 data followed by vowel [d], 15 data
followed by vowel [e], 2 data followed by vowel [h], 2 data followed by
vowel [l], 3 data followed by [m], 6 data followed by vowel [n], 3 data
followed by vowel [o], 1 data followed [b].
Agoraphobic =agoraphobia –ic
Derivational affix = noun +affix
adjective
noun suffix
agoraphobia - ic
The word agoraphobic is formed by two morphemes. They are
the base morpheme “agoraphobia” and the bound morpheme “-ic”. The
morpheme “agoraphobia” belongs to noun category, while morpheme
“agoraphobia” is derivational affix. When they are combined, they
change the grammatical form from noun into adjective category.
b. Derivational suffix –al used in Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary.
The writer finds sixteen alphabets that are followed by suffix –al .
There are 4 data followed by vowel [a], 1 data followed by vowel [b], 17
data followed by vowel [c], 3 data followed by vowel [d], 49 data followed
by vowel [e], 2 data followed by vowel [h], 1 data followed by vowel [m],
33 data followed by vowel [n], 2 data followed by vowel [r], 1 data
followed by vowel [s], 27 data followed by vowel [t] and 8 data followed by
vowel [y].
Aural = aura –al
Derivational affix = noun +-al
adjective
noun suffix
aura -al
The word aural is formed by two morphemes. They are the base
morpheme “aura” and the bound morpheme “-al”. The morpheme “aura”
belongs to noun category, while morpheme “-al” is suffix. The addition of
suffix “-al” in the morpheme “aura” is derivational affix. When they are
combined, they change the grammatical form from noun into adjective
2. The function of suffix –ic and al used in Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary
The writers finds some functions of suffix –ic and –al in Oxford Learner’s
Pocket Dictionary. Both suffix –ic and –al can from noun, verb and adjective
categories. Suffix –ic can change the grammatical category from noun into
adjective category and verb into adjective category. However, suffix –al can
change the grammatical category from noun into adjective category, adjective into
noun category, verb into noun category, adverb into adjective category and verb
into adjective category.
1. Noun into adjective category
a. Dyslexic =dyslexia –ic
Derivational affix = noun – affix
adjective
noun suffix
dyslexia - ic
The word dyslexic is formed by two morphemes. They are the base
morpheme “dyslexia” and the bound morpheme “-ic”. The morpheme
“dyslexia” belongs to noun category, while morpheme “-ic” is suffix. The
addition of suffix “-ic” in the morpheme “dyslexia” is derivational affix.
When they are combined, they change the grammatical form from noun
2. Adjective into noun category
a. Optical = optic – al
Derivational affix = adjective + affix
noun
adjective suffix
optic -al
The word optical is formed by two morphemes. They are the base
morpheme “optic” and the bound morpheme “-al”. The morpheme “optic”
belongs to adjective category, while morpheme “-al” is suffix. The addition
of suffix “-al” in the morpheme “optic” is derivational affix. When they are
combined, they change the grammatical form from noun into adjective
D. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
1. Conclusion
In this chapter, the researcher presents conclusion and suggestion of the
research.
Based on the data analysis, finally the writer can draw several conclusions.
The conclusions are described as follows:
The characteristics of suffix –ic are: 1)The base morpheme ended with
vowel [b], [c], [d], [f], [g], [i], [j], [k], [p], [q], [r], [u], [v], [w], [x], [z] cannot be
followed by suffix –ic 2)The base morpheme that ended with vowel [a], [d], [e],
[h], [l], [m], [s], [t], [y] can be followed by suffix –ic, 3)The base morpheme
which often follows the noun is ended with vowel [y]: 20 data, 4)The base
morpheme which seldom follows the verb is ended with vowel [h]: 2 data, and
5)The base morpheme which seldom follows the adjective, noun and verb is
ended with vowel [e]: 1 data.
The functions of suffix –ic used in Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary
there are : 1) It can form noun, verb and adjective 2)It can change the grammatical
category from noun into adjective and verb into adjective.
The functions of suffix –al used in Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary
there are : 1) It can form noun, verb and adjective and 2) It can change the
grammatical category from noun into adjective category, adjective into noun, verb
2. Suggestion
Based on the conclusion from the research finding, there are some
suggestions for readers and other researchers.
a. For the reader, the writer suggests that the reader will be interested to
study and learn about the characteristic and the functions of derivational
affix of suffix –ic and –al used in Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary.
b. For the researcher, the writer suggests that they can study more about
derivational affix, because there are many derivation aspects which are not
analyzed yet. So, the writer expects the other researcher to continue and
analyze with different aspect and data. Thus, this research will be more
