i
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SKILL IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT THROUGH COOPERATIVE LEARNING USING NUMBERED HEADS
TOGETHER (NHT) TECHNIQUE WITH PICTURE SERIES AS THE
TEACHING MEDIA
(A Classroom Action Research at the Tenth Grade of SMAN 1 Sukoharjo in
the 2015/2016 Academic Year)
THESIS
GAGAS RAMBU PAMUNGKAS
K2211036
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
ii
PRONOUNCEMENT
I would like to certify that the thesis entitled “IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SKILL IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT THROUGH COOPERATIVE LEARNING USING NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER
(NHT) TECHNIQUE WITH PICTURE SERIES AS THE TEACHING
MEDIA” (A Classroom Action Research at the Tenth Grade of SMAN 1 Sukoharjo in the 2015/2016 Academic Year) is really my own work. It is not a
product of plagiarism or made by others. Everything related to others’ work is written in quotation, the sources of which are listed on the bibliography.
If then this pronouncement proves wrong, I am ready to receive any
academic punishment including the withdrawal of my academic degree.
Surakarta, November 2017
Gagas Rambu Pamungkas
iii
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SKILL IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
THROUGH COOPERATIVE LEARNING USING NUMBERED HEADS
TOGETHER (NHT) TECHNIQUE WITH PICTURE SERIES AS THE
TEACHING MEDIA
(A Classroom Action Research at the Tenth Grade of SMAN 1 Sukoharjo in
the 2015/2016 Academic Year)
By:
GAGAS RAMBU PAMUNGKAS
K2211036
A Thesis
Submitted to Teacher Training and Education Faculty
of Sebelas Maret University to Fulfill One of the Requirements
for Getting Undergraduate Degree of Education in English
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHIER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
iv
APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS
This thesis is approved by the consultants to be examined by the Board of
Thesis Examiners of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University.
Surakarta, November 2017
First Consultant Second Consultant
Dr. Suparno, M.Pd Ellisa Indriyani Putri Handayani, S.Pd., M.Hum
v
LEGALIZATION
This thesis has been examined by the Board of Thesis Examiners of
Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University and
accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Undergraduate Degree
of Education in English. NIP. 19730205 200604 1 001
2. Secretary:
Hefy Sulistyawati, S.S., M.Pd ( ... ) NIP. 19781208 200112 2 002
3. Examiner I:
Dr. Suparno, M.Pd ( ... ) NIP. 195111 272017 1 001
4. Examiner II:
Ellisa Indriyani P H, S.Pd., M.Hum ( ... ) NIK. 198212 222013 0 201
Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Sebelas Maret University
Dean
Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd
vi MOTTO
“…Janganlah kamu berputus asa dari rahmat Allah,
sesungguhnya tiada
berputus asa dari rahmat Allah melainkan orang-orang yang kafir terhadap
karunia Allah…”
(Q.S Yusuf: 87)
“If there is no struggle, there is no progress”
vii
DEDICATION
This thesis is whole-heartedly dedicated
to my family who always pray and give
support to me:
My beloved parents, Widodo, S.Pd
and Sri Lestari
My older sisters, Yuwida Enggar P,
S.ST and Arruum Linggar O, S.Pd
My younger sisters, Azzahra
Qhoirunissa P R. and Anindya
Salsabila P R.
With love,
viii ABSTRACT
Gagas Rambu Pamungkas K2211036. IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SKILL IN
WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT THROUGH COOPERATIVE
LEARNING USING NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (NHT)
TECHNIQUE WITH PICTURE SERIES AS THE TEACHING MEDIA (A Classroom Action Research at the Tenth Grade of SMAN 1 Sukoharjo in the 2015/2016 Academic Year). Thesis. Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, November 2017.
This thesis is written to: (1) identify how to implement Numbered Heads Together (NHT) technique with picture series as the teaching media in teaching writing, (2) identify the students’ response and the classroom situation after implementing Numbered Heads Together (NHT) technique with Picture Series in writing class, (3) identify whether Numbered Heads Together (NHT) technique
with picture series can improve the students’ skill in writing descriptive text.
The method used in this research is a classroom action research which was conducted in two cycles at the tenth grade of SMA N 1 Sukoharjo. There were 3 meetings in each cycle. The research data were collected by using qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method consisted of observation, field notes, interview, document analysis and documentation. Meanwhile, the technique of collecting data using quantitative method was a test. The qualitative data were analyzed through data collection, data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusion. The quantitative data were analyzed by comparing the mean of the pre-test and the post-test.
The findings of the research show that NHT technique with picture series could be implemented in writing class. The research findings also showed that there were improvements of writing class situation and the students’ writing skill. The improvement of class situation of writing class were: 1) Students pay
attention toward the teacher’s explanation during teaching learning activity; 2) Students were brave to ask about their difficulty,; 3) Students tend to be active learners. 4) Students enjoy and get interested in the classroom situation. Moreover, the improvement of students’ writing skill includes: 1) The students could write descriptive text in good ideas, organization, appropriate vocabulary, appropriate grammar and mechanics; 2) The mean score of the students improved from the pre-test 60.7 to 71.9 in the first post-test and in the second post-test was 79.5.
ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillahirrabil’alamin
All praises be to Allah SWT, the Almighty, for The blessing so that the
writer is finally able to finish this thesis as one of the requirements for achieving
Undergraduate Degree in English Department, Teacher Training and Education
Faculty, Sebelas Maret University. This thesis will have never been completed
without the assistance of many people. The writer would like to express his
greatest gratitude and respect to the following:
1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University.
2. The Head of English Education Department, who has given the writer
permission to write the thesis and guidance during the writer’s study. 3. Dr. Suparno, M.Pd as the first consultant for all his time to read in details
the thesis drafts, his guidance, advice, critical comments, and patience of
every step in the process from the very beginning of the project until the
end.
4. Ellisa Indriyani Putri Handayani, S.Pd., M.Hum as the second consultant
for all her time to read in details the thesis drafts, her guidance, advice,
critical comments, and patience of every step in the process from the very
beginning of the project until the end.
5. All the lecturers of English Education Department for countless
knowledge and inspiration during the study.
6. Drs. Sutarsono, the English teacher who helped the writer during the
research process, and the students of X IIS 1 of SMA N 1 Sukoharjo
2015/2016, for their cooperation during the research.
7. Special thanks are given to Nurvita Puput Kurniasih, S.Pd for all her time
to help, love, support during the writer’s project, and cheer up when he is down.
8. All his friends of English Education Department, especially in the Class A
x
who have given their care, help, suggestions, laughing, and also for the
support all the time.
9. His families, friends, and all the parties who are impossible to mention one
by one, thanks for their support, prayer, help, and others that they give to
the writer.
The writer realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect, so that he
expects comments and suggestion for improvement. Hopefully, this thesis will be
useful for the readers.
Surakarta, November 2017
xi
xii
H. Action Hypothesis ………. ... 31
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Place and Time of the Research ... 32
B. The Subject of the Research ... 33
C. The Method of the Research ... 33
D. The Procedure of Action Research ... 36
E. The Technique of Collecting Data ... 37
F. The Technique of Analyzing Data ... 41
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Identifying the Problems ... 43
B. Implementing the Action Research ... 47
C. Research Findings and Discussion ... 65
CHAPTER V: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Conclusion ... 78
B. Implication ... 80
C. Suggestion ... 81
REFERENCES ... 83
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Composition for Scoring Writing ... 15
Table 2.2 The Maximum Score each Writing Aspects ... 16
Table 3.1 The Activities and Time of research ... 33
Table 3.2 Techniques of Data Collection ... 38
Table 4.1 Students’ Pre-test Score ... 44
Table 4.2 Students’ Average Pre-test Scores in Writing Aspects ... 45
Table 4.3 Summary of the Observation in Cycle I ... 53
Table 4.4 Students’ Average Score of Cycle I ... 55
Table 4.5 Students’ Average Score in each Writing Aspect of Cycle I ... 55
Table 4.6 Summary of the Observation in Cycle II ... 62
Table 4.7 Students’ Average Score of Cycle II ... 63
Table 4.8 Students’ Average Score in each Writing Aspect of Cycle II ... 64
Table 4.9 Improvement of Students’ Learning and Achievement ... 65
Table 4.10 The Students’ Improvement in Writing Aspects ... 75
xiv IST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Pre-Research Observation and Analysis ... 87
Appendix 2: Pre-Test ... 94
Appendix 3: Sample of Students’ Pre-Test ... 95
Appendix 4: Students’ Pre-Test Score ... 98
Appendix 5: Teacher’s Pre-Research Interview Transcript ... 101
Appendix 6: Students’ Pre-Research Interview Script ... 104
Appendix 7: Lesson Plan Cycle 1 ... 108
Appendix 8: Sample of Students’ Worksheet ... 127
Appendix 9: Post-Test 1 ... 130
Appendix 10: Sample of Students’ Post-Test 1 ... 134
Appendix 11: Students’ Score of Post Test I ... 137
Appendix 12: The Field Note of Cycle I ... 140
Appendix 13: Lesson Plan Cycle 2 ... 145
Appendix 14: Post-Test 2 ... 164
Appendix 15: Sample of Students’ Post-Test 2 ... 168
Appendix 16: Students’ Score of Post Test 2 ... 171
Appendix 17: The Field Note of Cycle 2 ... 175
Appendix 18: Students’ Interview Transcript after Action Research ... 180
Appendix 19: The Improvement of Students’ Score... 183
Appendix 20: List of Students’ Name ... 184
Appendix 21: Documentation ... 185
