T B.ING 1201623 Table of content

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Eri Subekti, 2016

TEACHER ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN A NON-FORMAL ADULT EFL CONVERSATION CLASS Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

Table of Contents

1.3Research objectives ……….. 3

1.4The Scope of the study ………. 3

1.5Significance of the study………. 4

1.6Definition of Key Term ……….. 5

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ………..…… 6

2.1Corrective Feedback ……….………... 6

2.1.1 Issues Concerning Corrective Feedback ……… 7

2.1.2 Principles for Corrective Feedback ……… 13

2.1.3 Types of Oral Corrective Feedback……… 15

2.1.3.1Recast ……….. 16

2.1.3.2Explicit Correction ……….. 17

2.1.3.3Elicitation ………... 18

2.1.3.4Metalingustic Feedback ……… 20

2.1.3.5Clarification Request ……….. 21

2.1.3.6Repetition ……… 22

2.1.3.7Translation ……….. 23

2.1.4 Uptake ………. 24

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2.1.6 Error ……… 30

2.1.7 Types of Error ………. 31

2.1.8 Error Treatment Sequence ………. 33

2.2Non-Formal Education ………..……….. 35

2.3Characteristics of Adult Learners………... 36

2.4Corrective Feedback of Teaching Speaking to Adult in Non-Formal Education ……… 38

2.5Previous Studies ……….. 39

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ……… 42

3.1Research design ………. 42

3.2Research Site and Participants ……… 43

3.3Data Collection Techniques ………..……… 45

3.3.1 Observation ………….……… 46

3.3.2 Stimulated Recall Interview ..……….. 47

3.4Data analysis ……….. 49

3.4.1 Analyzing the Data from Audio and Video Recordings .… 49 3.4.2 Analyzing the Data from Stimulated Recall Interview ... ..… 52

3.5Validity ……….. 53

CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION ……… 54

4.1Types of Teacher’s Oral Corrective Feedback and Their Distribution 54 4.1.1 Recast ………..………. 56

4.1.2 Explicit Correction ……….. 57

4.1.3 Elicitation ………. 58

4.1.4 Metalinguistic Feedback ……….. 60

4.1.5 Clarification Request ……….. 61

4.1.6 Repetition ……… 62

4.1.7 Translation ……… 62

4.2 Implementation of Teacher’s Oral Corrective Feedback and Students’ Uptake ………..………..… 63

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4.2.1.1The Implementation of Recast on Grammatical Error 66 4.2.1.2The Implementation of Recast on Lexical Error …. 73 4.2.1.3The Implementation of Recast on Phonological Error 77 4.2.2 The Implementation of Explicit Correction ………. 78 4.2.2.1The Implementation of Explicit Correction on Grammatical

Error ……… 80

4.2.2.2 The Implementation of Explicit Correction on Lexical Error

……….. 82

4.2.2.3 The Implementation of Explicit Correction on Phonological

Error ……… 85

4.2.3 The Implementation of Elicitation ………. 86 4.2.3.1 The Implementation of Elicitation on Grammatical Error

……….. 88

4.2.3.2 The Implementation of Elicitation on Lexical Error .. 91 4.2.3.3 The Implementation of Elicitation on Phonological Error

………. 94

4.2.4 The Implementation of Metalinguistic Feedback ………… 95 4.2.4.1 The Implementation of Metalinguistic Feedback on

Grammatical Error ……….. 96

4.2.4.2 The Implementation of Metalinguistic Feedback on Lexical

Error ……… 99

4.2.5 The Implementation of Clarification Request ………... 102 4.2.5.1 The Implementation of Clarification Request on

Grammatical Error ……….. 103

4.2.5.2 The Implementation of Clarification Request on Lexical

Error ……… 105

4.2.5.3 The Implementation of Clarification Request on

Phonological Error ……….. 107

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4.2.6.1 The Implementation of Repetition on Grammatical Error

……… 109

4.2.6.2 The Implementation of Repetition on Lexical Error ……… 112

4.2.6.3 The Implementation of Repetition on Phonological Error ……… 113

4.2.7 The Implementation of Translation ………. 113

4.2.7.1 The Implementation of Translation on Lexical Error 115 4.3Discussion ……… 116

CHAPTER V ……… 122

5.1 Conclusion ……… 122

5.2 Recommendation ………..……….. 123

References ………..………..………….… 125

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List of Tables

Table 2.1 Types of Oral Corrective Feedback from Lyster and Ranta (1997), Ellis (2009), and Panova and Lyster (2002) ..……….……….. 15 Table 2.2 Types of Oral Corrective Feedback by Ellis (2009) …………. 24

Table 3.1 Observation Schedule ..……….. 46

Table 3.2 Categorization of Oral Corrective Feedback ..……… 50 Table 3.3 Table Design for the Distribution of Feedback Types ……….. 51 Table 3.4 Table Design for the Distribution of Types of Error Followed by

Corrective Feedback ……… 52

Table 4.1 Distribution of Oral Corrective Feedback …..……….…. 54 Table 4.2 Table of Error Types Followed by Oral Corrective Feedback ….. 63 Table 4.3 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Recast ………. 65 Table 4.4 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on Recast ……….. 65 Table 4.5 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on Recast …... 67 Table 4.6 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on Recast ………… 73 Table 4.7 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Explicit Correction ... 78 Table 4.8 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on Explicit Correction 79 Table 4.9 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on

Explicit Correction ………..……… 80

Table 4.10 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on Explicit Correction 83 Table 4.11 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Elicitation ..………. 86 Table 4.12 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on Elicitation ..…. 87 Table 4.13 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on Elicitation 88 Table 4.14 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on Elicitation …… 92 Table 4.15 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on

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Table 4.16 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on

Metalinguistic Feedback ……….……… 95

Table 4.17 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on

Table 4.18 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on

Table 4.19 Table Distribution of Repaired Uptake on Clarification Request 102 Table 4.20 Table Distribution of Needs-Repair Uptake on

Clarification Request ………..………. 103

Table 4.21 Table Distribution of Grammatical Error Types on

Clarification Request ……… 104

Table 4.22 Table Distribution of Lexical Error Types on

Clarification Request ……… 106