THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ON CHILDREN AS REFLECTED IN CHARLES DICKENS’ OLIVER TWIST
A THESIS BY
MUHAMMAD RIDHO AZHARI REG.NO : 120705011
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ON CHILDREN AS REFLECTED IN CHARLES DICKENS’ OLIVER TWIST
A THESIS BY
MUHAMMAD RIDHO AZHARI REG. NO. 120705011
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
i
THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ON
CHILDREN AS REFLECTED IN CHARLES DICKENS’ OLIVER TWIST
A THESIS
BY
MUHAMMAD RIDHO AZHARI REG. NO. 120705011
SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S.
NIP.195212291979032001 NIP. 198209042005011002
Mahmud Arief Albar, S.S., M.A.
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra From
Department English.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
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Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head, Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D
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Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on 23 June 2016
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S.
NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. ___________________
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D. ___________________
Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S. ___________________
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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I AM MUHAMMAD RIDHO AZHARI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE
AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN
THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL
PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART
FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED
ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED
WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD
OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed : Muhammad Ridho Azhari
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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : MUHAMMAD RIDHO AZHARI
TITLE OF THESIS : THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ON
CHILDREN AS REFLECTED IN CHARLES
DICKENS’ OLIVER TWIST
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed : Muhammad Ridho Azhari
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all, I would like to thank Allah SWT, for His blessing and compassion given to me to finish this thesis. It is only by His grace.
My very special gratitude is for my beloved parents, my mother, the most special and precious person in my life who always pray for me in her sholat every day and night, give her best support and advice in facing any kind of problems in writing this thesis and my father, the best man I ever had who always scold me when I stray from the path and teach me many important things in this life and always motivating and supporting me in writing this thesis. I do grateful to Allah SWT for having both of you as my dearest parents. Moreover, I do thank you to my beloved big sister, Diah Ayu, who gave her laptop to me so I can write this thesis and my little sister, Faradiba, who always give her best jokes when I feel stress. I do love my sisters. I always thankful for having you in my life and always be. You all, my family is my everything.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S. as my supervisor for her kindness, knowledge, patience and motivation for me to write and finish this thesis. Also, I would like to thank Mahmud Arief Albar, S.S., M.A., as my co-supervisor for his kindness and knowledge to help me in writing this thesis.
vii I also want to thank to my precious best friends from B.I.N group, Siti Alifa, Heleri Sinabutar, Wella Juita and Isti Purwanto for helping me when I had financial problems during writing this thesis, Jay Sita, Tondi Namora, and Khairiah for giving so many advice and suggestion for improving this thesis, Farah Dipa, Ariska Rati and Kaltha Septian for supporting and helping me in seminar and thesis examination. I do thankful for having you guys as my second family.
Moreover, I want to thank to all my friends in Elite (English Literature) 2012 A, thank you for these great 4 years and our great memories. Pika, Ernita, Suci, Azme, Nurul, Kak Ira, Debora Swift, Ayu, Windo, Dame, Monik, Tasya, Kak Ezra, Kak Chandira, Kak Debora, Kak Christine, Kak Pesta, Kak Grace, Vika, Nia, Windo, Dimaz, Abel, Refi, Nurfit, Windi, Min, Dewi, Suhaika, Oline, Indah, Irfan, Cinio, Fajar, David and all student of English Literature 2012 B, thank you for everything and becoming my second family. The bond we have is more than friendship.
I am really thankful to have everyone with me in the process of writing this thesis. Thank you for being my mirror and motivator. Finally, may this thesis be adventegous for the readers, may the grace and love of God be with us all forever. Amin.
Medan, June 23rd, 2016
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ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled The Negative Impact of Industrial Revolution on Children as
Reflected in Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist is analyzing about the negative impacts
which fell upon children during industrial revolution. There were many children which were exploited as the impact of industrial revolution. Those children are exploited in many ways including being traded, being labored as laborer, and also recruited as criminals. This thesis consists of five chapters including introduction, review of literature, research method, analysis and findings, as well as conclusion and suggestion. In chapter I, it explains about the background of the study, the problem of the study, scope of the study, objective of the study and the significance of the study. In chapter II, it explains about the history of industrial revolution as well as the cause of negative impacts of industrial revolution which feel upon children and also the theory used in this thesis. In chapter III, it explains the method of research which was used and also the research procedure. In chapter IV, it is the analysis about the negative impact of industrial revolution on children in the novel Oliver Twist. In chapter V, it consists of conclusion of this thesis as well as suggestions which can improve this thesis in the future.
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ABSTRAK
Skripsi berjudul The Negative Impact of Industrial Revolution on Children as
Reflected in Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist menganalisa tentang dampak-dampak
negatif yang diterima anak-anak di era revolusi industri. Banyak anak yang dieksploitasi sebagai akibat dari revolusi industri. Anak-anak tersebut dieksploitasi dengan berbagai macam cara seperti di perjual belikan, di pekerjakan sebagai buruh dan juga di latih untuk menjadi kriminal. Skripsi ini terdiri atas 5 bagian yaitu pendahuluan, landasan teori, metode penilitian, analisis dan hasil serta kesimpulan dan juga saran. Pada bab I dijelaskan tentang latar belakang penelitian, perumusan masalah, pembatasan penilitian, tujuan dan juga manfaat penilitian. Pada bab II akan dijelaskan sejarah singkat revolusi industri serta penyebab dampak negatif yang diterima anak-anak selama revolusi industri dan juga teori yang digunakan pada skripsi ini. Pada bab III dijelaskan metode penelitian yang digunakan serta prosedur penilitian. Pada bab IV merupakan analisa mengenai dampak negatif revolusi industri pada anak di novel Oliver Twist. Pada bab V merupakan kesimpulan dari analisa serta saran-saran yang dapat membangun skripsi ini kedepannya.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Brief Description about Novel ... 09
2.4.3 Hospital, Surgery, and Healthiness ... 17
2.4.4 Novel Become More Developed ... 18
2.4.5 Inventions Lead to Industrial Revolution ... 18
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2.6 The Impact of Industrial Revolution in England... 21
2.6.1 Positive Impacts ... 21
2.6.2 Negative Impacts ... 22
2.7 The Relevance of the Study ... 27
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Design ... 28
3.2 Data and Data Source ... 28
3.3 Data Collection ... 29
3.4 Data Analysis ... 29
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 The Negative Impacts of Industrial Revolution in Oliver Twist ... 31
4.1.1 Urbanization ... 32
4.1.2 Poverty ... 35
4.2 The Negative Impacts of Industrial Revolution on Children in Oliver Twist ... 42
4.2.1 Baby Farming ... 43
4.2.2 Children Apprentice ... 45
4.2.3 Children as Laborer ... 50
4.2.4 Children Recruitment as Criminals ... 53
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusions ... 60
5.2 Suggestion ... 61
REFERENCES ... 63
APPENDICES
i. Charles Dickens Auto Biography and Works
