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Modul ke: Fakultas Program Studi Pasca Sarjana Magister Manajemen

Dr. Dewi Nusraningrum, S.Sos, M.Si.

Distinctive Strategic Management

• Nature of Strategic Management • Stages of Strategic Management • Internal and External Assessment • Strategic Management Model

(2)

Capaian Pembelajaran

Mahasiswa menguasai Teori

Distinctive Strategic Management

serta mampu menganalisis

pengaruhnya dan mengaplikasikan

terhadap Organisasi

(3)

Referensi Utama

1. Wheelen, Thomas L. and Hunger, J. David (2010),

Strategy Management and Business Policy, Twelfth Edition.

2. Fred , David R.(2010),

Strategic Management Concepts and Cases, Thirteen Edition.

3. Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2013),

Strategic Management Consepts and Cases, Prentice Hall

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Tambahan Referensi

1. Triton, PB (2007) . Manajemen Strategis.

Terapan Perusahaan dan Bisnis. Penerbit Tugu. Jogjakarta.

2. Gaspersz, Vincent (2012). All in One Strategic Management. 20 Concepts, Models and Key Analyses in Strategic Management. Penerbit Vinchristo Publication. Bogor

3. Umar, Husein (2005). Strategic Management in Action. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama

4. Kadir, Abdul Wahab Abdoel (2007). Manajemen Strategik. Pramita Press, Banten.

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Sub bahasan 1:

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Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall Ch 1 -6

Peter Drucker

: --

Think through the

overall mission of a business. Ask the

key question: “

What is our Business?”

Prime Task of

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Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall Ch 1 -7

Proses manajemen strategis mencoba

untuk mengatur informasi kuantitatif dan

kualitatif dalam kondisi ketidakpastian.

Integrating

Intuition

and

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Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall Ch 1 -8

Intuisi berdasarkan:

– Pengalaman masa lalu

– Pertimbangan

– Perasaan

Integrating

Intuition

and

Analysis

Intuisi bermanfaat untuk pembuatan keputusan:

‰ Kondisi ketidakpastian yang besar ‰ Kondisi dengan sedikit preseden

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Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall Ch 1 -9

Melibatkan semua level manajemen

Intuisi & Pertimbangan

Mempengaruhi semua analisis

Integrating

Intuition

&

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Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall Ch 1 -10

Berpikir Analitik

Integrating

Intuition

&

Analysis

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Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall Ch 1 -11

Organisasi harus memonitor peristiwa

• Proses yang sedang berjalan

• Peristiwa Internal dan eksternal

• Perubahan waktu

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Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall Ch 1 -12

“Anything that a firm does especially

well compared to rival firms”

Strategic Management is

Gaining and Maintaining

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Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall Ch 1 -13

1. Beradaptasi dengan perubahan tren eksternal, kapabilitas internal dan sumber daya

Achieving

Sustained

Competitive Advantage

2. Merumuskan, melaksanakan & mengevaluasi strategi secara efektif

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Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall Ch 1 -14

Tingkat dan besarnya perubahan

meningkat secara dramatis

Adapting to Change

E-commerce Demographics

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Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall Ch 1 -15

A

daptasi efektif

Adapting to Change

Membutuhkan fokus jangka panjang

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Sub bahasan 2:

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Stages of Strategic

Management

Strategy

formulation

implementation

Strategy

Strategy

evaluation

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Copyright ©2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

(18)

Stages of Strategic

Management

Strategy formulation

– termasuk mengembangkan visi dan misi,

mengidentifikasi peluang eksternal organisasi dan ancaman, menentukan kekuatan dan kelemahan internal, menetapkan tujuan jangka panjang,

menghasilkan strategi alternatif, dan memilih strategi tertentu untuk mengejar

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Copyright ©2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

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Strategy Formulation

• Memutuskan bisnis baru apa yang perlu untuk masuk,

Bisnis apa yang perlu ditinggalkan,

• Bagaimana mengalokasikan sumber daya,

Apakah untuk memperluas operasi atau diversifikasi, • Apakah untuk memasuki pasar internasional,

Apakah untuk bergabung atau membentuk usaha

patungan,

Bagaimana menghindari pengambilalihan musuh

pesaing.

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Copyright ©2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

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Stages of Strategic

Management

Strategy implementation

– membutuhkan perusahaan untuk menetapkan

tujuan tahunan, menyusun kebijakan, memotivasi karyawan, dan mengalokasikan sumber daya

sehingga strategi yang dirumuskan dapat dilaksanakan

– sering disebut aksi panggung

1-20

Copyright ©2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

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Stages of Strategic

Management

Strategy evaluation

– meninjau faktor eksternal dan internal yang merupakan dasar untuk strategi saat ini,

mengukur kinerja, dan mengambil tindakan korektif

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Copyright ©2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

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Stages of Strategic

Management

Formulasi strategi, implementasi, dan evaluasi

kegiatan terjadi pada tiga tingkat hirarki dalam

organisasi besar: perusahaan, divisi dan unit

bisnis strategis, dan fungsional

Manajemen strategis membantu fungsi

perusahaan sebagai tim yang kompetitif

1-22

Copyright ©2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

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Sub bahasan 3:

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 4 -24

The biggest levers you’ve got to change a

company are strategy, structure, and culture. If I could pick two, I’d pick strategy and culture. –

Wayne Leonard, CEO, Entergy

Internal Assessment

Weak leadership can wreck the soundest strategy. –

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 4 -25

The Nature of an Internal

Audit

-- Strengths -- Weaknesses

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 4 -26

Internal strengths/weaknesses

External opportunities/threats

Clear statement of mission

Nature of an Internal Audit

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 4 -27

Key Internal Forces

Functional Business Areas:

ƒ

Vary by organization

ƒ

Divisions have differing strengths & weaknesses

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 4 -28

Key Internal Forces

Distinctive Competencies:

ƒ

Kekuatan perusahaan yang tidak dapat dengan mudah dicocokkan atau ditiru

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 4 -29

Key Internal Forces

Distinctive Competencies:

ƒ

Membangun keunggulan kompetitif

melibatkan mengambil keuntungan dari kompetensi khas/unik

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 4 -30

Key Internal Forces

Distinctive Competencies:

ƒ

Strategi yang dirancang untuk

memperbaiki kelemahan perusahaan dan beralih ke kekuatan

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 4 -31

Internal Audit

Information from:

ManagementMarketingFinance/accountingProduction/operations

Research & Development

Management information Systems

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 4 -32

Internal Audit

Keterlibatan dalam melakukan audit strategis manajemen internal

menyediakan kendaraan untuk

memahami secara alami dan pengaruh keputusan di bidang bisnis fungsional lainnya dari perusahaan

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 4 -33

Internal Audit

Koordinasi dan pemahaman di antara para manajer dari semua bidang

fungsional

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 4 -34

Internal Audit

Jumlah dan kompleksitas meningkat relatif terhadap ukuran organisasi

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 4 -35

Internal Audit

Mencontohkan kompleksitas hubungan antar bidang fungsional bisnis

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -36

It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most

responsive to change. –

Charles Darwin

External Assessment

Nothing focuses the mind better than the constant sight of a competitor who wants to wipe you off the map. –

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -37

External Strategic

Management Audit

-- Environmental Scanning

-- Industry Analysis

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -38

Identify & Evaluate factors beyond the

control of a single firm

Increased foreign competition

Population shifts

Information technology

External Strategic

Management Audit

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -39

Purpose of External Audit

Identify

Opportunities

Threats

External Strategic

Management Audit

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -40

Key External Forces

Economic forces

Social, cultural, demographic &

environmental forces

Political, governmental & legal forces

Technological forces

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -41 Competitors Suppliers Distributors Creditors Customers Employees Communities Managers Stockholders Labor Unions

Special Interest Groups Products Services Key External Forces Opportunities & Threats

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -42

Gather competitive intelligence –

Social

Cultural

Demographic

Environmental

Economic

Political, legal governmental

Technological

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -43

External Audit – Sources of

Information

Internet

Libraries

Suppliers

Distributors

Customers

Competition

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -44

Performing External Audit

-- Key Factors

Vary over time

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -45

Performing External Audit

--Variables

Market share

Breadth of competing products

World economies

Foreign affiliates

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -46

Performing External Audit

--Variables

Price competitiveness

Technological advancements

Interest rates

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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -47

Performing External Audit

External Factors Measurable Long-term orientation Applicable to competing firms Hierarchical

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Sub bahasan 4:

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Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall Ch 1 -49 External Audit Chapter 3 Internal Audit Chapter 4 Long-Term Objectives Chapter 5 Generate, Evaluate, Select Strategies Chapter 6 Implement Strategies: Mgmt Issues Chapter 7 Implement Strategies: Marketing, Fin/Acct, R&D, CIS Chapter 8 Measure & Evaluate Performance Chapter 9 Vision & Mission Chapter 2

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Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall Ch 1 -50

‰Dynamic & Continuous

‰More formal in larger organizations

Strategic Management Model

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Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall Ch 1 -51

1. Identify Existing

--Strategic Management Model

Vision

Mission

Objectives

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Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall Ch 1 -52

2. Audit lingkungan eksternal

3. Audit lingkungan internal

4. Menetapkan tujuan jangka panjang

5. Menghasilkan, mengevaluasi dan memilih

strategi

6. Menerapkan strategi yang dipilih

7. Mengukur & mengevaluasi kinerja

Strategic Management Model

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Terima Kasih

Referensi

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