THE FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED ONE OF THE JASON MRAZ
ALBUMS IN 2008
ENTITLED “
WE SING, WE DANCE, WE STEAL
THINGS
”
A GRADUATING PAPER
Submitted to the Board Examiners as a Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of
SarjanaPendidikan (S.Pd)
English
Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga
Arranged By: NURFIYANTI
113 08 028
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN)
DECLARATION
ميحّرلا نحمّرلا للها مسب
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and Most Merciful,
Hereby, the writer declares that this graduating paper is written by the writer herself. This paper does not contain materials which having been published by other people and other people‟s idea except the information from the references.
The writer makes this declaration, and she hopes this declaration can be understood.
Salatiga, September 14th 2016 The writer
WRITING ORIGINALNESS STATEMENT
The signee I-hand, under this:
Name : Nurfiyanti
NIM : 113 08 028
Faculty : TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
Majors : ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
State that a graduating paper that I write this truly is my work result self not copying of work write other people. Opinion or meeting other people that got in a graduating this paper be quoted or be referred the ethic-code scientifically.
Salatiga, September 14
th2016
Who to state it,
Salatiga,Sept 09th 2016
Hanung Triyoko, S.S., M.Hum., M.Ed.
The Lecturer of English Educational Department State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR‟S NOTE Case : Nurfiyanti’s Graduating Paper
Dear
The Head of State Islamic Studies Institut of Salatiga
Assalamu’alaikum, Wr. Wb.
After reading and correcting Nurfiyanti‟s graduating paper entitled
THE
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED ONE OF THE JASON MRAZ
ALBUMS IN 2008
ENTITLED “
WE SING, WE DANCE, WE STEAL
THINGS
”
I have decided and would like to propose that thist paper can be accepted by the Teacher Training and Educational Faculty, I hope this paper would be examined as soon as possible.
Wassalamu’alaikum, Wr. Wb.
Consultant,
Hanung Triyoko, S.S., M.Hum., M.Ed.
A GRADUATING PAPER
THE FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED ONE OF THE JASON MRAZ
ALBUMS IN 2008
ENTITLED “
WE SING, WE DANCE, WE STEAL
THINGS
”
Written By: NURFIYANTI
113 08 028
Has been brought to the board of examiners of English and Educational Department of Teacher Training of Education Faculty of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga on September 30th , 2016 and hereby considered to completely fulfill of the requirement for degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I) in English Education Department.
Boards of Examiners Head : Dr. Sa‟adi, M. Ag
Secretary : Hanung Triyoko, S.S,M.Hum.,M.Ed 1st Examiners : Faizal Risdianto,S.S,M. Hum. 2nd Examiners : Ari Setiawan,M. M.
Salatiga, September 30th 2016 Head of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Suwardi . S. Pd..M. Pd.
MOTTO
Verily, every difficulty there is relief
DEDICATION
This graduating paper is whole hearedly dedication to :
1. Allah SWT and Prophet Muhammad SAW who always guides and gives strength for me.
2. My beloved Mrs. Watiyem thanks for your trust. My beloved Mr. Kusno thanks for all generosity.
3. My beloved husband, Agus Puji Narimo thanks for your love,support and finance.
4. My beloved son, Yorgi Radhika Alvaro thanks for your encouragement. 5. My beloved sister, Martini thanks for your motivation.
6. All of my friends in TBI 2008 IAIN Salatiga. 7. All of my friends in IAIN Salatiga.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,
In the name of Allah, The Most Gracious and The Most Merciful, The Lord of Universe. Because of Him, the writer could finish this graduating paper as one of the requirement to finished in English and Department of Education faculty at State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga.
Secondly, peace and salutation always be given to our prophet Muhammad SAW who has guided us from the darkness to the lightness.
However, this success would not be achieved without supports, guidance, advices, helps, and encouragements from individual and institution, and I somehow realize that an appropriate moment for me to deepest gratitude for:
1. Mr. Dr. H. Rahmat Haryadi, M. Pd. as the Rector of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga.
2. Mr. Suwardi, M.Pd., as the Dean of Education Faculty.
3. Mrs. Noor Malihah, Ph. D. As a Head of English Edecational Department of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga
4. Mr. Hanung Triyoko, S.S., M.Hum., M.Ed., as a counselor who has educated, supported, directed and given the writer advices, suggestions, and recommendations for this graduation peper from beginning until the end.
5. My parents Mrs. Watiyem and Mr. Kusno thanks for your trust all generosity giving spirit and motivation.
7. My beloved son, Yorgi Radhika Alvaro thanks for your encouragement. 8. My beloved sister, Martini thanks for your motivation.
9. All of the lecturers in English Department of IAIN Salatiga.
10.All of the staffs who have helped the writer in processing of graduating paper administration.
Finally this graduating paper is expected to be able to provide useful knowledge and information to the readers. The writer is pleased to accept more suggestions and contributionsfrom the reader to the improvement of the graduating paper.
Salatiga, September 14th 2016 The writer
Nurfiyanti
ABSTRACT
Nurfiyanti. 2016. The Figurative Language Used One of The Jason Mraz Albums in 2008 Entitled “We Sing, We Dance, We Steal Things”. Graduating paper English Education Department of state Institute for Islamic studies (IAIN) Salatiga. Counselor: Hanung Triyoko, S.S., M.Hum., M.Ed.
Keywords: figurative language
In this research writer will analyze songs lyric of Jason Mraz album We Sing, We Dance, We Steal Things is so melancholic and simple but consist of many languages learning about figurative language. These albums consist of 12 songs, this research will study and analyze about figurative language that there are in Jason Mraz song. After reading the text of a song the listeners do not know what the topic of the text is. They cannot understand the sentence that they read or listen in the song simply. Every song has many massagers. The language used in literary work has been specific language used in other communication. Music and song are parts of this world of sound, and art is based on the organization.The aims of this research are (1) what are the types of figurative language used in Jason Mraz songs? (2) What are the massages in Jason Mraz song lyrics? (3) What is the denotative and connotative meaning in Jason Mraz songs?
The reseach method that is used in this study, the writer used descriptive method. According to Suharsimi Arikunto‟s (1990:309), descriptive studies are design to obtain information concerning with the current status of phenomena. They are directed toward determining the nature of situation as it exists of the time of study. Thus there is no administration or control of a treatment as it is found in an experimental study.
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ... i
SYMBOL OF YARD ... ii
DECLARATION ... iii
WRITING ORIGINALNESS STATEMENT ... iv
ATTENTIVE CONSELOR NOTES ... v
STATEMENT OF CERTIFICATION ... vi
MOTTO ... vii
DEDICATION ... viii
ACKNOWLEDGENMENT ... ix
ABSTRACT ... xi
TABLE OF CONTENT ... xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study... 1
B. Statement of the problem ... 3
C. Objectives of the Study ... 4
D. Benefits of the Study ... 4
E. The Limitation of The Study ... 4
F. Definition of the Key Terms ... 5
G. Review of Related Literature ... 6
H. The Methodology of the Research... ... 7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Literature... 10
1. The Characteristic of Literature... 10
2. Categories of Literature... 11
3. The Benefit of Reading Literature... 11
4. Kinds of Literature... 11
B. Figurative Language... 12
1. Definition of Figurative Language... 12
2. Types of Figurative Language... 16
3. Meanings... 23
CHAPTER III DATA AND CLASSIFICATION A. Biography of Jason Mraz Singers... 24
B. Data Presentation... 28
C. Data Classification... 29
CHAPTERIV ANALYSIS A. Findings Discussion... 34
B. Data Analysis Of Figurative Language... 35
C. The Denotative Meaning and Connotative Meaning... 45
D. The Message that Contained In Song‟s Album Jason Mraz Year 2008... 55
CHAPTER V CLOSURE A. Conclusions... 61
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Language is intimately tied to man‟s feeling and activity. It is bound up
with nationality, religion, and the feeling of self. It is used for work, work ship, and play by everyone, be he beggar or banker, savage or civilized (Robert Lado, 1964:11). Language variation language spoken by large populations show marked differences among groups of speakers. These variations appear geographically, historically, and socially. Everyone, for example, talks about differences between American and British English, the Spanish of Spain and of Latin American, Canadian French and the French of France(Robert Lado, 1964:16).
According to Joshua A. Fishman and Suwito, communication with the language of not only linguistic but rather determined by nonlinguistic factors, such as social factors and situational factors. Social factors such as social status, education level, economic level, age, and gender, whereas situational factors refer to who speaks, the language of what, to whom, when, where, and what issues are discussed. Means the domination of social factors and situational factors in the use of language affects the emergence of language variation.
Edward Sapir, language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols (Edward Sapir, 1921:8).
Figurative Language is one type of literary work which emphasis on connotation rather than denotation meaning. Generally, Figurative language is language that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. Language used in literary work has specification based on languages use in other communication (Okta, 2010:3).
Figurative language is one with its literally in compatible term, forces the readers to attend the connotation rather than to the denotation (Burhan Nurgiyantoro, 1995:277). Language used in literally work has been specific languages use in other communication; music and song are parts of this world of sound (Endah Wahyuningsih, 2007:2).
Song lyrics is included of kind of literature because lyric is language creation (poem) which contains of personal feeling expression. Song lyric is like poem but it is served in song form. It attributes are imaginative but nowadays. Song also contains critic to our government‟s wisdom, welfare,
growing faze. They learn by singing song that they like. Teenagers prefer listen love song than other because almost of them feel in love in this age. Mean while old people usually like slow song because their hearing are weak. Song is more interesting if is sung by singer who has certain voice character beside sing lyric also interesting. Singers give special voice that makes it touch audience‟s feeling. Music arrangement also influences music power too. In
this research writer will analyze songs lyric of Jason Mraz album We Sing, We Dance, We Steal Things is so melancholic and simple but consist of many languages learning about figurative language. These albums consist of 12 songs, this research will study and analyze about figurative language that there are in Jason Mraz song. After reading the text of a song the listeners do not know what the topic of the text is. They cannot understand the sentence that they read or listen in the song simply. Every song has many massagers. The language used in literary work has been specific language used in other communication. Music and song are parts of this world of sound, and art is based on the organization. So, the writer makes research with title The Figurative Language Used One of the Jason Mraz Album in 2008 Entitled“We
Sing, We Dance, We Steal Things”.
B. Statement of the Problem
From the background of the study, the writer would like to write down problem statements as follows:
3. What is the denotative and connotative meaning of each song lyrics in Jason Mraz songs?
C. The Objective of the Study
Considering the problems that formulated above the objectives of research can be specified as follows:
1. To identify the types of figurative language used in Jason Mraz songs. 2. To reveal the message conveyed in Jason Mraz songs.
3. To identify the denotative and connotative meaning of each song lyrics used in Jason Mraz songs.
D. The Benefit of Study
The result of the research is expected to be beneficial in two ways: 1. Practically, this research will give some knowledge about figurative
language like:
a. It will give additional knowledge to English student and English lectures.
b. It will make student who like Jason Mraz‟s songs understand figurative language in these songs.
c. It will add knowledge about figurative language analyzing in Jason Mraz‟s songs.
2. Theoretically, this study will add the literature in linguistic about figurative language.
E. The Limitation of The Study
1. This research will be limited by writer on analyzing the figurative of language used by Jason Mraz‟s songs.
2. This research will be limited on the album entitled “we sing, we dance, we steal things” of Jason Mraz songs.
3. This research examines the denotation and connotation meaning used by Jason Mraz songs.
F. Definition of Key Terms
Figurative language consists of two words. Figurative means imitation, meanwhile language is a set of signals and the structures and can be studied by human being (Francis, 1992:244). Figurative language express of idea, opinion or author‟s thinking which is consisting of syntax. That consists of word,
cause to pass certain condition and situations. Figurative language consist of dictions of lexical chaises, sentences structures, describing, rime pattern and else that used by art anchors or there are in literature creations. Then figurative language is language is used by authors to create certain effect. From some language experts above, so writer can concludes that figurative language is language which is used by authors to deliver ideas, thinking and author‟s
opinion forward literature.
discourses it is delivered by written medium at album subtitled and is called as oral discourses because it can be heard by people. Lyric songs have certain characteristic because it is served by using melody and sound which be able to lyric songs. So it is more complete became supported by music arrangement that add art value of song.
G. Review of Related Literature
In this research, the writer uses several the other previous theses as related literature as follows:
The first review related to this research, and the title is “Figurative Language Analysis in Letto’s song “ Truth, Cry and Lie” Album”. Which has been researched by Muh Masruri in 2012, the Student of Islamic Studies Institude (STAIN) Salatiga? In his thesis, he has analyzed about the figurative language, According to him, the figurative language used Letto‟s song are
personification, ellipsis, rhetoric, metaphor, synecdoche pars pro toto, anti climax, pleonasm and repetition.
The second review related to this research, and the title is “Figurative
Language Analysis in Celine Dion’ Songs”. Which has been researched by
Mokhamad in 2010, the student of State Islamic Studies Institude (STAIN) Salatiga? In his thesis, he has analyzed about the figurative language. According to him, the figurative used in Celine Dion‟s Songs are simile,
hyperbole, metonymy, personifications, etc in these songs. He analyzed sentence by sentence in Celine Dion‟s songs.
Study on Figurative Language Christian Bautista’s Song’s”. Which has been researched by Afidatul Barokah in 2007? The student of State Islamic Studies Institute (STAIN) Salatiga. In her thesis, he has analyzed about the figurative language. According to him, the figurative used in Christian Bautista‟s are simile, personification, metaphor and hyperbole.
The fourth review related to this research, and the title is “A
Descriptive study on Figurative Language used in West life’s Song’s”. Which
has been researched by Ifonilla Yenianti in 2003, the Student of Islamic Studies Institude (STAIN) Salatiga? In her thesis, she has analyzed about the figurative language. According to him, the figurative language used in West life song are metonymy, hyperbole, personification, paradox, metaphor, simile and apostrophe, and it has many connotation meanings based on the data analysis.
The fifth review related to this research, and the title is “A Descriptive Study on the Uses of Colloquial Style on English Song’s”. Which has been
researched by Endriana Sri Wahyuni in 2003, the Student of Islamic Studies Institude (STAIN) Salatiga? In her thesis, she has analyzed about the colloquial style. According to her, the language styles in English songs are colloquial style which discusses about non Standard English which is now recognized as normal and interesting variety of English. As my thesis research, the language style in Jason Myraz‟s song has interesting of English‟s variety.
some imaginations.
H. The Methodology of the Research
1. The Method Research
In this study, the writer used descriptive method. According to Suharsimi Arikunto‟s (1990:309), descriptive studies are design to obtain information concerning with the current status of phenomena.
They are directed toward determining the nature of situation as it exists of the time of study. Thus there is no administration or control of a treatment as it is found in an experimental study. Therefore, this study attempts to identify, classify, and describe the figurative language of Jason Mraz‟s songs.
2. Data Sources
Data sources in this research were Jason Mraz‟s albums. The lyric
contained 12 song : Make it Mine, I’m Yours, Lucky, Butterfly, Live High, Love for a Child, Details in the Fabric, Coyotes, Only Human, The
Dynamo of Volition, If It Kills Me and A Beautiful Mess.
3. Techniques of collecting data
There are many ways to collect the data, such as: documentation and questionnaire. This technique was used to get data relating to figurative language in Jason Mraz songs. Documentation in this case is the text of Jason Mraz songs cassette.
The techniques of taking the data as follows: a. The writer selected the Jason Mraz songs.
c. The writer of the lyrics of Jason Mraz songs.
d. The writer analysis the figurative language belonging to Jason Mraz songs.
4. Techniques of analyzing data
In analyzing the data, the writer uses descriptive analysis technique to analyze the figurative language used by Jason Mraz songs. The techniques of analyzing the data as follows:
a. Listening to the Jason Mraz cassettes album to understand that lyrics. b. Reading and learning all sentences from the lyrics.
c. Identifying the kinds of figurative language.
d. Describing the message conveyed in Jason Mraz songs.
I. Graduating Paper Out Lines
Outline is preliminary sketch representing the principal features, structures and content of written work (Shah Mahmoud, 1992:109). This graduating paper is divided into five chapters they are: chapter one is introduction consisting of background of the study, statement of the problem, the objectives of the study, the benefits of the study, the limitation of the study, definition of key terms, review of related literature, the methodology of the research, graduating paper out lines. Chapter two is review of the related literature consist of the kind of figurative language and biography of Jason Mraz songs. Chapter three is data and classification that consist of data presentation and data classification. Chapter four is analysis that contain of data analysis of figurative language, figurative language‟s definition and key
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter the writer would like to review the related literature dealing with the figurative language of songs.
A. Literature
Literature derived from the Latin literal, meaning “letter”. The root meaning of literature refers primarily to the written word and seems to support this board definition. However, such a definition eliminates the important oral traditions on which much of our literature is based, including homer‟s illiad
and odyssey, the English epic Beowulf, and many Native American legends (Charles E.bressler, 1998:6)
Literature is considered as the expression of beautiful thought, ideas in beautiful language (Hartiningsih, 2001:4). It will be interesting for some readers if they have high sensitivity and imagination because they can really enjoy the beauty of literature. Literature is writing of particular kind involving a particular use of words, writing that works in particular way, makes different. Literature is human expression about the life experience in language form.
1. The Characteristic of Literature
Second, literature is also vivid. One of its great achievements is by the
power of written word to make you hear, to make you feel, it‟s before all, to make you see. Third, the language of literature is clear to clarify this, he use a passage describing a character (Sunaryono, 1988:2).
2. Categories of Literature
There are two categories of literature are escape and interpretative literature. Escape literature is that written purely for entertainment, to help us pass the time agreeably. Interpretative literature is written to broaden, deepen and sharpen our awareness of live; it takes us through the imagination deeper into the real world (Sunaryono, 1988:2).
3. The Benefit of Reading Literature
The benefit of learning literature especially western literature are the human readers can increase their vocabulary, understanding the English or American styles of speaking, and knowing western culture.
Another benefit and reading literature is that it offers the readers an experience, problem life and the way to solve it. But to have experience and to make the story comes alive, they must read it seriously. Though the experience is imagination but the emotion is real. Different experience makes different readers responds differently to the some work.
4. Kinds of Literature
knowledge presents or interprets facts, ideas or happenings, a description of a person or place, the explanation of scientist process, the account of war, or the discussion of political issues. The literature of imagination interprets experience by fictitious presentation of person, ideas and events these writing involve prose, poetry and drama (Sunaryono, 1988:3). The writer of this thesis will explain only literature of imagination as material because the analysis of this thesis is about poetry that include into one of imaginative literature.
B. Figurative Language
1. Definition of Figurative Language
The poetic element of poetry comes from figurative language aspects. It is one factor that influences the beauty of works. According to Longman Dictionary of English language and culture (1992), the word figurative is an adjective of a word, phrase, meaning, etc. used in some way other than the main or usual meaning to suggest a picture in the main or to make a comparison that can help the readers make unfamiliar like familiar.
Abrams (1985:66), also states that figurative language is a deviation from which speakers of language apprehend as the ordinary, or standard, significance or sequences of words, in order to achieve some special meaning or effect. It has often been divided into two classes. They are “figure of thought”; in which words are used in a way that effects a
word, as opposed to its tropic meaning, is called its literal meaning and “figures of speech” or “rhetorical figures” or schemes (from the Greek
word for form), in which the departure from standard usage is not, primarily, in the meaning but in the order of the words.
Figurative language is language that employs various figures of speech. In general, figurative language that departs from the language employed in the traditional, literal ways of describing persons or object. Using figurative language is making imaginative description in fresh way. It is usually immediately obvious whether a text is using figurative or literal meaning (Reaske, 1966:33).
Figurative language is one factor that makes the poem will have more meaning. Parrine (1977:61) states that the figurative language is more effective to explore what the literary people means, because; a. Figurative language creates the imaginative thinking.
b. Figurative language is the way to make the additional imaginations in the poem, therefore the abstract will be concrete.
c. Figurative language is the way to give the intensity of the poet.
d. Figurative language is the way to concretize the meaning and to explore many things in sorter sentence (Waluyo, 1987:83).
metaphor is implied metaphor (Pradopo, 1987:66).
According to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (1987:379) figurative speech or figurative language is “an example of the figurative use of words.” Same definition is given by Oxford Advanced
Learner‟s Dictionary (2005: 433) that is “a word or phrase used for vivid
or dramatic effect.”
Figurative language or “figures of speech” is “a way of saying something other than the literal meaning of the words”
(http://www.frostfriends.org/figurative.html). In other words, any language
that goes beyond the literal meaning of words in order to furnish new effects or fresh insights into an idea or a subject, cited from
(http://www.orangeusd.k12.ca.us/yorba/figurative_language.htm).
Meanwhile, figurative language is:
“Figure of speech, word of group of words used to give particular emphasis to an idea or sentiment. The special emphasis is typically
accomplished by he user’s conscious deviation from the strict literal sense
of a word, or from the more commonly used from of word order or
sentence construction”
(http://au.encarta.msn.com/text_761577842_1/Figure_of_Speech.html).
In Merriam-Webster‟s Encyclopedia of Literature (1995: 415), figure of speech is defined as:
“A form of expression (as a simile or metaphor) used to convey meaning or heighten effect often by comparing or identifying one thing with another that has a meaning or connotation familiar to the reader or listener.”
The figurative language is the way to express ideas through a specific language which is showing the author‟s soul and personality.
his expression. Figurative language is essential for a true appreciation of literature understanding how it works help us interpret what the poets are saying and what they are trying to explore. It is usually used in poetry. It just like what Raskin says that figurative language is used in poetry and fiction, as well as in everyday speech when a potentially ambiguous sentence is only one meaning of it occurs to him and he intends the sentence in this one meaning (Raskin, 1963:63). It is because Poets do sometime use vague, abstract language; but only in order to make a particular kind of impression on the reader, or to create in the poem a vague, day-dreaming mood (Lewis, 1944:25).
Related with the statement above is appropriate with the purpose of using figurative language. The poets use it to conceive many more effect, more effective, and more suggestive in the poems. There are some types of figurative language each of which has their own function. Those types are metaphor,simile, personification, overstatement, euphemism (understatement), synecdoche, and irony (Waluyo, 1987:84). However, in this study only focused on metaphor. From the definition above, we can conclude that figurative language is the way to explore the idea by specific language, which shows the mind and the individuality of the writers as the user of language. The purpose of using it is to make the expression more interesting and giving an imaginative comfort for the readers. In addition, figurative language gives more esthetic value for the work.
that figurative language is language that cannot be taken literally (or should not be taken literally only). Figurative language is supposed as a way in saying one thing and meaning another. It is usually applied by many writers in creating literary works such as poetry and novel. Many writers create figurative language personally and creatively. Their styles are influenced not only by their culture but also their background of experiences and so forth. Certainly, the writers‟ skill to create attractive and dept meanings of combinational words are needed to attract their readers‟ intention.
2. Types of Figurative Language
According to Merriam-Webster‟s Encyclopedia of Literature (1995:415). Figurative language or figure of speech can be classified in five major categories, there are
a. Figures of resemblance on relationship (e.g., simile, metaphor, kenning, conceit, parallelism, personification, metonymy, synecdoche and euphemism).
b. Figures of emphasis or understatement (e.g., hyperbole, litotes, rhetoric question, antithesis, climax, bathos, paradox, oxymoron and irony).
c. Figures of sound (e.g., alliteration, repetition, anaphora and onomatopoeia).
d. Verbal games and gymnastics (e.g., pun, and anagram). e. Errors (e.g., malapropism, periphrasis, and spoonerism).
explained which related to this study and those are used in analyzing the findings. The sixteen types of igurative language are presented below:
a. Alliteration
Alliteration is repeated consonant sound occurring at the beginning of the word or within words. Alliteration is used to create melody, establish mood, call attention to important words, and point out similarities contrast.
For instances:
1) Sweet smell of success, a dime a dozen, and jump for joy.
2) Five freaky females finding sales at retail.
b. Allegory
Allegory is a poem in the form of a narrative or story that has a second meaning beneath the surface one. Allegory is a prolonged or an extended metaphor which presents its meaning in a veiled way. In short, it is simply one thing consistently being presented in the guise of something else. Usually there is a series of actions, which are in fact symbolic of other actions. Furthermore, Robert Frost is notable for his use of parable using the description to evoke an idea. For instances:
1) After apple-picking: the apple harvest suggests accomplishment.
2) Birches: the climbing suggests the value of learning and
experience.
billow and hurricane.
c. Allusion
Allusion is a brief figurative or symbolic reference within a literary text to
a familiar or person, place, event or thing outside the text. Allusion is used in hopes of triggering an association to portray a meaning. For instances:
1) Catherine is a real Cinderella (works a lot around the house,
cooking and cleaning).
2) He was Hercules of a man (strong, take on anything).
d. Assonance
Assonance is a resemblance of a sound in words or syllable. According to Ensiklopedi Sastra Indonesia (2004: 93). For instances:
1) Thy kingdom com, thy will be done.
2) Fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese.
e. Hyperbole
Hyperbole is expression of exaggeration which used by a writer depicted as being better or worse, or larger or smaller, than actually the case. According to Merriam-Webster‟s Encyclopedia of Literature (1995: 573) “hyperbole is a figure of speech that is an intentional exaggeration for emphasis or comic effect.” For instances:
1) Dr. Johnson drank his tea in oceans.
2) My date last night was the most beautiful girl in the world
f. Idiom
special meaning of its own. Idioms according to Webster's Dictionary, an idiom is defined as: peculiar to itself either grammatically (as no, it wasn't me) or in having a meaning that cannot be derived from the conjoined meanings of its elements (as Monday week for „the Monday a week after next Monday‟). Idioms are expressions of at
least two words which cannot be translated literally and which function as a single unit semantically (see Holman 1992). For instances:
1) She sings at the top of her lungs.
2) Do you need a hand?
3) You steal my heart you make me fall in love with you
g. Imagery
Imagery is the use of words to describe something, to create a “menta
picture” of it. When Matthew Arnold‟s speaker says “the sea is
calm
tonight” in the poem “Dover Beach,” you create sea in your
imagination.
For instances: The trees converged in a velvet meadow.
h. Irony
may be humorous or mildly sarcastic (McArthur, 1996:532). For example:
1) In this cell we are happy, actually.
2) Someone says to his friend “you are very slim” whereas the fact
is that his friend is very fat.
i. Metaphor
Metaphor is use of a word or phrase denoting kind of idea or object in place of another word or phrase for the purpose of suggesting a likeness between the two. In the other word, “metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word of phrase denoting one kind of object or action is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them” (Merriam_Webster‟s Encyclopedia of Literature,
1995: 756). For instances:
1) A woman is admired for her strength and beauty, she is a silken
tent.
2) The stages of love are stepping stones to death.
3) My lover is a treasure.
j. Metonymy
Metonymy is figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related. as “the bottle” for “strong drink.” According to Kinayati (2006:19) metonymy
Chevrolet (Chevrolet is used to mean a car).
k. Onomatopoeia
Is a figure of speech that combines of sounds in a word that imitates or suggests what word refers to? And according Reaske (1966:21) this is a technique of using a word whose sound suggests its meaning.
Example; when the owl sang in her night, cuckoo….. I don‟t know where I had to go.
l. Paradox
Paradox is a statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible elements, but on closer inspection may be true. There are three definitions of paradox based on Merriam_Webster‟s Encyclopedia of Literature (1995: 856):
Paradox is (1) A tenet or proposition contrary to received of expectation. 2) An apparently self-contradictory statement, the underlying meaning of which is revealed only by careful scrutiny. (3) Something (such as a person, phenomenon, state of affairs, or action) with seemingly contradictory qualities or phases
Paradox is a termeven absurd, but may contain an insight into life (McArthur, 1996:348). Several examples of paradox as follows: 1) Men work together whether they work together or apart.
2) A well-known secret agent.
3) “This statement is false”; if the statement is true, then the
statement is false, thereby in rhetoric for a situation or statement
that is or seems self- contradictory and the statement true. m. Personification
singing human characteristic to object. Personification is figure of speech which shows an analogy to draw a thing as if human characteristic, or these thing, animal, and abstract term is made as human.
Personification is a figure of speech that draw an animal an object or an ideas having human characteristic (Kinayati, 2006:19). When something that is not human is given human-like qualities, this is known as personification. An example of personification would be to say, for examples:
“The leaves danced in the wind on the cold October afternoon.
”The wind stood up and gave a shout”
“The sky looks angry”
C. Meanings
Figurative language refers to words, and groups of words, that exaggerate or alter the usual meaning in figures of speeches of the component words. A figure of speech may be said to occur whenever a speaker or writer, from the sake of freshness or emphasis, departs from the usual denotations of words (Kennedy, 1983; 479). Figurative language may involve analog to similar concepts or the other contexts, and may involve exaggerations. There are many figurative languages, the writer will analyze figurative languages in Jason Mraz album entitled “we sing, we dance, we
steal things” because these figurative languages always uses by the poet in the
CHAPTER III
DATA AND CLASSIFICATION
A. Biography of Jason Mraz Singers
Jason Mraz, born on March 23, 1977 and raised in Mechanicsville, Virginia, was mostly influenced with such music genres as reggae, pop, rock, jazz, folk and hip-hop. Having a strong interest in music, he attended the American Musical and Dramatic Academy but dropped out a year later when he decided to pick up guitar at the age of 18 and started exploring his singing talent at strawberry fields and on the streets of Manhattan.
After busking around the Big Apple, Jason moved to San Diego. There, he landed a singing career with a duo with drummer Noel "Toca" Rivera. Along with Toca, he performed at the coffeehouses around the town before getting signed to Elektra Records. Mraz is of Czech descent through his grandfather who moved to the United States from what is now the Czech Republic in 1915. His sure name is Czech for "frost." Mraz is a vegan. He attended The American Musical and Dramatic Academy in New York City, for a short time, studying musical theatres before moving to San Diego. Mraz also owns an avocado farm in Northern San Diego County near Fallbrook.
music production team The Matrix and it was Mraz's first top twenty single on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number fifteen.
In July 2005, Mraz opened for Alanis Morissette during her Jagged Little Pill Acoustic Tour. On July 26, 2005, he released his second major-label
album, Mr. A?Z, for Atlantic Records. It entered the Billboard 200 album chart at number 5. In December, the album earned a Grammy Award nomination for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical, while its producer, the prolific Steve Lilywhite, received a nomination for Producer of the Year. Mraz's friend and former roommate Billy "Bushwalla" Galewood also collaborated on the album, co-writing "Curbside Prophet" and the album's third single, and "I'll Do Anything".
Jason Mraz performs at Fox woods Resort Casino in Ledyard, Connecticut on May 17, 2006. In March 2006, Mraz also performed for the first time at a sold-out performance in Singapore with Toca Rivera as part of the annual Mosaic Music Festival. In May 2006, Mraz toured mostly small venues and music festivals in the U.S., along with a few shows in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The tour included a May 6, 2006 acoustic show with P.O.D., Better than Ezra, Live, and The Presidents of the United States of America. Mraz was featured as a headlining guest of St. Louis's annual Fair St. Louis and performed a free concert at the base of the Arch on July 1, 2006. In December 2006, Selections for Friends, the live, online-only album recorded during the Songs for Friends Tour, was released. Selections for Friends features Jason's favourite songs from the Schubas Tavern and Villa
Montalvo shows he played in July 2006. Jason Mraz began 2007 by debuting his new single "The Beauty in Ugly", an earlier track penned by Mraz entitled "Plain Jane" that he rewrote for the ABC TV show Ugly Betty. The song was featured as a part of ABC's "Be Ugly in '07" campaign. He has since released a song in Spanish entitled "La Nueva Belleza (The New Beauty)".
explicitly supported by him and his management.
We sing, we dance, we steal things, Jason Mraz at Grina Lund in
Stockholm, Sweden 2008 Mraz released his third studio album, we sing, we dance, we steal things. On May 13, 2008. The album debuted at number three
on the Billboard Hot 200 giving Mraz his highest charting album to date. Following the success of lead single, I'm yours, the album broke into the top ten of many international music charts and charted in the top three in Australia and the US. The first single "I'm yours" reached on a radio charts in the US. The single was a B-side to Mr A-Z, and was made famous by recordings from his live shows. In September 2008, the song became Mraz's first Top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking so far at as of October 14, 2008, the album has been certified Gold by the RIAA, selling in excess of 500,000 copies in the US. The song was a commercial success worldwide, peaking in the top ten of multiple European charts and topping the charts in New Zealand for six weeks. Mraz and his song "I'm yours" were nominated for Song of the Year and Best Male Pop Vocal Performance at the 2009 51st Grammy Awards. The album we sing, we dance, we steal things, was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical in 2009. On January 31, 2009, Mraz was the musical guest on Saturday Night Live, performing "I'm yours" and "Lucky", the latter with Colbie Caillat. "Lucky" has peaked on the Hot 100 at 48.
B. Data Presentation
entities, as well as of transactions involving two are more primary entities. Representation of fact, concepts or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing by humans or by automatic means, any representations such as characters or analog quantities to which meaning is or might be assigned. Mean while presentation is learning model or data studying to get certain aims. So, data presentation is learning model from basic sources that will be studied in a research. Data is researches are songs in Jason Mraz album, “we sing, we dance, we steal things”. This
album consist of 12 songs, they are: 1. Make It Mine
2. I'm Yours
3. Lucky (ft. Collbie Caillat) 4. Butterfly
5. Live High
6. Love For A Child 7. Details In the Fabric 8. Coyotes
9. Only Human
10.The Dynamo Of Volition 11.If It Kills Me
12.A beautiful Mess
C. Data Classification
Data in general represent a structure codifications of single primary entities, as well as of transactions involving two or more primary entities. Meanwhile classification is the act of forming into a class or classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc. According to some common relations or affinities, grouping of data are based of same certain characteristic. So data classification is grouping of data that will be studied by a researcher in a certain research.
The researcher used documentation as the method of collecting the data. This method was proposed to collect the metaphors that are expressed in Jason Mraz‟s songs third album entitled “we sing, we dance, we steal things”.
Based on the result of analysis, it can be concluded that in creating the song lyric Jason Mraz has not used all types of metaphorical language. In the previous chapter, the writer explains about the figurative languages of songs. The figurative of songs is similar to the figurative of poetry. The figurative languages used in Jason Mraz‟s songs album “we sing, we dance, we steal
things”are:
1. Hyperbole, hyperbole or overstatement is emphasizing a point with a statement containing exaggeration.
2. Personification, a figure of speech in which a thing, an animal or an abstract term is made human.
4. Metonymy, the name of a thing is substitutes for that of another closely associated with it.
5. Paradox, a statement that at first strikes we as self contradictory but than on reflection make some sense.
This chapter will classify clearly about figurative language that are contained in Jason Mraz‟s song lyric:
No Code Expression Figurative Language
1
1
The one that tells you to taste past the
tip of your tongue
checking my tongue in the mirror
Hyperbole
7
But do you want to come on
Scooch on over closer dear
And I will nibble your ear
Hyperbole
10 I feel your whisper across the sea Hyperbole
No Code Expression Figurative Language
move so pretty you're all I see
as the world keeps spinning round
12
14 Butterfly, well you landed on my mind Methapore
15 Climb in my mouth now child Hyperbole
16
Oh, kiss me with your eyelashes
tonight or Eskimo your nose real close
to mine
Personification
17 I'm your pole and all you're wearing is
your shoes
Methapore
18 Ride your tongue along your bottom lip
and bite down
Paradox
19
5
I try to picture a girl through a looking
glass and see her as a carbon atom,
see her eyes and stare back at them
Hyperbole
20 Though her home is on the surface she
is still a universe
Methapore
21 Glory God, oh God is peeking through
the blinds
Paradox
22
6
There's a couple getting steamy in the
car parked in the drive
Metonymy
23 Was it mom who put my dad out on his
ass or the other way around
Personification
24 You hit your head and then forgot your
name
Hyperbole
No Code Expression Figurative Language
That's when the city lights starts falling
for the sea, winding roads are winding
down
Simile
28 I wish the world was alive like you, I wish the wind would blow me through
Personification
29
9
A squirrel in the tree is he watching me Personification
30 Murderous crow, hey what you know Methapore
31
Is that a twig, are you a dove of peace
a black dove undercover, with another
puzzle piece
Simile
32 Up in the major's tree, the one he
planted back when he was just a boy
Simile
33 The planet's talking about a revolution Personification
34
10
Living life of a cat, I just wanna relax
here and write another rap tune
Hyperbole
35 I'm try in' to keep with the Joneses,
while waiting for guns and the roses
Metonymy
36
Half a politician holding the mic like
ammunition and my vision is as simple
No Code Expression Figurative Language
40 If I should be so bold, I'd ask you to hold my heart in your hand
Hyperbole
41
12
And it's a beautiful mess, yes it is. It's
like, we're picking up trash in dresses
Simile
42 We'll fly like birds not of this earth Personification
43 You're the kind of girl who can take
down a man,
Hyperbole
44 And tides they turn and hearts
disfigure
Hyperbole
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the data are taken from English song by Jason Mraz from “We sing, we dance, we steal things” album such as:
1. Make It Mine 2. I'm Yours
3. Lucky (ft. Collbie Caillat) 4. Butterfly
5. Live High
6. Love For A Child 7. Details In the Fabric 8. Coyotes
9. Only Human
10.The Dynamo Of Volition 11.If It Kills Me12.
The writer chooses the songs of Jason Mraz because she knows that many of this contains the figurative language, especially the above songs.
Before analyzing and interpreting the data, it is important to know that there are four ways in analyzing the data. The techniques of analyzing data in this research are:
1. Reading and learning all sentences from the text of the songs 2. Identifying the figurative language
3. Analyzing and classifying the sentences which had figurative language or in terms of their structural aspect
4. Describing the messages conveyed in Jason Mraz songs from “We sing, we dance, we steal things,” album
There are connotative and denotative meanings in Jason Mraz‟s songs, so the writer must be careful to interpret the data investigated will be useful and clearly understood.
A. Data Analysis Of Figurative Language
The most important part of this research is the result of data analysis. This analysis is based on text meaning of figurative language
1. The data (01) entitles “Make It Mine”
a. Lyric : The one that tells you to taste past the tip of your tongue
Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : The writer just wants to say “to express it past / to talk it past”
Figurative : Methapore
Reason : The writer just wants to say “life journey” c. Lyric : I don't wanna wake before The dream is over
Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : The writer just wants to say “living statement / becoming dream real”
2. The data (02) entitles “I'm Yours”
a. Lyric : I tried to be chill but you're so hot that I melted Figurative : Paradox
Reason : Because chill and hot is contradictory, it is one of paradox characteristic
b. Lyric : And nothing's going to stop me but divine intervention Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just want to say “there is no that can predict it when was i will
stopped”
c. Lyric : I've been spending way too long checking my tongue in the mirror
Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : The writer just wants to say “I need it time long to prove it mine”
d. Lyric : But do you want to come on Scooch on over closer dear And I will nibble your ear
Reason : It has closely associated with “I expect you are coming because I miss you”
3. The data (03) entitles “Lucky (ft. Collbie Caillat)”
a. Lyric : I'm lucky I'm in love with my best friend, Lucky to have been where I have been
Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : There is the exaggeration of the word “I'm lucky I'm in love with my best friend”, because writer willing to
appear it strength of luckiness from these loves.
b. Lyric : You'll hear the music fill the air I'll put a flower in your hair
Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “I admire you that i expressing like the air
blowing that to face waving of music and i will insert it a flower in your hair”
c. Lyric : I feel your whisper across the sea Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say that I expect you is nearest people and came from my yard's village.
Figurative : Personification
Reason : It has closely associated with “we taste within with love and of i own yourself to forever”
e. Lyric : I'm talking to you Across the water across the deep blue ocean
Figurative : Simile
Reason : The writer just wants to say that “I express it feeling of love this to yourself, although place different we (the far distance love)”
4. The data (04) entitles “Butterfly”
a. Lyric : I wanna fly with you and I don't wanna lie to you Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “I said honest want with you”
b. Lyric : Butterfly, well you landed on my mind Figurative : Methapore
Reason : The writer just wants to say “the existed in thinking just only you (someone this my loves)”
c. Lyric : Climb in my mouth now child Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “pronouncing/say an out word from my mouth
d. Lyric : Oh, kiss me with your eyelashes tonight or Eskimo your nose real close to mine
Figurative : Personification
Reason : It has closely associated with “life statement that tonight you are the life that of i own”
e. Lyric : I'm your pole and all you're wearing is your shoes Figurative : Methapore
Reason : “all you're wearing is your shoes” is cause and “I'm your pole” is effect
f. Lyric : Ride your tongue along your bottom lip and bite down Figurative : Paradox
Reason : Because ride and tongue is contradictory, it is one of paradox characteristic
5. The data (05) entitles “Live High”
a. Lyric : I try to picture a girl through a looking glass and see her as a carbon atom, see her eyes and stare back at
them
Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “to describe it good personality or bad a girl”
b. Lyric : Though her home is on the surface she is still a universe
Reason : The writer just wants to say “parted place stay in universe”
c. Lyric : Glory God, oh God is peeking through the blinds Figurative : Paradox
Reason : Because Glory God and peeking through the blinds is contradictory, it is one of paradox characteristic
6. The data (06) entitles “Love For A Child”
a. Lyric : There's a couple getting steamy in the car parked in the drive
Figurative : Metonymy
Reason : “a couple getting steamy” is cause and “the car parked in the drive” is effect
b. Lyric : Was it mom who put my dad out on his ass or the other way around
Figurative : Personification
Reason : It has closely associated with “missing a child on separation second its old peoples”
c. Lyric : You hit your head and then forgot your name Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “forget it all matter from my remembering”
7. The data (07) entitles “Details In the Fabric”
Figurative : Personification
Reason : It has closely associated with “life journey or wheel of life peoples”
8. The data (08) entitles “Coyotes”
a. Lyric : Then the city life has crumbled to the sea Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “it‟s happen changing order city life”
b. Lyric : It's when the city lights starts falling for the sea, winding roads are winding down
Figurative : simile
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “lights starts falling for the sea”
c. Lyric : I wish the world was alive like you, I wish the wind would blow me through
Figurative : Personification
Reason : It has closely associated with “willing to in know in around the world”
9. The data (09) entitles “Only Human”
a. Lyric : A squirrel in the tree is he watching me Figurative : Personification
b. Lyric : Murderous crow, hey what you know Figurative : Methapore
Reason : The writer just wants to say “it’s hunter / law upholder / justified”
c. Lyric : Is that a twig, are you a dove of peace a black dove undercover, with another puzzle piece
Figurative : Simile
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “peacefulness symbol to be parabled a pigeon
that perch in a tree twig”
d. Lyric : Up in the major's tree, the one he planted back when he was just a boy
Figurative : Simile
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “comprehension a the regulation is applied to
child since age early”
e. Lyric : The planet's talking about a revolution Figurative : Personification
Reason : The writer just wants to say “will it’s happen revolution / structural changing”
10.The data (10) entitles “The Dynamo Of Volition”
Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “do life what existence without existence
prosecuting and pressure”
b. Lyric : I'm try in' to keep with the Joneses, while waiting for guns and the roses
Figurative : Metonymy
Reason : “I'm try in' to keep” is cause and “waiting for guns and the roses” is effect
c. Lyric : Half a politician holding the mic like ammunition and my vision is as simple as light
Figurative : Personification
Reason : It has closely associated with “willing realize it mission and the vision that have been arranged”
d. Lyric : Driving off on your blind man's bike, you can say just what you like or nothing can stop you
Figurative : Simile
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “to execute it a matter according to side and like
heart”
11.The data (11) entitles “If It Kills Me”
Figurative : Simile
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “wish to someone or to expect it a matter to
someone so that realized”
b. Lyric : And I will find a way to you if it kills me Figurative : Personification
Reason : It has closely associated with “to find way to show although way mentioned to endangered”
c. Lyric : If I should be so bold, I'd ask you to hold my heart in your hand
Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “braveness to hold promise / loyalty”
12.The data (12) entitles “A beautiful Mess”
a. Lyric : And it's a beautiful mess, yes it is. It's like, we're picking up trash in dresses
Figurative : Simile
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “confusion a feeling expressing man to a girl”
b. Lyric : We'll fly like birds not of this earth Figurative : Personification
c. Lyric : You're the kind of girl who can take down a man, Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “to praise of prettiness a girl”
d. Lyric : And tides they turn and hearts disfigure Figurative : Hyperbole
Reason : This lyric containing exaggeration the writer just wants to say “mutual to accept and fill in while difficult also
happy”
B. The Denotative Meaning and Connotative Meaning
Denotation is the potential of a word (Charles.W. Kreidler, 1998: 43). It has meant what the word expresses is the tune of words meaning, the messages which will extend, without manipulated, it easier to understand. Denotative meaning is the dictionary meaning of word. John C. Hodges and Marry says (1984:249) that the denotation of word is what the word actually signifies. According to the dictionary, the word hair denotes “one of the fine, threadlike structures that grow from the skin of most mammals.”
nudity, strength, uncleanliness, temptation, rebellion, or primitivism. The Connotation of a word includes the emotions or associations that surround it. In the Oxford dictionary; connotation is idea or quality suggested by a word in addition to its main meaning. From the quotation above, connotative is used to the message through explicitly meaning or hidden messages.
In terms of denotative and connotative meaning the writer found some sentences used in lyric Jason Mraz songs album‟s 2008.
a. The data (01) entitles “Make It Mine” i. Lyric : I'm gonna make it mine
Meaning : denotative
Reason : The denotative meaning of this sentence is the writer willing realizes it dreaming. The words „make‟ refers to form (something) by putting parts together or combining substances; construct; create.
ii. Lyric : I keep my life on a heavy rotation Meaning : connotative
Reason : The conntotative meaning of this sentence is he still on their life as usual although the fluctuative thing in daily life.
iii. Lyric : The one that tells you to taste past the tip of your tongue
Meaning : connotative
“to memorize what happenend in the past” and the sentence „tip of your tongue‟ refers to a feeling
something
iv. Lyric : And all the angels they'll be singing Meaning : connotative
Reason : no source shows the angel sings. Its hyperbol. It just informs that main character feel happy and willingness to express his love to somebody.
b. The data (02) entitles “I'm Yours”
a. Lyric : And nothin's gonna stop me but divine intervention Meaning : denotative
Reason : The denotative meaning of this sentence is the writer god's of power.
b. Lyric : But my breath fogged up the glass Meaning : denotative
Reason : its hyperbol meaning. The denotative meaning of this sentence is the writer to proof it existence life.
c. Lyric : I tried to be chill but you’re so hot that I melted Meaning : connotative
Reason : It‟s meant, the writer feel it is existence patience and anger in to do it
c. The data (03) entitles “Lucky (ft. Collbie Caillat)”
Meaning : denotative
Reason : The denotative meaning of this sentence is the writer existence spirited in the life.
Lyric : I'm talking to you Across the water across the deep blue ocean
Meaning : connotative
Reason : The connotative meaning of the word “talking to you Across the water across” is “feeling from heart”.
Lyric : I feel your whisper across the sea. I keep you with me in my heart
Meaning : connotative
Reason : its mean, the writer emphasize his girl about his feeling.
Expresses a faith to him. d. The data (04) entitles “Butterfly”
a. Lyric : I’m taking a moment just imagining that I’m dancing with you
Meaning : denotative
Reason : The denotative meaning of this sentence is the main character above he wishes to dance with his girlfriend b. Lyric : Hey sophisticated lady, oh you got it all
Meaning : denotative
