TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF FIVE SHORT STORIES IN ‘THE SHORT STORY’ BOOK EDITED BY WILFRED STONE, NANCY H. P. AND ROBERT HOOPES
A THESIS BY:
FANI GUMANTI REG. NO. 100705009
Supervisor, Co- Supervisor
Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum. Dra. Roma Ayuni Lubis, M A NIP. 19570626 198303 2 001 NIP. 19680122 199803 2 001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department
of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination
Head, Secretary,
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of Sarjana Sastra from department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural studies
University of Sumatera Utara on Thursday 10 April, 2014
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Muhizar Muchtar, MS ...
Rahmadsyah rangkuti, MA. Ph.D ...
Drs. Chairul Husni, M. Ed. TESOL ...
ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God, Allah SWT
and the Prophet Muhammad SAW as the messenger. Prise is to Allah for blessing me
in completing this thesis and the mercy that has been given to me.
A great many thanks is dedicated to Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A as the Dean of
Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar,
M.S as the Head of English department, Drs. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum as the
supervisor who has shared her time in guiding me while I was studying in this
program and always give me advises and critics that are very helpful and for Dra.
Roma Ayuni Lubis, M.A as the co-supervisor who has shared her knowledge and
time in guiding me in finishing this thesis. And thank to all lecturers in English
Department for giving me the instructions, tuitions, advices, and knowledge.
The most special thank is dedicated to my beloved parents, my step father
Mawardi, and my mother Fatmaweli, who has given me love, care support and
always pray for me, she is the best mother ever for me. I thank to my little sister
Rima Gumanti and my little brother Ilham Gumanti, who always make me smile
when I was sad. My thank is also dedicated to my sweetheart Usman Halomoan
Ritonga for the support, spirit and wise advice for me. Last but no least I would like
to thank to my best friend “Miss One”: Sonya Anggraini, Fatimah Rizki, Ayu
Pandini Lubis, and Paramitha Sari Sinaga for their kindness, attention and loyalty.
ii
I realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect. I was trying my best to
complete this thesis by having knowledge from my academic study. Therefore,
advice, constructive criticism, and suggestion aimed for this thesis will be warmly
welcome and highly appreciated.
Medan, 10 April 2014
The writer,
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, FANI GUMANTI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSE WHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FORM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QULIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUMMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
iv
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : FANI GUMANTI
TITLE OF THESIS : TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF FIVE SHORT STORIES IN
‘THE SHORT STORY’ BOOK EDITED BY
WILFRED STONE, NANCY H. P. AND ROBERT HOOPES
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SASRJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled “Transitivity Process and Narrative Structure of Five Short Stories in ‘The Short Story’ Book Written by Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. and Robert Hoopes” studies about transitivity process and schematic structure of narrative genre in five short stories in ‘The Short Story’ book written by Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. and Robert Hoopes. This analysis used descritive qualitative method (Bungin, 2001:290), to get the most dominant process is used Bungin’s formula (2005, 171- 172).
The analysis is done by stating the kind of processes and finding the schematic elements in narrative discourse. The theory that is used in analyzing the data is Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory of Halliday (1985). The model of schematic structure used is Martin’s model (1984).
The analysis found that each short story has six types of Transitivity Process. They are: material process, relational process, mental process, existential process and behavioural process. The most dominant process in each short story is material structure, Abstract, Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution, and Coda. There are two short stories, “The Last Judgement (Karel Capek)” dan “Wife-Wooing (John Updike)” that have no Abstract.
vi ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul “Transitivity Process and Narrative Structure of Five Short Stories in ‘The Short Story’ Book Written by Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. and Robert Hoopes” berisi kajian tentang proses transitivitas dan struktur skematika genre naratif yang terdapat pada lima cerita pendek dalam buku ‘The Short Story’ yang ditulis oleh Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. dan Robert Hoopes. Analisis ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif (Bungin, 2001:290). Untuk mendapatkan proses yang paling dominan digunakan formula yang dikembangkan oleh Bungin (2005, 171-172).
Metode analisis data dilakukan dengan melihat jenis-jenis proses dan menemukan unsur-unsur skematika yang terdapat dalam wacana naratif. Landasan teori yang digunakan dalam penganalisisan adalah teori Linguistik Fungsional Sistematik yang dipelopori oleh Halliday (1985). Model analisis struktur skematika yang digunakan adalah model Martin (1984).
Hasil analisis data ditemukan bahwa dalam masing-masing cerpen masing memiliki enam jenis porses transitivitas yaitu proses material, proses relational, proses mental, proses verbal, proses existential dan proses behavioural. Process yang paling dominan dalam masing-masing cerita pendek adalah proses material dengan persentase: 36,78% dalam cerita pendek “The Rock” (E. M. Foster), 33,51% dalam cerita pendek “Hills Like White Elephant” (Ernest Hemingway), 59,03% dalam cerita pendek “Wife – Wooing” (John Updike), 38,98% dalam cerita pendek “The Last Judgement” (Karel Capek), dan 60,71% dalam cerita pendek “The Shore” (Alain Robbe-Grillet).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER II : THEORITICAL CONCEPTS AND RELEVANT STUDIES 2.1 Theoretical Concepts ………....11
2.1.1 An Overview of Discourse Analysis………..……11
viii
5.1 Conclusions………...82
5.2 Suggestions……….………..83
REFERENCES
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 : The Distribution of Process Types in “The Rock” (E. M. Foster) text (73)
Table 2 : The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “The Rock” (E. M. Foster) text (74)
Table 3 : The Distribution of Process Types in “Hills Like White elephant” (Ernest hemingway) text (74)
Table 8 : The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “The Last Judgement” (Karel Capek) text (77)
Table 9 : The Distribution of Process Types in “The Shore” (Alain Robbe-Grillet) text (78)
