Chapter Four Finding and Discussion
This section presented the findings and discussions of this research. This section gave the answer about two research questions. The first research question is “what are the error types made by the students in using subject-verb agreement
at LTC UMY?”. The second research question is “what are the error quantities made by the students in using subject-verb agreement at LTC UMY?” Then, the researcher discussed general finding of data.
The Errors of Subject-Verb Agreement Found in Essay Writing at LTC of UMY
The researcher would classified the subject-verb agreement error production into four classification which were four types of error. Accoding to Ellis (2003), there were four error types, addition, misformation, misordering and omission. This reseach found all error types in the data analysis. Furthermore, it will explain more datails about the finding where also answering the first research question about error type that found in essay writing class in using subject-verb agreement at LTC of UMY.
Misformations. Misformation describes the wrong form of grammatical structure in the utterance. Ellis (2003) asserted misformation is the use of the wrong form in the morpheme or structure for example, the dog ated the chicken (p. 56). Then, the misformation sentences made by the students in writing were displayed in table below. From the analysis, it concluded that the variation from misformation error was five variations. The variations were misformation of verb (V), auxiliary verb (Aux), noun (N), subject (S), and preposition (Prep).
Table 5.
Error Types Misformation
No. The Error Sentences The Correct Sentences Variation 1 We can checked-in at 1 AM
because my ...
We could check in at 1 a.m.
because my … V
2 You can became friend with them.
You could become their friend.
V 3 It is not interrupted by a
public.
The public does not interrupt it.
V 4 I was just know when BoA
...
I just knew when BoA ... V 5 I go travel and need
something to store.
I go travelling and need something to store.
V 6 they sell makes Dandangan
to be unique tradition.
They sell Dandangan as a unique tradition.
V 7 I practice now until, I still
cant ...
I have been practicing until now, but I still cannot … V 8 We even couldn't to found
it.
We could not find it. V 9 It produce is clean. The production is clean. V 10 It to help them supporting
their activities from ...
It helps them to support their activities from ...
V 11 It is not to interrupted by a
public.
The public does not interrupt it.
V 12 I can borrowed my sister's
clothes.
I can borrow my sister’s clothes.
V 13 I would also meeting some
new friends.
I would also meet some new friends.
14 I studying now, I love to get knowledge.
I am now studying. I love to gain knowledge.
V 15 I forever thankful for God
for everything I ...
I thank God for everything that I ...
V 16 I always seeing people talk
about drawing ...
I always see people talking about drawing ...
V
I took social studies, so that our main ...
V 19 I did looked strange because
I keep puking.
I looked strange because I keep puking.
V 20 I standing on. Surprisingly,
we weren't the ...
I stood on. Surprisingly, we weren't the ...
finally admitted ...
I went home, and I finally
admitted … V
23 I liking to explore Lombok and Jogjakarta as ...
I like to explore Lombok and
Yogyakarta as … V
I need to know the biggest
hill in … V
We can see various sizes of turtles.
V 30 We can found any restaurant
there.
We can find many restaurants there.
V 31 We can explained from the
paints.
We can explain from the paints.
V 32 We can makes our
nationalism increase to more ...
We can make our
nationalism increase to more ...
V
33 We cannot recognited them easily.
We cannot easily recognize them.
V 34 We will pass the automatic
gate and ...
We will passed the automatic gate and ...
35 You allowed to joins some student activities that ...
You are allowed to join some student activities that ...
V 39 They have loyal. Nature
strong bond with ...
They are loyal. Nature is the the strong bond with ...
V 40 They may be gets their
reasons and goals.
They may get their reasons and goals.
V 41 They always says that they
want Zedva.
They always say that they want Zedva. 43 She that used to protected
me, care for ...
She used to protect me, and care for ... 45 She wouldn't dissapointed
me and make ...
She would not disappoint me
and make … V
46 She need two minutes to go ...
She needs two minutes to go ...
V 47 He to enter the haunted
house, he always screamed.
he entered the haunted house, he always screamed.
V 48 He enter my room and
meowing in my ear.
He entered my room, and meowed in my ear.
V 49 He know at that time ... He knew at that time ... V 50 He cruel to animals then he
will did ...
He is cruel to animals then will do ...
He smiled even though his manager said ...
V 54 He make his own lyrics to
their songs and ...
57 He like to biting people when someone pet him.
He likes biting people when they pet him.
V 58 He want you to pet him. He wants you to pet him. V 59 He look happy when he meet
with his ...
He looks happy when he
meets …. V
60 He set on a journey for Hajj pilgrimage.
He sets on a journey for having Hajj pilgrimage.
V 61 It produce is clean. Plus, my
phone has fascinatin.
It produces clean plus my phone has fascinated.
V 62 It help them supporting their
activities ...
It helps them to support their activities ... 64 It hide a vegetable garden
behind it.
It hides a vegetable garden behind it.
V 65 It wear a bandanna. It wears a bandanna. V 66 It become a memorial park. It becomes a memorial park. V 67 It call pop r&b. It is called pop R & B. V 68 It still didn't helped because
she ...
It was not helpful because she ...
V 69 It like a consersation, fights,
drama, etc.
It is like a concentration, fight, drama, etc.
V 70 It great because Samsung
adding a faster fingerscan.
It is great because Samsung adds a faster finger scan.
V willingness to ...
V
73 It can burnt. It can burn. V
74 It should became our heaven and differ in the athmosphere.
It should become our heaven and differ the athmosphere.
V 75 It become a place that so
comfortable to read.
It becomes a comfortable place to read.
V 76 It scramble inside by the
window every morning.
It scarmbles inside the window every morning.
79 It can made light material. It can make the light material.
V 80 It deserve to be called as the
greatest ...
It deserves to be called as the
greatest ….. V
81 It become important and meaningful.
It becomes important and meaningful.
V 82 It become the conductor for
the electricy.
It becomes the conductor of electricity.
V 83 It can called “perogi”. It can be called “perogi”. V 84 It can called E-sports which
means ...
It can be called E-sports which means ... 87 It crush everything in its
path.
It chrushes everything in its path.
V 88 It become winner. It becomes the winner. V 89 It have different ability and
skill.
It has different abilities and skills.
V 90 He training for 5 years at his
agency.
He has been training for 5 years at his agency.
V
I enjoy playing games in my space.
V 93 It help supporting activities
them.
It helps to support their activities.
V 94 It all were surprise. It was sweet surprise. V 95 It come should as no surprise
to me.
It should not come a surprise to me. 98 I using eye-catching
headwear.
I use eye-catching headwear. V 99 I be addicted more and more
into Onmyouji.
I am more and more addicted to Onmyouji.
V
101 I will just to my parent to 103 I looking at the land beneath
me.
I look at the land beneath me. V 104 I eating fried chicken. I eat fried chicken. V 105 We finish this tour. But,
unfortunately ...
We finished this tour, but
unfortunately … V
106 We becoming closer, we may see many similarities.
We become closer because we may have similarities.
V 107 We locating on the surface of
the water ...
We located on the surface of the water ...
V 108 We choosen some activities
in water such ...
We chose some water
activities such as …. V 109 You advice and who defends
you in your ...
You advise and who defends you in your ...
V 110 You decides the might study
program.
You decide the study program.
V 111 You to notes what they write. You note what they write. V 112 You to provide a lot of
money because ...
You provide a lot of money because ...
V 113 They to become a student at
...
They become students at … V 114 They look, dressed, and
behave.
They look, dress, and behave. V 115 They success to stole a secret
gun from Victor.
They succeed to steal a secret gun from Victor.
V 116 It until i forgot to do
anything.
Until I forgot doing anything
… V
121 It go surrounding. They always say ...
It goes surrounding. They always say...
123 I written many times. I write many times. V 124 It is two bedroom, which are
...
It has two bedrooms which are ...
having much passion.
I have seen three countries that have great desires.
V
provided by their owner.
It has already been provided by the owner.
Aux
132 I lazy to go out. I am lazy to go out. Aux
133 I am immediately pulled over to dry reef and ...
I was immediately pulled over to dry reef and ...
Aux 134 I am taken outside while my
parents stopped a ...
I was taken outside while my parents stopped a ...
Aux 140 It can recommended. Why?
College not always ...
It can be recommended because college is not always …
Aux
141 It have located in Pecatu, Uluwatu, South Kuta.
It is located in Pecatu, Uluwatu, South Kuta.
Aux 142 It have provided with many
stop contacts, lcds, and ...
It is provided with many electrical sockets, LCDs, and …
Aux
143 She has eyeballs is just like the other ...
144 It have name Sukarman. But people ...
His name is Sukarman, but
people … Aux
145 I afraid that people would be triggered with ...
I am afraid that people would be triggered with ...
Aux 146 It are Indonesia, USA, and
Japan.
They are Indonesia, the USA, and Japan.
S 147 It enjoy the exotism of Bali! We can enjoy exoticism of
Bali.
S 148 It name chef Aiko. But
people
Her name is Chef Aiko, but
people … S
149 They to intonation in their language Indonesia.
Their intonation is Indonesian language.
S
150 It will he off. It will be off. S
151 She has eyeballs is just like the other ...
Her eyeballs are like other … S
152 It have name Sukarman. But people ...
His name is Sukarman, but
people … S
153 It is two bedroom, which are ...
It has two bedrooms which are ...
N 154 He start to sell satay. He starts to sell sate. N 155 I had seeing 3 country that
having much passion.
I have seen three countries that have great desires.
N 156 I was a kids to had a good ... I was a kid to have a good ... N 157 I was seventeen and my
brother was nineteen.
When I was seventeen years old, my brother was nineteen years old.
N
158 I was seventeen. I was seventeen years old. N 159 It mean the human brain is
no longer ...
It means the human’s brain is no longer ...
Poss Pro
for EFL learners in making sentences. The other finding was about the
misformation of auxiliary verb. Misformation sentences on auxiliary verb also happened when the students write a sentences in essay. The students chose uncorrect auxiliary verb that should be agree with the subject. On the other hand, the students also chose uncorrect subject on a sentences. It is because the students still influenced by Bahasa Indonesia as the first language, instead of used
possesive adjective the students used subject. Here, implied that the students overgeneralization the rules of sentences making in Bahasa Indonesia as first language and English as target language. Moreover, the students also choose uncorrect of noun, the students did not put (s) after the plural phrase of countable noun. At last, the students also misformation on possesive pronoun. The students did not use the possesive pronoun in a noun phrase. Thus, the evidence proved that misformation sentences happened in writing based on the finding of the research which was supported by the statements mentioned above.
Omission. The table below presented the findings that include in omission errors. Omission errors occurs when there is an article vanishing in the sentence by students (Ellis, 2003). From the analysis, it concluded that the variation from omission errors also were five variations. The variation were omission of verb (V), auxiliary verb (Aux), article (A), subject (S) and conjunction (Conj). Table 6.
Error Types Omission
No. The Error Sentences The Correct Sentences Variation
1 I never done. I have never done. V
2 it name chef Aiko. But people ...
Her name is Chef Aiko, but
3 I (-) this library .... I have this library... V 4 I (-) kind of doomed. I am kind of doomed. V 5 I SUGA (-) his stage name in
BTS.
I suga is his stage name in BTS.
V 6 I (-)Sate Petir Pak Nano. I eat sate petir Pak Nano. V 7 I (-) if they are can ... I will vote if they can ... V 8 I really (-) my Minnions ... I really love Minnions. V 9 I am gonna (-) you all about
my cat.
I am going to tell you about my cat.
V 10 I used to (-) television when
my age was ...
I used to watch television
when I was … V
11 It (-) always salty. It is always salty. V 12 I really really (-) time to give
my love.
I really need the time to give my love.
V 13 I just (-) the songs that i really
really ...
I just really want to sing the songs.
V 14 I really really (-) it. I really like it. V 15 I will just (-) ice cream. I will just have an ice cream. V 16 I just can (-) 3 pieces of
clothes because ...
I just can eat 3 pieces of clothes because ...
V 17 I must (-) the fact that I need
...
I must have the fact that I need.
V 18 We can (-) holiday in Bali
because my father ...
We can go to Bali for our
holiday because my father … V 19 We (-) breakfast, we went to
Tanjung Benoa.
After we had breakfast, we went to Tanjung Benoa.
V 20 We (-) to the water. We jump to the water. V
21 We (-) for help. We ask for help. V
22 We (-) in elementary school. We were at elementary school.
V
23 We (-) their life. We have their life. V
25 We (-) around that place, we ate in ...
We go around that place, and
we ate in … V
26 We never (-) about ... We never talk about... V 27 We (-) about the view. We saw the view. V
28 You (-) no matter. You have no matter. V
29 You (-) about public speaking.
You will have a public speaking.
V 30 You (-) in your absence. You write on your absence. V 31 You will (-) Mt. Merapi. You will come to Merapi
mountain.
V
32 You (-) something. You have something. V
33 You (-) relax. You are relax. V
34 You (-) best music to clear your mind.
You have the best music to clear your mind.
V 35 You (-) part of it. Its teach
you how ...
You become a part of it. It
teaches you … V
36 You (-) in the class, you also learned ...
You are in the class. You also learn ..
V
37 You (-) happy. You are happy. V
38 You (-) down. You are down. V
39 You (-) happy. Solo the unique city of java.
You are happy. Solo is the unique city in Java.
V 40 You (-) for the rest of your
life.
You live for the rest of your life.
V 41 You guys (-) Bali, dont forget
to drop ...
you are in Bali, do not forget to drop by ..
V
42 They (-) graduate. They are graduated. V
43 They (-) angry, even sometime we don't ...
They are angry, even sometime we don't ...
V 44 They (-) angry for. And they
are a sleepyhead ...
They are angry for. And they are a sleepyhead ...
V 45 They (-) better, at find a nice
spot.
They are better to find nice spot.
47 They (-) both the same role ...
They have the same role ... V 48 They (-) both the most
successful women in ...
They are the most successful women in ...
V 49 They all (-) alike. They all are alike. V 50 They (-) not get enough or
attention.
They do not get enough attention.
She immediately comes to my room.
V 54 He (-) patient and work hard
at the same ....
He is patient and works hard at the same time ...
He has been training for 5 years.
other characteristics.
It has the name, kind, colour, and other characteristics.
V
until Sunday morning.
69 It (-) easily as soon as I start the ...
It is easy as soon as I start the....
V
70 It (-) excessively. It is excessive. V
71 It (-) with a black fatbar. It has a black fatbar. V 72 It (-) with my best friend. He is my best friend. V 73 It (-) into EXO's albums. It is in Exo albums. V 74 It (-) for about three dollars. It is about three dollars. V 75 It (-) in every place in the
world.
It is in every place in the world.
V 76 We (-) with our teeth
directly.
We eat it with our teeth directly.
V
77 It (-) anywhere. It is anywhere. V
78 I (-) by myself. I take it by myself. V
79 It (-) now. It is now. V
80 It (-) at the end of the day. It is at the end of the day. V 81 It (-) light and easy to be
carried.
It is lighter and easer to be carried.
V 82 It (-) from the storage box. It is from the storage box. V 83 It (-) me for example. It is me for example. V 84 It (-) in Malioboro 2 days
before I went to ...
It was in malioboro two days before I went to ...
V 85 It (-) in my bag and it is
make ...
It is in my bag, and it makes... V 86 It (-) interesting part of pens. It is interserting part of pens. V 87 It (-) in a pocket, and
becomes long.
It is in my pocket, and becomes long.
V 88 It (-) for great comfortness
when we write.
It is for great comfort things when we write.
V 89 It (-) in my heart until now. It has been in my heart until
now.
V 90 It (-) on Instagram. They
become more serious when ...
It is on Instagram. They become more serious when
…
91 It (-) as our compass. It is as our compass. V 92 It (-) while practicing. It is while practicing. V 93 It (-) still the part of arts. It is still the past of arts. V
94 It (-) clear It is clear. V
95 It (-) exatly location in the highlands of ...
It is exactly located at the highlands of ...
V
96 It (-) on the map. It is on the map V
97 It (-) crowded the town. It is crowded town. V
98 It (-) uncool. It was not cool. V
99 It (-) so cute. It is so cute. V
100 It (-) always Zedva It is always Zedya. V 101 It (-) other competitor. It is other competitor. V 102 It (-) the "truly sport". It is a true sport. V 103 It (-) a competition. It is a competition. V 104 It (-) one of them. It is one of them. V 105 It (-) also with bamboo and
flat lava ...
It is also with bamboo and flat lava ...
V 106 (-) it Bandar Lampung or
Manado? Both town is ...
Is it Bandar Lampung or
Manado? Both towns are …. V 107 It (-) be about anything. It is about anything. V 108 It (-) because in several sides
it has a ...
It is because several sides have ...
V 109 It (-) because I afraid that
people would be ...
It is because I am afraid that people would be ...
V 110 It (-) because there is no
limitation of time ...
It is because there is no limitation of time ...
V 111 It (-) because I have played
similar ...
It is because I have played similar ...
112 It (-) everywhere. It is everywhere. V 113 It (-) rather than I add. It is rather than I add. V 114 It (-) about 2014 when I was
in Senior High school ...
It was about 2014 when I was in senior high school ...
V 115 It (-) our primer light. It is our primer light. V 116 It (-) on the small cupboard
in the left side ...
It is on the small cupboard in the left side ...
V 117 (-) It practical and
economical? Because, i think ...
Is it practical and
economical? Because I think ...
V
118 It (-) for tomorrow. It is for tomorrow. V 119 It (-) on the next day. It is on the next day. V 120 It (-) some different name
and different ...
It has some different names and different ...
V 121 It (-) because of we have
much traditional language.
It is because we have many traditional languages.
V
122 It (-) too much. It is too much. V
123 It (-) and enjoy the exotism of Bali!
We can enjoy the exoticism of Bali.
V 124 It (-) everything to me. It is everything to me. V 125 It (-) the student activity. It is the student’s activity. V
126 It (-) the winner. It is the winner. V
127 It (-) different ability and skill.
It has different abilities and skills.
V 128 He (-) academicians. He is an academician. V 129 He training for 5 years at his
agency.
He has been training for 5 years at his agency.
Aux 130 It start with a soft melody. It is started with a soft
melody.
Aux 131 I awake, I was in the hospital. I was awake, I was in a
hospital.
Aux 132 (-)You often lose your safety
pins?
Do you often lose your safety pin?
133 I afraid they would do some actions.
I am afraid that they would do some actions.
Aux 134 I required to be skilled in ... I was required to have skills
in … Aux
135 I practice now until, I still cant ...
I have been practicing until
now, but I still cannot … Aux 136 I tearing the wrapper. I am tearing the wrapper. Aux 137 He (-) academicians. He is an academician. A 138 I was kid, my parents chose
book for me.
When I was a kid, my parents chose a book for me.
A 139 I no longer need to go to (-)
traditional market.
I no longer need to go to a traditional market.
A 140 I remember was a stranger
who gave ...
I remember that there was a stranger who gave ...
Conj 141 I still remember was in Bali
with my ...
Addition. The table below presented some samples that include in addition error. Addition errors occurs when the students put an aspect of language that is not needed in the sentence (Ellis,2003). From the analysis, it concluded that the variation from addition errors were four variations. The variation were addition of auxiliary verb (Aux), verb (V), subject (S), and possessive adjective (Poss Adj). Table 7.
Error Types Addition
No. The Error Sentences The Correct Sentences Variation 1 I still remember was in Bali
with my ...
I still remember when I was in Bali with my ...
Aux 2 I am is the main building,
Auschwitz-IT Birkenau ...
I am in the main building, Auschwitz-IT Birkenau ...
Aux 3 I am have the main
concentration camp ...
I have the main concentration camp ...
Aux 4 I will can borrowed my
sister's clothes.
I can borrow my sister’s clothes.
Aux 5 I am was tearing the wrapper
and also the bubble wrap ...
I was tearing the wrapper and also the bubble wrap ...
hotel because we were … Aux 9 We just we will repeated the
same old ...
We will repeat the same old ...
Aux 10 We must to did activity at
home and ...
We must do the activity at home and ...
experience in ...
We will have the same experience in ...
Aux 13 They are is kind of unique
creature that have ...
They are kind of unique creatures that have ...
Aux 14 They are will can be real
creature near to me.
They can be real creatures near to me.
Aux 15 She has is enough for her only,
but ...
She is enough for her only, but ...
16 It is starts to overwhelmed, that...
It starts to overwhelmed, that ...
Aux
17 It is has habits. It has habits. Aux
18 It is have feeling makes that wants some ...
It makes my feeling want some ...
Aux 19 I was will in Senior high
School, it ...
I was in senior high school,
it …. Aux
20 We was began our first game and i found ...
We began our first game, and I found ...
Aux 21 They is said. Kind of alien's
language.
They said kinds of alien’s language.
Aux 22 You is leaved this world. You leaved this world. Aux 23 It is already have been
provided by their owner.
It has already been provided by the owner.
Aux
Her eyeballs are like other
… Aux
26 I have was in some shelfs in my ...
I have some shelfs in my ... Aux 27 I screaned started doing fan
chants.
I screaned and started doing fans chants.
V 28 I want spend time more in
Bali, but ...
I wanted to spend more
time in Bali, but … V 29 It is main economic centre is
Muntilan market.
Muntilan market is the main economic center.
V 30 It is usually has night market. It usually has a night
market.
V 31 They sell makes Dandangan to
be unique tradition.
They sell Dandangan as a unique tradition.
V 36 They their work until they
realize it.
They (-) work until they realize it.
The table above presented the subject-verb agreement error sentences in addition found on the essay writing class at LTC of UMY. Based on the finding, it shows that students add more than one auxiliary verb in a sentence. The next finding was about the addition verb or called as double verb without conjuntion. A sentence could have more than one verb, but there should be a conjuntion. The next finding was on addition of subject or called as double subject without conjuction on it. The last, the addition of possession adjective. The students did not mastered about possesive adjective because influenced by first language, which in this research is Bahasa Indonesia. Thus, it conclude that addition error type was found in the use of subject verb agreement on essay writing class at LTC of UMY.
Misorderings. The table below presented some samples that include in misorderings errors. Misorderings errors occurs when the students put incorrect command of part of speech in the sentence (Ellis,2003). It means the students misarrange the sentences. From the analysis, it concluded that the variation from misordering errors were five variations. The variations were misordering verb (V), noun (N), adverb (Adv), subject- verb (S-V), and adjective (Adj).
Table 8.
Error Types Misordering
No. The Error Sentences The Correct Sentences Variation 1 You gonna do is prepare the
tools and ...
What you are going to do is to prepare the tools and ...
V 2 I like him calling Zedva. I like calling him Zeyda. V 3 I arrive already in there. I have already arrived
there.
5 I am required skilled to be in ...
I am skilled in... V 6 We reserved can only at
12.00 ...
We can only reserve at 12.00 ...
V 7 You would and the same do
...
You would do the same ... V 8 They singing, drawing,
playing, dancing,mostly in ...
They mostly sing, draw, play, and dance in ..
V 9 They say like to-pa-ti-ti-to- ... They like to say
to-pa-ti-ti-to-...
V 10 She that used protected to
me, care for ...
She used to protect me and
care for … V
I told how on the previous paragraph ...
V 14 I can took some pictures
beautiful in here.
I could take some beautiful pictures here.
V 15 I can took some pictures
beautiful in here.
I could take some beautiful pictures here.
Np 16 I have ever had one special
my ...
I have ever had my special one.
Np 17 We can also change the color
hair.
We can also change the hair color.
Np 18 You got are the size small
pictures.
You got the small size pictures.
You provide a lot of money because ... 22 It is the activity student that
you being ...
It belongs to students’ activity that you being ...
Np 23 It have ability different. It has different abilities. Np 24 I want spend time more in
Bali.
I want to spend more time in Bali.
Adv 25 I practice draw now until. I have been practicing
drawing until now.
Adv
27 Ever I fell. Where in this experience I ...
I ever feel. Where in this experience I ...
S-V The table above presented the subject-verb agreement error sentences in misordering found on the essay writing class at LTC of UMY. Based on the finding, it shows that students did incorrect placement in a sentence, mostly in using a verb. The students misoder the position of a verb in a sentence. Another finding was on misordering noun phrase, adverb, subject-verb and adjective. Students did the incorrect sentences because they tended to have lack of grammar mastery which was turned not to be able to produce correct placement of verbs. The findings were in line with Saad and Sawalmeh (2014) who stated that foreign language learners still make inappropriate or wrong placement of verb in sentence making which appeared the incorrect sentence in spoken since they are still influenced from lack of grammar mastery. Thus, it conclude that misordering error type was found in the use of subject verb agreement on essay writing class at LTC of UMY .
To conclude, the first research question about what are the error types that occur in the students essay on IR essay writing class at LTC of UMY batch 2016 was answered. The error type that occur were all error types namely
misformation, omission, addition and misordering. Then, for answering the second reseach question about the number of the error, and the percentage would be explained below.
Concordance Programs. To calculate the error’s percentage, it needs the number of all sentences include the correct verb agreement and the error subject-verb agreement. Finally, this table presents the number of total sentences, number of correct subject-verb agreement, error subject-verb agreement and the error percentage. From the table below, it conclude that the total error of essay
documents from their mid-term assessment of IR major batch 2016 was 14.19%. Table 9.
General number of Subject Verb Agreement errors
Keywords Total Sentence
Correct S-V Agreement
Error S-V Agreement Total Error Percentage
Number Number Percentage Number Percentage
I 949 857 90.30% 92 9.70% 3.60%
We 397 362 91.19% 35 8.81% 1.40%
You 185 153 82.70% 32 17.30% 1.23%
They 246 220 89.40% 26 10.60% 1.01%
She 76 64 84.20% 12 15.80% 0.50%
He 173 145 83.80% 28 16.20% 1.10%
It 555 417 75.10% 138 24.90% 5.35%
Total 2,581 2,218 85.94% 363 14.06% 14.19% From the table above, it showed that the total sentences that contain seven keywords from sample was 2,581 sentences. Than, total number of correct
that the total percentage of subject-verb agreement that found in essays writing class documents’ of IR students batch 2016 at LTC of UMY was 14.19%.
The general number of table below was the the details for the second research question, which ask about the percentage of subject- verb agreement error producing by IR students’ essay writing class at LTC of UMY batch 2016.
Later, it will be presented a table that showed the exact number and the percentage of subject- verb agreement error based on the error type for each keywords.
Finally, from those two tables, it concluded that subject-verb agreement error found in the essays document on IR essay writing class batch 2016 at LTC of UMY. The error that found included all four error types namely misformations, Table 10.
S-V A Errors types number and it’s percentage Key
word s
Misformations Omissions Additions Misorderings Total
N P N P N P N P N P
I 41 11.30% 25 7.00% 14 3.90% 12 3.30% 92 25.34%
We 15 4.13% 11 3.03% 7 2.00% 2 0.60% 35 9.70%
You 11 3.03% 15 4.13% 1 0.30% 5 1.40% 32 8.81%
They 9 2.48% 10 2.80% 5 1.40% 2 0.60% 26 7.16%
She 7 2.00% 2 0.60% 2 0.60% 1 0.30% 12 3.30%
He 18 5.00% 8 2.20% 0 0.00% 2 0.60% 28 7.71%
It 58 16.00% 70 19.30% 7 2.00% 3 1.00% 138 38.01%
Tota l
159 43.80% 141 38.90% 36 10.00 %
27 7.50% 363 100%
omissions, additions, and misorderings. However, it was not that every subject- verb agreement keywords’ had all of error types. For keywords “I”, “We”,
“You”,“They”, “She”,and “It” had all of errors type which were addition,
misformation, misordering, and omission. However, for keywords “He” it did not
