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UTUPIA AS REVEALED THRUUGH SETTI G

AS A CRITICISM TUWARD THE 1800S AMERICA SUCIETY I EDWARD BELLAMY’S LOOKI G BACKWARD 2000 – 1887

A THESIS

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UTUPIA AS REVEALED THRUUGH SETTI G

AS A CRITICISM TUWARD THE 1800S AMERICA SUCIETY I EDWARD BELLAMY’S LOOKI G BACKWARD 2000 – 1887

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UTUPIA AS REVEALED THRUUGH SETTI G

AS A CRITICISM TUWARD THE 1800S AMERICA SUCIETY I EDWARD BELLAMY’S LOOKI G BACKWARD 2000 – 1887

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-CHAPTER I I TRUDUCTIU 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111& *1 ! 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111& 1 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111% 1 6 - ! 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111% 1 + 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111%

CHAPTER II REVIEW UF RELATED LITERATURE111111111111111111111111111111111; *1 - / + 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111; &1 + 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111; '1 + ! 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111) F1 + 5 , , 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111&$ 1 - / + ! <. 111111111111111111111111111&%

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CHAPTER III METHUDULUGY1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111'$ *1 6 ! 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111'$ 1 *,, ! 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111'' 1 2 ! 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111''

CHAPTER IV A ALYSIS1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111'( *1 ! / > 0Looking Backward,2000 18871111111111111111111'( 1 5 , ! / * ! &)$$ 1111111111111111($

CHAPTER V CU CLUSIU A D SUGGESTIU 111111111111111111111111111111111111111(9 *1 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111(9

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CHAPTER I I TRUDUCTIU

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CHAPTER III METHUDULUGY

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CHAPTER IV A ALYSIS

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0 - - 0

-1 +

-/ / 1

0 , , / /

/ < 0 - 1

/ / 0 ,,

/ , - 1 + , , ,

- / < 1 , ,

- 1

#

+ - / / 2 0

(47)

FF

- 0 / 0 / <

> - 0 - < - 0 7FF81

* < - 0 , , 5 , !

- , < - 1

, ,, ,0 , ,

1 + / - ,

, 1 + / 1 + /

/ / / , 1 ,

0 , , / ,, / . /

/ 3, 1 +

- , /

-3, / 1

, 5 , ! Looking Backward, 2000 1887

A / 1 / 1 +

- - ,

, , 1 Looking Backward> ! 0 , / /

1 - - / 1

=

B ,, - , / 0C 1

B - / - /

/ / 1 . / - ,

-/ H /

-, H HC

B. 0C , 1 0 B 1 + C 7(G81

(48)

F(

, A 0 , , 1 * ,

, , - / / 1 . / - 0

-, , 0 / - , 1 + , , ,

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- #

B1110 - , ,, 0

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, 1 * / - A 0

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- 1 - 0 /

-, 0 - , ,0

0 C 7;&81

, 0 -

-/ , 1 +

- , 1 + , , 1 1

- 0 B" / 0 / A

, , , , , 0

/ , , 0 , C 7G'81

b) Production and Distribution

+ Looking Backward>

, 1 Looking Backward>

, - 1 * 1

-/ = B* 0 - /

(49)

F%

/ 1

, / , , - 1

- 1 > =

/ / 0 >

/ / 3 /

, , / , - 0

0 0 , / 7(%81

+ , 1 * ,

/ 1 + ,

/ , 1 + /

31 *

, 0 3 / ,, - / 0

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1 * 0 / , ,

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1

1 = / - B

C 7(;81 !

3 Looking Backward> 0

0 1 0

, / 3 1

Looking Backward> 0 , , ,

1 + ,

- ,

(50)

F9

* , ,

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-7(981

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1 + ,

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0 / 3 /

-/ C 7(%81

, - 1 + > 1 0

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1 * 1 + ,

0

1

+ / , 1 +

, , 1 +

/ , , , 1 +

, , / 1 + /

, , - , 1 5 0 / ,

/ 1 / ,

(51)

F;

, / , , A 6 , 0

, , , , 1 3, ,

/ 0 / , / , , A /

- 1

3) Emigration and Travelling to another Country

Looking Backward> / ,

1 0 - A

1 5 , 0

-, 0 / 1 1

, 1 / <

0 /

-, / > 1 0

/ / / , /

/ 1 0 3,

3,

-- 1 + /

/ 1 + ,

, / / 1 , /

- 1 1 - 0 B*

, 0 ,

/ 0 ,,

(52)

F)

C 7;G81

Looking Backward>

-1 - 1

3, - 1 BC* * 0C ,

1 0 B 6 , * 0

, 0 0 3

- CC 7;G81 / /

- 0 3

/ - 1

4) President Election

+ , Looking Backward>

- , * 1 +

, / / ,

1 * 0 / 1 +

, /

* 1 + , ,,

1 , / - , /

6 * 0 , 0 0 1

5) Education

, , 5 , ! 1 +

(53)

FG

1 = < , 3,

- 5 , , 0 BF1 ,

-/ 3 0 /

, - C 7&)81 , , 5 , 6 6

- / 1

Looking Backward> 0 A - 6

1 + - - , , 6

/ < 1 * 1

- Looking

Backward> ? 0 - ,

- / 0 6 ?

0 / A - 0

6 ? 0

, 7&'F81 0 , , 5 ,

, ,

/ / 1 + - , , /

, 1 0 -

-/ , 1 * 0

-/

/ - 0

- 0 /

0 0 /

1

-/ , 0 3 , ,

(54)

($

B. Utopia as A Criticism toward American Society in 1800s

, 0 / ,

-> - , , = ,

1 + 3, , Looking

Backward, 2000 1887 - 0

0 - > 1 + , 3, >

/ * &)$$> 1 +

3, 3 , 1

3, ,

-- Looking Backward, 2000 1887 1 +

, - - A *

! &)$$ 1

1. Criticism through The General Dining House

+ 3,

, - 1 / 0

- 0 - / * ! &)$$

3 + @ . , , 1 + ,

, . /

-/ , - 1 * * /

- 0 / ,

-, , 1 0 , ,

(55)

(&

- Looking Backward> ,

A - 1

-+ - A 0 0 / > , 0 ,

,

- , 1 - /

0 0 / , , - , /

-, , < A 0 , , 0

/ 73- 81

+ , + @ . Looking Backward>

* &)$$ 1 *

&)$$ 0 - , ,

1 - / , /

- / , 0 0 0

-- 1 + ,

, 1

0 , ,

1 + , A ,

/ - 1 , / , <

, / , 1

+ , /

-, A , , 1 + /

, , , 1

B+ A

(56)

('

2. Criticism through the Prosperity of Labors

0 / 3,

5 , Looking Backward, 2000 18871

, 0 - 1 Looking Backward>

- - 0 1 +

-/ 1 + /

- / / 1

+ , , - 0 1

+ - /

/ / 1 A

-- 1 + - - A

1 - 0 B1110 /

-> / 0

/ C 7&$'81

5 , ! Looking Backward, 2000 1887

- , - A / 0

A 1 A ,

- 1 - A

1

+ , - , . < - 0

/ /

/ 1 5 , 0 / / 1

(57)

(F

, 0 -

-0 Looking Backward, 2000 18870 /

-/ * 1 /

5 , ! 0 * &)$$ /

1 + * &)$$

-/ / - 1 - /

/ 1 + - / 1

, , 0 , , - - 1

0 , 0 0 - - /

, 1 + 6 / / , , 1 * 0 Garis Besar

Sejarah Amerika 0 B 0 , 6

, , 6 ,

C 7'FF81

+ / - ,, , /

/ / , 1 ,

/ ! < , / 1

, 0 / / - 1 ! 0 /

/ , 1 . / - 0 /

-, , 1 Garis Besar Sejarah Amerika0

B: , 6 6 &$ 6 7&' 6

6 80 , , '$<($ , ,

, C 7'F(81 + ,,

(58)

((

- 1 0 /

-/ 0 / / 1

+ , / , - , ,

/ / A /

/ 0 / 0 , /

1 &))90 / / - . ! 0

/ , / 1 +

, , 6 9$ , , 1

3. Criticism through the System of Immigration and Emigration

+ , - ,

1 -

-* &)$$ 0 0 3,

1 , , / /

-- , 1 * 3 , 0

/ * , 1 0

, , /

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, 1

Looking Backward, 2000 18870 / 1 *

/ A / 0

(59)

(%

B4 / /

-/ C 7;)81

- 0 1

0

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/ / 1

, 1

3 , 0 / < * 0

3, 0

* / 1 *

/ 7 0 ;G81

0 , , / / 1

, - 1

+ , / A *

,

* / 1 * &)$$ 0 , , /

1 , , 0

1 +

/ - * / 1

, / 0 , ! < 0

- 0 / A

/ 1 + , / , /

/ /

1 + A /

(60)

(9

CHAPTER V

CU CLUSIU A D SUGGESTIU

+ , - , 1 +

0 /

-, 1 + ,

,

-!

! 5 - 1

A. Conclusion

+ , 5 , 1 5 , , , 1

, , , 3 1 * =

- 5 , 1 +

- 0 - 0 ,

-/ 3 0 /

, - 0 , / - 0

, / 1

+ , 5 , - Looking Backward, 2000

18871 + - / / &));0

, 1 ,

/ 1 0 - /

(61)

(;

+ / / ,

1 + , / ,

-- 0Looking Backward, 2000 18871 - 0

5 , ,, 1 Looking Backward>

0 , - <

-0 3 0

-, - 1

+ <

-/ , 1 +

, , , 1 - ,

/ 3 1 ,

/ 1 + , , , 1 * , ,

1 0 <

-/ 1 + / 1

+ Looking Backward> /

5 , , 1 + @ . 7B , C80 : 0

2 . 0 . , 1 , /

5 , 1 B , C , / , ,

- 1 / / - /

/ - 0 , , / - 1

: , / , , , , 1 , ,

,

(62)

()

, 0 , , 3, / 1 +

, / B - C1

+ - >

, - 1 . 0 3, - 0

0 0 , 0 1 *

- * &));1

+ , /

Looking Backward, 2000–1887 - / *

&)$$ 1 + > - *

&)$$ 1 + - 0 A

* &)$$ 1 + /

Looking Backward, 2000–1887 3,

/ * &)$$ 1

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-/ * ! &)$$ 1 +

, @ . / A

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-1 +

A * @ - >

A

(63)

(G

B. Suggestion

* , &0 1 *

0 - , 6 , , / 1 /

- 1 / 0

- - 1 + / - / /

/

- 1

* - 0 , ,

/ > - 0 Looking Backward, 2000 18870 -!

7 81

! / / 0

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/ 1 + /

- 1

+ / / -

-- 1 >

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! 0

1 + - 0 /

- ,, 1 + / /

(64)

%$

0 - , 1 +

3, , 1 0

0 - , 1 + /

, > , / /

(65)

%&

REFERE CES

* 0 21 .1 A Glossary of Literary Terms. 9 . " / 4 # . 0 0 10 &GGF1

* / 0 1 1 The History of the United States1 D 1 D1 " / 4 # ! > ! 0 &G$F1

* / 0 1 1 The History of the United States1 D 1D1 " / 4 # ! > ! 0 &G$F1

0 1 The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms1 3 # 3 5 - 0 &GG$1

0 =1 1 History of the Americas. D 1'1 " / 4 # 2 @ /<. , 0 10 &G%'1

0 1Looking Backward, 2000 1887. " / 4 # 0 &)))1 0 1Critical Practice1 " / 4 # 2 O 1 0 &G)$1

0 1 1 Image of America. + 1 1 @1 D1 1 " / 4 # + D 0 &G%G1

0 =1 Histoire Des’Etats Unis1 + 1 " ! / 1 * 1 6 # 6 "1D0 &G%F1

@ 0 1 . 1 The Encyclopedia Americana1 D 1 &F1 # * , 0 &)'G1 G$$<G$&1

. 1 1 1 Reading the 9ovel: An Introduction to the Techniques Of Interpreting Fiction." / 4 # . , O /0 0 100 &G;;1 . 0 1 .1 An Introduction to the Study of Literature1 # @ @1

. , O 1 + 1 &G&$1

: 0 @1 5 , 1 The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. # 2 2 1 '&'<'&%1

: 0 21*1 1 !1 1 The Anatomy of Prose Fiction1 = #

, : =

+ +

: , 1 &G))1

(66)

%'

0 1 1 + 5 ! 1An Encyclopedia of World History. % 1 ! # @ @1 . , O 1 1" / 4 # . 0 &G;&1 )'(<)'%1

0 D1 .1 1 = 1 Fiction, An Introduction to Reading and Writing.

" / = # <. 0 10 &G)91

0 2 !1 .1 1 Reading and Writing about Literature. " / 4 # . 0 10 &G;&1

! 1 Bayang Bayang Ratu Adil1 = # +1 @ 5 0 &GGG

! 0 1 An Introduction to Fiction. " / 4 # 2 , 0 &G)91

0 =1The Ultimate Philosophy – Book 1 3. # * 0 '$$'1

Electronic Sources

2 " 0 1Anarchist Bombing at a Union Meeting Provoked a Deady Riot1 + &))9 . ! 1 = &90 '$&$1 Q ,#LL &)$$ 1 1 L L A L L $&1 R

! 0 1Edward Bellamy, 1850 18971 = &90 '$&$1

Q ,#LL///1 1 L , L L&)G$ L L 1 R

, 1Edward Bellamy1 ! , ( 0 '$&$1 Q ,#LL///1 / 1 L , L / < R

Looking Backward: 2000–1887 (Critical Overview)1 ! , ( 0 '$&$1

(67)

(68)

3-Appendix I

LESSU PLA

" # ! 0 !

5

-! 6 #

-! # '

+ , # !

, # + , ,

-3

# < , ,

< *,, #

< /

< @ - , ,

+ * # &$$

1. Ubjectives :

! #

&1 ! ,

'1 ! ,

F1 - ,

-(1 @ - , , , 3

2. Learning Activities : a. pre9activities : (10’)

< @

< K / >

(69)

-

3-b. whilst activities : (80’)

&1 , BLooking Backward, 2000 1887C 7&$>8 '1 / 7&$>8

F1 , 7'$>8

(1 , F 7'$>8

%1 7'$>8

c. post activities : (10’)

<

< /

-< A

F1 Source # * , - /

(70)

3-Appendix II Suggested Material for Teaching Intensive Reading II by Using Group Discussion Activity for Second Semester Students in English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University.

# &('<&((

/ 0 / 0 0

- / 1 + / 0

- 0 -

-0 / / - 1

B* / 0 0 -

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B" 0C , 1 B H

2 / - , , /0 /0

1C

B / - - A /

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1 1 B / 0 6 / 1 4

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- 0 ,

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/ A - - 0

, /

0 , , / 0 /

0 , 3 , - 1

-/ / 0 /

- 0 /

/ , , 1C

(71)

3-0 / ,

/ 0 / 1C

B+ , 0C , 1 0 B

, 1 +

- / < < 3 - T 1 +

0 0 / /

-, - 0 , / /

1 +

/ >

-, / > / 0 , ,, 1 - 0

, 6 0 / - / 0 ,,

/ 0 / 1 / 0 , /

/ 6 0 / / ,

0 6 3 - 1C

B A imperium imperio

0C 1

B+ 3 1C 1 , ? B imperium

/ / 1 +

- 3 /

1 + , /

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3 0 ,

, / / 1 - , 3

0 / ,,

0 6 , /

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/ 0 - 0 , / ,

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/ 0 - 1 !

3 / - > - 1 *

1 " / / / / 0 ,

1

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(72)

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service Looking Backward> H 3, U

(73)

33

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(74)

33

Appendix III

SUMMARY

Looking Backward, 2000 1887 5 ,

-0 = 1 + - /

, = > 0 &));1 +

1 + - / 1 +

- , / 1 +

1 + 1 1 .

1 0 1 + ,

= ,1 0 , 1 0 =

, ,1 ,0

* '$$$1

/ / * '$$$1 +

/ * / 1

&));1 - / * , 1

-0 / / 1 +

/ 1 - ,1 1 /

1 + /

-1 + / 0

@ . 0 2 . 0 : 0 . , 0 1 *

- , -

-A 1 0 1

, - 1 *

- 1 + * 1 "

, 1 + - , , ,

, / 1

0 / 1

+ , , 1 +

-A 1

(75)

33

/ 2 . 1 1

, , , - 1

+ / +

1 + *

- , 1 0 .

B , C , , 1 + .

/ - / / ,

- - , , 1 *

-. - : 1

+ / ,

< - 1 . , ,

/ * 1 + 3 0 1

, / 1 *

, 1 / 0

/ 6 0 0 1

3 0 1 - ,

/ 1 1 A /

* - ,,

/ 1 3 0 1 ,

/ 1 . * 6

1 + - 1 +

-1

+ - / 1 +

! 1 0 - 1 ,

1 0 /

/ - - 1

/ 3 &));1

/ T 0 3, - &));

1 + / 1 +

/ = / 1

(76)

-ABSTRACT

!+*"+ 0 *+.* "* :: *.451 Utopia As Revealed through

Setting As a Criticism toward the 1800s American Society in Edward

Bellamy’s Looking Backward 2000–18871 4 # ,

* 0 + + 0 !

5 - 0 '$&$1

/ / Looking Backward 2000 – 1887 &));1 +

- < - 1 /

-, * 1 + - = >

* '$$$1 + '$$$ ,

/ > / / 5 , ! 1 - 0

5 , - / 1

+ / / , # 0 / ,

- Looking Backward 2000 – 18871 ! 0 /

Looking Backward, 2000 1887 - / *

! &)$$ 1

Looking Backward, 2000 1887 /

* ! &)$$ 0 / < ,, 1 +

,, , /

* &)$$ 1 + 1 + ,

- 1 +

,, 1

+ , - ,

-/ > - 0 Looking Backward, 2000 18871 +

? < - 0

0 - , - 1 +

, - - 0 /

* ! &)$$ 1 +

Looking Backward, 2000 18871 +

-, , , &)$$ 1 - 0

, + @

. 1 + /

* &)$$ 1 0 A

* ! &)$$ , , 3,

5 , ! - 1 + /

* &)$$ /

* / 1 / 0 - 0

- - /

(77)

-ABSTRAK

!+*"+ 0 *+.* "* :: *.451 Utopia As Revealed through

Setting As a Criticism toward the 1800s American Society in Edward

Bellamy’s, Looking Backward, 2000–18871 4 # =

0 : 0 5 - !

0 '$&$1

/ - 6 Looking Backward, 2000 –

1887, &));1 0 - , - , 6

1 " - * 6

, <, 6 1 " - ,

= , * '$$$1 2

'$$$ , 0 , 6

2 5 , 1 - 0 5 , ,

1

+ 6 , 6 6 / , #

, 5 , , , - Looking

Backward, 2000 – 18871 : Looking Backward, 2000 –

1887 , * ,

&)$$ 1

5 , ,

* , &)$$ 0 , , 0 0

6 1 ,

* , - Looking Backward, 2000 –

1887 1 ! , 1 !

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< 1

* / 5 , ,

Looking Backward, 2000 – 1887 / 1 *

? , 0 <

0 , , , 1 * 6

/ - 0

, * , &)$$ 1 *

, Looking Backward, 2000 – 18871 :

, - , ,

, , , , &)$$ 1 - 0

, , The General

Dining House1 : 6 ,

, 6 <, 6 * , &)$$ 1 /

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, 6 <, 6 2 5 , - 1 :

* , &)$$

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(78)

-6 ,