ICAADE2015
Procedia –ICCADE201500 (2016) 000–000
1877-0428 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Peer-review under responsibility of IEREK, International experts for Research Enrichment and Knowledge Exchange.
Adaptation LoloanArea Stilt House Design and Construction as
Flood Prevention and Mitigation
Ni Luh Putu Eka Pebriyanti*
The existence Loloan area can't be separated from the history of Islam in Jembrana. Loloan is the name of the village that located in Jembrana district of Bali province, separated by a river called IjoGadingriver. Islam first entered Jembrana about 1653 to 1657. They were coming at that time was a resident of South Sulawesi. It is estimated that they are being chased by VOC. In 1798, the group came from Pontianak and opened their settlement beside the east and west of the IjoGading. Loloan has its own language which is not the same as the language of the surrounding areas, no
Architecture Departement-Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Badung 82121, Bali-Indonesia
Abstract
language of the village Loloan (Base Loloan) which is similar to Malay.
That based on historical records, Loloan area had a disaster big flood in 1697. IjoGading River water overflowed. Many houses were washed away. Since then, residents make RumahPanggung (the home stage) to reduce the risk of drift. In addition, was also
RumahPanggung made based on the safety factor especially animal attack.RumahPanggung was built according to the tribal
origin of the migrants. Until the 1700s, RumahPanggung began to appear in the Loloan area.
The study methods used are field study about the typology of stilt houses (RumahPanggung) in this community and the factors determining their physical forms. The study was conducted using qualitative methods and documentation by field measuring and building redrawing. Field study focus on two aspects of observations, such as: 1) houses typology and 2) local knowledge as local wisdom for various natural environment problems. Observations to houses typology include 4 aspects: 1) house plan and form, 2) structural system, 3) material used, 4) construction system. Observation to local knowledge include: 1) environmental condition, and 2) socio cultural aspect.
Keywords:vernacular; building design and construction; flood mitigation; loloan area
1.Introduction
Historically, the river is the center of growth, movement paths and key transport infrastructure until now. Along with the growth of area and the increasing population, growing uncontrolled new settlement along the river make the shift and the degradation of land in urban areas. So some of the river lost its function and decreased quality of the
environment. River in the past is the main means of transport to bring product from upstream area to downstream area. Site selection settled usually on considerations other than security condition also makes it possible to establish settlements, as well as by the availability of or close to the natural resources that can be utilized for survival.Change in land use in its development has occurred environmental damage alarming.
Law of Republic of Indonesia(Law number 24 of 2007) on Disaster Management says the definition of disaster is an event or series of events that threaten and disrupt the lives and livelihoods caused by both natural factors and/or non-natural factors and human factors that resulted in the emergence of human fatalities, environmental damage, loss of property, and psychological impact. The definition states that disasters caused by natural factors, non-natural, and human. Therefore, law number 24 of 2007, is also defined on natural disasters, non-natural disasters, and social disaster. Natural disasters is a disaster caused by the event or series of events caused by nature, among others, in the form of earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts, hurricanes, and landslides.
Indonesian territory is located in the tropical climate with two seasons, dry and rainy with characteristic changes in weather, temperature and wind direction are quite extreme. Such climatic conditions coupled with the surface topography and rock are relatively diverse, both physically and chemically, producing fertile soil conditions. Instead, it may cause some bad consequences for humans such as hydro-meteorological disasters such as floods, landslides, forest fires and drought. Along with time and growing human activities, environmental degradation tends to get worse and leading to increased number of events and intensity of hydro-meteorological disasters (floods, landslides and drought) that occur in turns in many areas in Indonesia.
1.1.Understanding of flooding by type
Floods are events or circumstances submerged an area or land due to increased water volume. Understanding of flooding by type are :
A. Flood Water
The flooding caused by overflowing rivers, sewers or other waterways because of the volume of water exceeds the capacity. This flooding is generally triggers a big rain that can make water in a river or a sewer overflow. B. Sudden Flooding
The cause is the high intensity rainfall once for hours. Such conditions lead to waterways can't accommodate the high flow of water so as to overflow into the street.
C. Flash flood/Big Flood
Flash flood is a flood that came suddenly with a large water discharge caused by unstoppable river flow on the river flow. One type of flooding is dangerous because in addition to water, the flood of this type also bring silt material so that the force of the water that comes quite large and able to wash away the objects in its path. One can't swim through the flood like this. Generally, flash floods occur in low or landslide-prone areas such as mountains or hills.
D. Flood tides
Often referred to as tidal flooding. Tide resulted in flooding of this type. Generally occur in areas near the coast. When tides, waterways associated with the sea water, such as rivers, will come to experience up so the water spreads to the mainland. The farther away from the position of the coast will more secure. In the event of a very large tidal currents such as the tsunami, the effects of the damage are also going to get worse
E. Cold Lava Flood
When the volcano erupted and spewed lava, the lava will melt and flow into areas that are in the lower mainland like a slope or hillside. When we was close to the point of eruption, lava flood is still at high temperature and will vaporize so hot river path. The longer the lava temperature will decrease and be cool but if passed houses able to release the house from its foundations and dragged because of cold lava masses were so heavy. Another result of cold lava flood is silting up of the river due to deposition of lava as it passes through the river so that the river water volume will be reduced and makes it easy to overflow.
Indonesia.Based on information obtained from the National Coordinating Agency Disaster Management and Refugees (Bakornas) on 21 In March 2005 the number of victims of the 20 districts in Aceh province (NAD) is estimated at 126.602 dead and buried, and lost as many as 93.638 people, while the number of victims in the province of North Sumatra an estimated 130 people died and 24 people missing. Of sources of information similarly, the number of refugees who are scattered as many as 514.150 people in 21 districts/cities NanggroeAceh Darussalam Province.
1.2.Flood Preventing and Mitigation
Efforts to tackle flooding and inundation already popular all over the world are combined various efforts that are structural and non structural, integrated flood management, which aims to suppress the magnitude of the problem, loss, or disasters caused by flooding. The rain became one of the causes of flooding. It can be seen from the statistics of natural disasters. Flooding generally occurs in every rainy season. When the rain intensity increases, there will be also an increase in water discharge. If an area does not have irrigation systems or water absorption is good, then the potential for flooding will be greater.
High Public awareness about not to throw garbage into rivers or sewers will reduce flooding. In urban areas, garbage disposal is not in place is one of the largest cause in terms of clogging of waterways such as culverts or drains which make water flow is inhibited so not to flow to other place. Lack of water catchment areas because of the loss of an area that should be an area for water catchment. We shouldn't build settlements in the area around the river. Expand the green open space : the green space in big cities should be around 30% of the area of the city. Unfortunately in the fact, green open spaces only about 10% even though this is one of the means to cope with the flood because when it rains, the water can be absorbed optimally. Beyond that, the green open space useful to reduce pollution, be a sport place, play, and relax residents.
The other way is make Hole Infiltration Biopori. Many people don't yet understand what and advantage of biopori. Biopori useful to reduce the amount of rainwater or water from the drain in the ground.Biopori itself is a hole diameter of 10-30 cm by 80 cm vertical depth of 100 cm. Once created the hole, filled in with gravel and covered with essentially organic waste such as leaves. The important efforts to tackle flooding are good waste management. One good way of handling waste that is in addition to dispose of waste in place with separates between organic and non organic waste in order to accelerate the process of waste treatment.
2.Vernacular Building Design and Construction
What we think about the word 'vernacular'? Amos Rapoport with his article in the book Spontaneous Shelter (1988) about planning and environmental issues, he discuss how spontaneous settlement as vernacular design. He propose a conceptual framework within which the consideration of cultural and formal qualities of spontaneous settlement can best be achieved; that is, to consider them as vernacular environment. He use spontaneous rather than squatter because the latter is essentially a legal term, referring to land tenure rather than to the nature of the built environment. As a particular type of cultural landscape, spontaneous settlements are characterized by specific qualities that can be discussed and studied. Some constraints to the creation of such settlement, (e.g., those of knowledge and resources) are severe, but those of regulations, codes, and formal professional ideologies tend to be very weak. In environments created by the users, resource constraints may often be less harmful than those of regulations or professional ideology.
2.1. Indonesia Vernacular Architecture
Will vernacular traditions be able to respond or adapt? By keeping the environment balanced, vernacular architecture succeeds in creating a peaceful and reliable condition of natural resources. Traditional dwellings have developed to respond to Indonesia hot and wet monsoon climate. As is common throughout South East Asia and the South West Pacific, most rumahadat are built on ground allows breezes to moderate the hot tropical temperatures; it elevates the dwelling above storm water runoff and mud; it allows houses to be built on rivers and wetland margins; it keeps people, goods and food from dampness and moisture and reduces the risk o quickly sheet off, and large overhanging eaves keep water out of the house and provide shade in the heat. In hot and humid low-lying coastal regions, homes can have many windows providing good cross-ventilation, whereas in cooler mountainous interior areas, homes often have a vast roof and few windows. Natural material like timber, bamboo, thatch and fiber and wooden peg are used. (Dawson,1994 : 10-12)The earliest traditional house (rumahadat) and Indonesia vernacular building's structures were communal timber longhouses on stilts, with steep sloping roofs and heavy gables. Technique is for a foundation,beam and lintel for system of structure take straight load to ground which one wooden or bamboo walls that are non-load barrier.
2.2.Loloan Area Stilt House
Stilts houses in Loloan composed of three parts, namely the ground floor, the middle floor and the upstairs/loft called para-para. There are two stairs to connect the lower floor/under the middle of the floor. Front stair used for guests while the rear ladder used for the household or closerelatives.Jembrana has a heterogeneous population with different cultural backgrounds. One of them is the presence of Muslims in Loloan. Cultural assimilation occurredby Bugis, Malay and others. Stilt house is one of the cultural heritage that still exists today. Loloan stilt house is not just one model. Loloanstilt house is a model that similar with stilts house in Bugis-Makassar. Stilt house in loloan both Western and Eastern Loloan have similar form with stilt house in Bugis therefore stairs that often used is 5 and 7.Tangi wood is necessary wood to made houses on stilts . This wood is very sturdy to support the building. Typically, as the chosen wood joints is tengulun wood. This wood is anti termite. If placed on the ground, never eaten by termites.Tangi wood is then placed on a wooden tengulun. Generally, a stilt house uses 12, 16 or 20column/poles. One of the original stilt house still existing in East Loloan is family of Mrs. AsmaDafir. The stilt house has built 250 years ago. The house is still strong, although in some parts, especially the wall has undergone a change.
Stilt house over 2 meters height. House plan is divided into three parts front, middle and rear. In front, in addition to receiving guests is also used for the bed. In the middle, there is a booth that also serves as a bedroom. At the rear, used as a kitchen. However,there also a stilt houseonly has one cubicle. The cubicle was specific to the head of the family. At the top floor is also available where it so called para-para. This placeused by girls for weaving. In fact, in ancient times, that space also used as a place for seclusion (pingitan). Another feature of the home stage is the placement of the door to the east. Wherever facing the house, the doors remain in the east. The reason, the door to the east, it will not disturb people who were praying in the west. The development concept of this stilt house is identical to the mosque. If you enter the mosque, should perform ablutions, then to enter the stilt house also done the same thing. Anyone who enter must wash your feet under the stairs. But if person who entrywas a respected person, they prepared a place to wash that person feet in front of the entrance, after the stairs. The porch in this place position is lower than the middle floor of the house. Guests can sit in this place while waiting to be let in by the householder.
overflowed, destroying the Brambang palace (royal center Jembrana) including the royal family I GustiPutuNgurah Tapa and its people . Although hitby the flood, Bugis village in Bandar Pancoran survived.
Bugis people who work as traders, knowledge of the trade becomes very important. Knowledge and experience and
ability to relate with local authorities will put a person to occupy the post of harbormaster. A harbormaster determine the trading activity in the harbor and smoothness economy kingdom. People who become harbormaster is highly respected. Along with the developments livelihood cultivated by Bugispeoplemore varied as well. Regarding settlement patterns of Bugis community in Jembrana, most of whom live on the banks of the riverclose to estuary. Livelihood as fishermen, demanding them to settle in a suburb of a large river. This is to facilitate access to sea and boat mooringwhich is used for fishing. Houses are built is type of houses on stilts like Bugishouse.Settlement patterns that exist in the community Bugis people in Jembrana was originally appropriatewith their culture, both from the layout and construction of houses on stilts in accordance with structure their classes. However, with their villages alongside with Bali - Hindu society then there is mixing and shifting social behavior. MuchBalinese-Hindu married to a Balinese - Islam and vice versaespecially inEast Loloan. (Sumarsono, 1993:70 )
Fig. 1.IjoGadingRiver
Upper
Lower
Bottom
House Floor Plan And Form
The original form stilts house in Loloan has the shape of a rectangular floor plan with a number of sixteen or twenty columns. The distance between the columns is 2 to 3 meters. Judging from the composition of space horizontally, the middle floor is divided into three parts, namely front, middle and rear. Front there is a room for foyer and vestibule. Guests can sit on the porch while waiting the householder, there are the washing feet area at porch for respected person because there is a tradition in Loloan before entering the inside of the middle floor are required to wash the feet of the floor.
The middle section there is a bedroom.The front room is located on the front of the middle floor. The front room is intended to receive guests, family gathering place, where to eat, chant, pray, a place to hold the ceremony and at night used to bed. The house have booths located on the second floor in the middle of the stem. In general, there are two cubicles. One booth intended for the elderly or people who have been married and children. One more intended for girls who have grown up (girl). Boys who have grown up sleeping in the front room. If you require additional booths, the booth there will be no permanent bulkhead of wooden boards or gedekwithout changing the composition organization of floor space. The house with sixteen columns, generally has a composition cubicle / bedroom lined to the side, while the house with twenty column generally has a composition cubicle / bedroom lined to back.
Structural System
Judging from the composition of space vertically, stilt house in Loloan is a house that consists of three parts, namely the upper floor/attic,the middle/central floor and the ground floor. Ground floor used to store household appliances, workplace and work equipment store, where save firewood, sitting and can also be used as a cattle shed. Middle floor is the center of daily activities of the household.
1. The main pillars : usually consists of four rods each line. The amount depends on the amount of space that
will be created. But in general there are 12, 16 and 20 main pillars.
2. The next section served as a connector of the main pillars in each row
3. The last part served as a hook located at the top of the main mast and is most center of each row
BugisStilt house
Islam entered Jembrana-Bali particular region, starting from the arrival of the Bugissailors who do trade relations. They were coming at that time was a resident of South Sulawesi. The entry of Islam into Jembrana occurs in two steps. The arrival of the Muslims of Bugis-Makassar in the event of war between Makassar with VOC. After Makassar falling into authority of VOC in 1667,VOC promised a reward of ten thousand ringgit for anyone who caught squadron boats descendants of Sultan Wajo. Sailors from Bugis descent sultan Wajois difficult to be caught by VOC and hid in the bay PrampangBlambangan. In 1669 helmsman Daeng moved to Bali and landed in ijogading river and settled temporarily in the area. They then sailed the great river meandering north, left, right and a forest full of crocodiles.(Sarlan, 2009: 37) In the second step, some Bugis boat landed in air kuningcoastwho then asked the king's permission to settle, coconut gardening and fishing as well as helping people affected by the disease.Shortly thereafter, on the coast of air kuningcoastcomes convoy sailing boat. They who left Pontianak after
falling into authority of VOC. They then follow IjoGadingriver.The settlementcalled Loloanvillage has stilt house
model that similar with stilts house in Bugis.
This paper also comparing two model of stilt house in Loloan village and Bugis-Makassar.How stilt house in Loloan village adopted value and form from the original model (Bugis stilt house)?
TheBugissystem recognize social levels can affect their home form marked with special symbols. The social
stratification based on the shape of a traditional house of bugis known as Saoraja and bola. Saoraja means great that the house occupied by the descendants of the king or the nobleman, while bola means ordinary house, the house for the common people. In terms of structure and construction of buildings, both these types of house don't have a difference of principle. The only difference is in the size of the house and social status. In general, Saoraja larger and wider than Bola that is usually characterized by a number of columns.Saoraja have 40-48 column, whereas bola
have only 20-30 column. While the difference in social status can be seen in form of ridge cap rooftop of house Fig. 4.Loloan area stilt house
called timpaklaja. Bola doesn't has level/storey or plain (izarwisma, et al., (ed), 1985 : 27). The greater number of levels timpaklaja a Saoraja, the higher the social status of its inhabitants.For the Saoraja, there are two additional rooms again:
• Lego-lego/ElgoElgo
Additional space, if in front functioned as guests seat before entering, the place to watch any events outside the house.
• Dapureng /dpuer (Jonghe/johe)
Usually placed in the back or side. Its function is to cook and store cookware
Before Islam entering into the land of bugis, Bugiscommunity have confidence that the universe is composed of three parts. Until Islam entered, Bugis stilt house floor plan generally still follows the rules of traditional architecture Bugis. This is manifested in the division of space which is still divided into vertical spatial. Philosophical of Bugisstilt house influenced by their community beliefs. Before Islam entered Bugis area residents, Bugispeople have the belief that the universe is composed of three parts, among others : the upper , middle and lower part. In the view of the ancient Bugis community life, the universe (the macrocosm) is composed of three levels, namely the upper world (bottinglangik), middle world (lino), and the subconscious (uriliyu). The upper world is a natural on the gods, led by one supreme god called dewataseuwae (single god). The middle is a natural earth inhabited by the representatives of the supreme god to regulate human relationships with the supreme god, and set the course of the order of the cosmos. The subconscious is a bottom that is under water. Based view of life, then the Bugis vernacular house construction consists of three levels.Vertical spatialcan be grouped into the following three parts such as:
• Rakeang/reka , the upper house under the roof, consisting of the attic and roof of the house used to store grain
and other food supplies as well as heirlooms . In addition because it is a rather closed often used for weaving and dress
• Alo-bola/alobol (alle bola), located between the lower floor and the upstair floorwhere people live and divided
into specific spaces, serves to receive guests, sleeping, and eating
• Awaso/awso, under the house is located at the bottom between the ground floor or the bottom floor of house that
is used to store agricultural tools and livestock.
Horizontal spatial arrangement of house, the division of space in terms Bugis called lontang/lot (latte), can be grouped in three sections as follows:
• Lontangrisaliweng / lot risliew (vestibule), serves to receive guests and guest bed (public)
• Lontangritengngah / lot riteg (the living room), serves as a roomfor heads of families and children who are
minors and the area for eat (private) .
• Lontangrilaleng / lot rilel, serves a bed for girls , kitchen , and bathroom.
The appearance of Bugisbuilding has attic and roofcalled prismatic roof which Saoraja/saorj as well as for ordinary people's house (bola/bol), wearing a Timpak ridge cap called Laja/tiplj. Timpaklaja has a different shape between saoraja/saorj and bola/bol. This section is described as the head of the building. At saoraja/saorj hastimpaklaja/ tip lj stratified between three to five. Timpaklaja/tip lj which signifies a five-storey house belonging to the high nobility.Timpaklaja/tip lj four-storey, is nobleman housewho hold power and certain positions. For nobles who don't have government positions timpaklaja has only three-storey.Ordinary people are classified into
groups to Maradeka/to mredk can also wear timpaklaja/lj tip on the roof of his house, but it is justified only make a maximum of two levels timpaklaja/tip lj.Solid part of Bugis stilt house, wall are made of wood arranged in one opening/door located on the front (gaping/tange). The function is to exit/entry into the house. The door usually placed on size of number is even, for example, size of house 7 (seven fathoms) then the door should be placed on the fathoms to 6 (six) or 4 (four) measured from the right house. If the door is not proper placement in an even number, can easily cause the house to be entered thieves or criminals.
Main building materials are widely used in general wood. Building materials are usually used: Bitti wood, Ipi,
Amar, Sandalwood, Tippulu, Durian, Jackfruit, Lontar, Coconut, Trunk of palm, Pinang, Weeds and Ijuk. Walls
made of woven bamboo or board. Roof made of palm leaves, and shingles. System of stilts structure using column/poles and don't use foundation. Oldest house, column planted directly in the buffer of ground. A Process most important in system of building structure is manufacture column.
• Making column begins with make central pillar of house. When house consists of two plots, location the center
of column is on the second row from the front and the second row of the right side.
• When three or more then plots, location of the center column is the third row from the front and the second row
of the right side.
In detail the characteristics of the structure of the Bugis houses, among others, are:
• Have a minimum of four plots or 25 columns (five-five) to saoraja/saorj and three plots or 16 columns (for
bola / bol).
• Column shape is rounded to nobleman, quadrilateral and octagon for ordinary people.
• There is a center column called Pocci/pot (posi bola/posibol).The most important column in a house, usually
made of wood jackfruit or durian. It located in a row of the second column from the front, and the second from the right side.
• Stair placed in front or behind, with characteristics:Installed in ale bola / aelbol or in lego-lego / ElgoElgo. Its
direction corresponding to the length of the house or in accordance with the width of the house.
• Isosceles triangle-shaped roof that used to cover this part of the face or back of the house
• Floor (dapara /dpr, salima) according to its shape can be flat and uneven. Materials used are boards or bamboo.
• Wall (renring / Reri, rinring / riri) made of treebark, sago palm leaf, or bamboo.
• Window (tellongeng / etloeG) three windowfor ordinary people, seven for nobleman.
• Doors (tangesumpang / TGE sup) believed if one wrong to put it can evoke disaster, so put in the following
way:If the width of the house nine feet/depa, then the door is positioned at the 8th fathoms/depa/feet; means the width of the house always odd number and the door placed at even numbers.
• Taking role of a shaman sanro bolato set up a custom Bugisstilt house.Sanro bola is considered to master
knowledge about the way to built house, ranging from the choice of location and time, choose type of wood , give direction and location of the house, and make elements or ornament home building until the construction as well as all complementary.
• The Bugis always selective in choosing materials or wood quality and valuable philosophywhen they wanted to
build the house. A wooden used to build house, among others: ajuPanasa (jackfruit wood). This timber is usually used to house the center column (posi bola).
• Material ajubityi, ajuamara, and ajujati used for the overall column, besides the central column/pillar of the
house.
• Material ajuipi, ajuseppu and coconut trunks. The third type of wood is used for arateng lined backward the
long flat beam that serves to bind mast at center of house. The third type of wood is used makes pattoloriawa, namely the long flat beam that serves to bind rows of column toward middle of right and left, and ajulekke, namely the length of beam is at the top and serve to support or hold frame of roof.
• Ajutippulu and daunlontar. Woods used to make pare' is a long flat beam parallel to back row to functional
binding mast arateng on top. In addition, this type of wood is also used to make pattolo raise/padongko, the long flat beams that bind upper end of columnand parallel to pattoloriawa. Tanebba is small beam as the basis of floor of house and serves to hold boards that will be floor of house .
• Sandalwood, this type of woodused to make barakkapu, namely small beam of rakkaeang floor(attic). Bamboo,
Development process of Bugis stilt house
1. PreparationProcess
Establish a preparation starting from the family discuss. This meeting discussed start type and size of house, time and place to build house, material,and costs required. The first issue discussed was the social status of residents, because the social status determine type and shape of house to be built.
2. Second, determining size of house, there are at least two ways to determine size of house, which measured
vertical spatial and spatial horizontal. Vertical spatial determined by high size occupant husband from toe to ear in a standing position.Then, measured from the floor to the eye in a sitting position. The results of the two measurements are then summed. While size of the top (peak house) is taken from the long half partoloriase, then added two fingers of the wife of the household. Spatially horizontallydetermined by the length and width of house usually use reppa(feet/fathoms) and Jakka (inch) of householder.
3. Third, determine time. Bugis people believe that there are good and bad time in starting any work. Therefore,
which timing is good and bad in starting any work.therefore, timing is very important to ensure positive results in efforts (Robinson, 2005: 282). When they wanted to build the house, the Bugis are always looking for a good time, in hope they will be safe.
4. Fourth, determine place and direction of house. Signs which are considered a good ground to build a house
which has a slope (where water can flow). After the soil tested for their sustainability to occupants by putting anbila(fruit maja) contained by water where posibola will be placed for one night. If volume of water (bila) is not increased, it is a good sign. But if the water is still, it means either. For direction of house, land topography is also very decisive. When land sloping down to the north, then house must face east with consideration customary provisions that waste water should flow to the left. After receiving influence of Islam, the house is best facing to south on the assumption that the Ka'bah is located on the west not to be in line with the feet at bedtime (mardanas, et al. (ed), 1985: 73)
5. Process Of Collecting Materials. The materials needed to build a house bugis usually obtained by felled himself
by householder of house, or purchased through traders based on the instructions of a sanro bola. The materials are first searched for the column wood posi bola. Therefore, material must be selected from the tree or strong wood. After pole posibola to be obtained, then started looking for wood poles for the other.Next processis manufacturearateng, pattolo, and the other.
6. After the necessary materials collected, the next step is to manufacture frame of house which consists of three
parts, namely awabola (bottom), ale bola (the middle), and rakkeang (attic). Roof flashing instalation is the most important part because it's section that determines whether or not a solid wooden house. Material for the bottom cover aliri , arateng , pattoloriawa , the center includes pare , tanebba , pattoloriase , and the top cover
ajulekke , barakkapu , patteppobarakkapu , and ajute . For that , before smoothed, materials for this process is
usually soaked in water rivers or marshes within weeks, Which in Bugisterms called ibellang. The purpose is intended these materials be strong and solid so not easy gathering termites or insects.
Table 1.Analyzing and comparazing of type, plan & design, form, structure & construction both Bugis and
Conclusion Loloan stilt house adopt 'bola'Bugis house architecture
3.Conclusion
In conclusion, there are some point of discussion about adaptation loloan area stilt house design and construction as flood prevention and mitigation :
1. Stilts house in Loloan area built because it can adapt to natural conditions which is close to the river IjoGading. Before the settlement was built, IjoGading River overflowed and caused flooding. The stilt house can anticipate flooding due to overflowing rivers IjoGading.
2. The bottom of the pit houses on stilts that can still absorb or pass water. Stilt house also been able to anticipate the attacks of wild animals such as crocodiles are numerous around the river IjoGading at that time.
3. The word ''Loloanor Liloan'' which means many indentations/curve of river, there used to bea bay dock of river
for the boat of sailors bugis.In the rainy season always bring in floods along the banks of the river from upstream to downstream .
4. Design and construction of stilts house in Loloanvillage similar to the stilthouseof Bugiscommunity .
5. Selection of materials in making a stilts house in the Loloanvillage adapt to the wood type in Loloan-Jembrana
area.Stilt house Model in Loloanvillage majority look likemodel in bugisfor ordinary people (bola/bol). This can be seen from the roof without the level and number of the columns are numbered 16-20 column .
6. Majoritymodel of house in Loloan village is a bugismodel already that influencedby Islamic religion. Adjustments to the design andornamentof stilt house that used (ornament in the form of calligraphy) andWherever facing the house, the doors remain in the east. The reason, the door to the east, it will not disturb people who were praying in the west. The concept development stage house is identical to the mosque.
7. We can learn from how both Loloan and Bugis people strategies to promote community resilience with
amphibious construction.
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