A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING

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A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING IN NOVEL “DIVORTIARE” BY IKA NATASSA

BY :

ZULFIKAR HANAFI REG NO. 060705009

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS

MEDAN 2010

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, the writer want to thank to the One and Only, his Almighty God, Allah SWT for everything God give him, health, strength and ability to finish this thesis. For every bless and for every answered prayer.

Secondly, the writer want to say thank you very much to the Head of English Department, Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M. Hum., who also his academic advisor, and the secretary of English Department, Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M. Hum., who have given the writer an opportunity and support to finish this thesis. The writer also very thankful to my great supervisor, Drs. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H,M.A and his co- supervisor, Drs. Muhammad Syafi’ie Siregar, M.A who have given their time to teach and guide the writer so that he can finish this thesis. All your advice and motivations you have given to him are so precious and useful for his improvement. The writer’s thank to Bang Syamsul Khairsyam as the administrator staff of English Department for all of his help and contribution in finishing the administration matters.

Especially, the writer would like to give his special thanks to his beloved parents, his father, Anwir Bey, and his mother Happy Muchtar. Pa, Ma, thank you so much for your unconditional love, support, motivation, pray, either moral or material.

The writer also would like to thanks to his friends, 06 batch, especially for Mustakim, Tesen Siregar, and Disty, thank you so much for your help in completing this thesis and for all who has help the writer in finishing this thesis that the writer can not mention one by one.

Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Special thanks and appreciation to Riri Anisanti,S.kom who always ready to help the writer in finishing his thesis. Thank you for motivation and laugh that we share, for the great moments, and unforgettable memories during this 7 years.

Finally, the writer realizes there are still many weaknesses in this thesis.

However he hopes this thesis can give some contributions to the others. The writer waiting for critics that help him to be better in the future.

Medan, July 2010 The Writer

Zulfikar Hanafi Reg.No 060705009

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : Zulfikar Hanafi Reg.No : 060705009

Title : A Brief Description of Code Switching and Code Mixing in Novel Divortiare by Ika Natassa.

Qualification : S – 1 / Sarjana Sastra Department : English Literature

I am willing that my thesis should be available for reproduction at the discretion on the library of English Department Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Medan, July 20, 2010 As signed hereby,

Zulfikar Hanafi

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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY OF

SARJANA’S THESIS

The undersigned,

Name : Zulfikar Hanafi Reg. Number : 060705009 Study Program : English Literature Faculty : Faculty of Letters

I declare that this thesis is original research undertaken for the English Literature Department, Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara. All theories and findings which are not my own have been acknowledged in the text.

Result and analysis in the thesis is my own original works and have not been submitted for any degree in this university or any other universities.

If later, it can be revealed that this sarjana’s thesis contains plagiarism of other’s intellectual work of any kind, I would readily accept the sanctions established by the university on this matter.

Medan, July 20, 2010 As signed hereby,

Zulfikar Hanafi

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ABSTRAK

Skripsi yang berjudul A Brief Description of Code Switching and Code Mixing in Novel Divortiare by Ika Natassa ini, berisi kajian sosiolinguistik yang menyangkut peristiwa alih kode (code switching) dan peristiwa campur kode (code mixing) yang mengaplikasikan dua pemilihan bahasa (language choice) dalam novel tersebut. Penulis mengkaji lima tipe alih kode dan tiga peristiwa campur kode berdasarkan teori Blomfield dan John.J Gumperz. Kemudian Kedelapan tipe ini ditentukan berdasarkan klasifikasinya masing-masing, setelah itu penulis menentukan tipe yang dominan diantara kedelapan tipe tersebut berdasarkan data yang diperoleh. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan dan dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif, yakni dengan menggunakan rumus yang dikembangkan oleh Bungin (2005:40-41). Berdasarkan rumus ini ada beberapa langkah yang dilakukan dalam mengolah dan menganalisis data, yakni dengan mengumpulkan semua data berdasarkan sumber data dari bab-bab yang telah dipilih dalam novel, kemudian data tersebut diklasifikasikan menurut tipenya masing-masing, setelah itu mengidentifikasi data atau melakukan pengkategorian data dan memberikan penjelasan singkat dari analisis setiap data. Hasil analisis ditampilkan dalam bentuk angka/persentase dan dalam bentuk tabel serta grafik. Analisis difokuskan pada tipe peristiwa alih kode dan campur kode dan menemukan aplikasi kedua peristiwa pemilihan bahasa ini berdasarkan bab-bab yang telah dipilih secara acak dalam novel. Berdasarkan dari analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa penulis novel Divortiare, Ika Natassa menggunakan bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris dalam novelnya,ada 5 tipe peralihan bahasa dan 3 tipe pencampuran bahasa yang terdapat dalam novel ini,jenis peristiwa alih kode (code switching) yang paling dominan adalah proses inter sentential code switching dengan 30 kasus atau 40,50%, sedangkan untuk peristiwa campur kode (code mixing), jenis peristiwa campur kode yang paling dominan adalah code mixing dengan total 30 kasus atau 68,18%.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...………. i

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY………...………….. iii

ABSTRACT ………... iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS………… ……… vi

LIST OF TABLE………. vii

LIST OF GRAPHICS………. viii

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Analysis …….…………...……. 1

1.2 Scope of Analysis …….………... 8

1.3 Problems of Analysis ………..… 8

1.4 Objectives of Analysis ……….... 9

1.5 Review of Related Literature ………... 9

1.6 Significances of the Analysis………... 10

CHAPTER II : THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 Sociolinguistics ……….. 11

2.1.1 The Study of Sociolinguistic..………..… 11

2.1.2 Relationship Between Language and Society.. 14

2.1.3 Speech Community (Masyarakat Bahasa)…... 15

2.1.4 Bilingualism and Multilingualism……… 17

2.1.5 Diglossia (Diglosia)………..……… 18

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2.1.6 Code………...……….. 20 2.2. Code Switching and Code Mixing.………….. 23

CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Method ………..……… 33 3.2 Data Collecting Method…….……… 33 3.3 Method of Analysis Data……… 34

CHAPTER IV : FINDING AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Analysis of Data……….……… 35 4.2 The Types of Code Switching and Code Mixing found in novel “Divortiare” by Ika Natassa.……… 77 4.3 The Frequency of Code Switching and Code Mixing of Each Chapter (twelve selected chapters) in Table and Diagram Form……… 78

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion ………. 88 5.2 Suggestion ………. 89

BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1 The Frequency of Code Switching in the Conversations found in twelve selected chapters in novel Divortiare by Ika Natassa………... 78 Table 4.2 The Frequency of Code Mixing in the Conversations found in twelve selected chapters in novel Divortiare by Ika Natassa ………... 79 Table 5.1 Process Type of Code Switching and Code Mixing in novel

“Divortiare” ………...……… 88

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LIST OF GRAPHICS

Graphic 4.1 Total Number of Code Switching and Code Mixing found in Chapter 1 “Insomnus“………..80 Graphic 4.2 Total Number of Code Switching and Code Mixing found in Chapter 2 “Noli Me Tangere“………..81 Graphic 4.3 Total Number of Code Switching and Code Mixing found in Chapter 5 “Meminerunt Omnia Amantes”………. 81 Graphic 4.4 Total Number of Code Switching and Code Mixing found in Chapter 9 “Nunc Scio Quid Sit Amor”………82 Graphic 4.5 Total Number of Code Switching and Code Mixing found in Chapter 10 “Verbum Satienti”……….82 Graphic 4.6Total Number of Code Switching and Code Mixing found in Chapter 11“Prima Facie”……….83 Graphic 4.7 Total Number of Code Switching and Code Mixing found in Chapter 12 “Ab Imo Pectore”………83 Graphic 4.8 Total Number of Code Switching and Code Mixing found in Chapter 14 “Visum et Repertum”………84 Graphic 4.9 Total Number of Code Switching and Code Mixing found in Chapter 15 “Amantes Sunt Amantes”………. 84 Graphic 4.10 Total Number of Code Switching and Code Mixing found in Chapter 16 “Ad Oculos”………85 Graphic 4.11 Total Number of Code Switching and Code Mixing found in Chapter 18 “Cum Tacent, Clamant”………..85 Graphic 4.12 Total Number of Code Switching and Code Mixing found in Chapter 19 “Amor Animi Arbitrio”………86