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Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera on July 23 rd, 2014
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP. 19511013 1976031 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, SH. MA. _________________________
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS _________________________
Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOL _________________________
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA, Ph.D _________________________
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, GEMA JUITA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCES IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : GEMA JUITA
TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACT CLASSIFICATION AND ILLOCUTIONARY FUNCTION TOWARD JOHN F. KENNEDY’S CANDIDACY PRESIDENCY CAMPAIGN SPEECH WITH HIS INAUGURAL ADDRESS
QUALIFICATION : S-1/ SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
Signed :
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Great thanks to my Savior Jesus Christ for the way loving me and for the
abundant love in all my life. Everything I do is always guided by him not only when
doing this thesis but also when running other activities. All my life belongs to him
and is sacrificed only for his glory. Then I also thank my parents especially my
mother in heaven who ever struggled raising me up for more than sixteen years.
Having you is a grace in my life. You have thought me to be a stronger daughter. I
wish you were there seeing standing at front and celebrating my graduation. I just
believe that one day we will meet again. Many stories I want to tell so please prepare
your best time to listen. Thank to my step mother who considers me as her own
blood daughter and still keep supporting me and laying a great hope on me. Thank to
my other blood families who also teaching me right from wrong. My beloved
brother, Tota Manahan (Nauli), he is my best teacher in making me into a better one.
My lovely sisters Eva Marta Lina Sari, Erawinta, and Veronika, thank for always
supporting me in finishing my study and planning my future. To my beloved brother
Kharis Sucipto, I wish him a great future with God wherever he is.
Special thank also delivered to Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, SH. MA as my
supervisor and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph. D as my co-supervisor for their time,
effort, and motivation when guiding me in finishing this thesis. May God always
bless them in committing their responsibility as lecturers, leaders, guider to the
whole students wherever they are. To all lecturers in English Department, thank you
for teaching and giving me lessons and for making me understand about the meaning
of true life. I wish them all become wonderful lecturers this university ever had.
To DOC: Christine Novia especially for the idea she has given, Uli A.
Simanungkalit, Romina Tinambunan, and Grace Sibarani, thank for the concern and
pray. Moment we ever shared will never be forgotten. Studying the Bible together in
our small group helps me to understand people surround me. To my PKK in this
small group, thank for guiding me facing this life and for the teaching many things
which helps me growing in mature spirituality. Also to my Asahi: Mulia N. Sirait,
Fifian Simanjuntak, and Solian T. Situmorang, thank for the pray and love they give
to me. Having them as my beloved sisters has taught me to be better and better. Time
we spent together will always be a great moment in my life. To all friends in
administering: Siska, Desni, Anita, Gamelish Sarni, Hery, Wendy, Tuty, Evi, Tio,
Ana, Lina, Shinta, and much more, thank you for praying and loving, for listening
my doubt and burdens, for supporting me especially in completing my thesis. To
other friends that I cannot mention in this very short acknowledgment, I know you
are there to support me in all my struggles.
Medan, 2014
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul “An Analysis of Speech Act Classification and Illocutionary Function toward John. F. Kennedy’s Candidacy Presidency Campaign Speech and his Inaugural Address”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan penggunaan tindak tutur dan fungsi ilokusi yang terdapat dalam pidato kampanye kandidat presiden dan pidato pengukuhan oleh John F. Kennedy, presiden ke-35 Amerika (1961-1963). Teori yang digunakan adalah teori George Yule (1995) yang membedakan lima jenis tindak tutur yaitu declarative,
representative, expressive, directive, dan commissive. Teori yang kedua adalah oleh
Geoffrey N. Leech (1983) yang membagi fungsi ilokusi ke dalam empat bagian yaitu
competitive, convivial, collaborative, dan conflictive. Penelitian ini dikaji dengan
menggunakan metode dekriptif kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan penggunaan tindak tutur dan fungsi ilokusi yang diucapkan penutur ketika menyampaikan pidato di dalam dua situasi yang berbeda dan dengan tujuan pidato yang berbeda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan 15 tuturan yang menggunakan tindak tutur
declarative, 8 tuturan representative,1 tuturan expressive, 4 tuturan directive, dan 21
tuturan commissive di dalam pidato kampanye kandidat presiden. Sementara pada
pidato pengukuhan, ditemukan 13 tuturan yang menggunakan tindak tutur
declarative, 11 tuturan representative, 1 tuturan expressive, 21 tuturan directive, dan
6 tuturan commissive. Fungsi ilokusi yang ditemukan dalam pidato kampanye
kandidat presiden adalah 29 tuturan yang menggunakan fungsi competitive,3 tuturan
dengan fungsi convivial, 17 tuturan dengan fungsi collaborative, sementara fungsi
conflictive tidak ditemukan. Sementara dalam pidato pengukuhan, ditemukan 26
tuturan yang menggunakan fungsi competitive, 18 tuturan dengan fungsi convivial, 7
tuturan dengan fungsi collaborative, dan 1 tuturan dengan fungsi conflictive.
Perbandingan penggunaan tindak tutur dan fungsi ilokusi terlihat jelas bahwa dalam pidato kampanye, tindak tutur yang paling sering digunakan adalah commissive dan
fungsi ilokusi competitive, sementara dalam pidato pengukuhan yang paling sering
digunakan adalah tindak tutur directive dengan fungsi ilokusi competitive. Perbedaan
ini terjadi karena tujuan dari kedua pidato tersebut berbeda.
Kata kunci: tindak tutur, fungsi ilokusi, pidato kampanye kandidat presiden, pidato pengukuhan, John F. Kennedy.
ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled with “An Analysis of Speech Act Classification and Illocutionary Function toward John. F. Kennedy’s Candidacy Presidency Campaign Speech and his Inaugural Address”. The research is aimed to analyze and to compare the using of speech act and illocutionary function in a Candidacy Presidency Campaign Speech and inaugural address by John F. Kennedy, the thirty fifth president of United States (1961-1963). The theory applied is by George Yule (1995) who differentiates five classifications of speech act and they are declarative, representative, expressive, directive, and commissive. The second theory applied is by Geoffrey N. Leech (1983) who differentiates illocutionary function into four and they are competitive, convivial, collaborative, and conflictive. This research is analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method by describing the using of speech act and illocutionary function when the speaker delivering his speeches in two different situations with different goals of speech. Based on the research the Candidacy Presidency Campaign Speech contains 15 utterances that using declarative speech act, 8 utterances in representative, 1 utterance in expressive, 4 utterances in directive, and 21 utterances in commissive. While in Inaugural Address, there are 13 utterances that using declarative speech act, 11 utterances in representative, 1 utterance in expressive, 21 utterances in directive, and 6 utterances in commissive. The illocutionary functions found in Candidacy Presidency Campaign Speech are 29 utterances that using competitive function, 3 utterances in convivial, 17 utterances in collaborative, while conflictive function is not found here. In Inaugural Address, the illocutionary functions found are 26 utterances that using competitive function, 18 utterances in convivial, 7 utterances in collaborative, and 1 utterance in conflictive. The difference of the using speech classification and illocutionary function is clear enough that the most used speech act found in Candidacy Presidency Campaign Speech is commissive with competitive function. While the most used speech act in Inaugural Address is directive with competitive function. The difference found is due to different goals of speech.
Key words: speech act, illocutionary function, Candidacy Presidency Campaign Speech, Inaugural Address, John F. Kennedy.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION………...v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION………..vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.………..vii
ABSTRAK ……….ix
ABSTRACT……….x
TABLE OF CONTENTS………...xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION………...1
1.1Background of the Analysis………1
1.2Problems of the Study………...6
1.3Objectives of the Study………...6
1.4Scope of the Study………..…6
1.5Significances of Study………7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…………..……..9
2.1 Theoretical Framework………...9
2. 1. 1 Speech as Social Interaction....….………..…………...9
2. 1. 2 An Overview of Speech Act….………...10
2. 1. 3 Speech Act Verb……….11
2. 1. 5 Speech Act Classification ………...13
2. 1. 6 Illocutionary Functions………16
2. 1. 7 Language, Politic, and Power………..19
2. 2 Preview of Related Literature………...21
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ………..24
3.1 Method of the Study………..24
3.2 Data and Data Source………24
3.3 Technique of Data Analysis………..25
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS………..26
4.1 Analysis………..…...26
4.2 Findings………..74
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION………80
5.1 Conclusions………..80
5.2 Suggestions………..82
REFERENCES……….84
APENDIX
