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A STUDY ON THE SOCIAL FACTORS
INFLUENCING THE USE OF POLITENESS BY
JAVANESE AS REFLECTED IN THE SHORT
STORIES OF
“PANJEBAR SEMANGAT”
JAVANESE MAGAZINE
A Thesis Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the
Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Letters Study Programme
by:
Restu Mayla Arsita
Student Number: 04.80.0038
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME
FACULTY OF LETTERS
SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
SEMARANG
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A THESIS ON
A STUDY ON THE SOCIAL FACTORS
INFLUENCING THE USE OF POLITENESS BY
JAVANESE AS REFLECTED IN THE SHORT
STORIES OF
“PANJEBAR SEMANGAT”
JAVANESE MAGAZINE
by:
Restu Mayla Arsita
Student Number: 04.80.0038
THESIS APPROVAL
Approved by,
Drs. Y.E. Budiyana, M.A 15 August 2009
Major Sponsor
Heny Hartono, S.S., M. Pd 15 August 2009
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A thesis defended in front of the Board of Examiners on August 15th, 2009 and declared acceptable
BOARD OF EXAMINERS
Chairperson : Drs. Y.E. Budiyana, M.A . . .
Secretary : Heny Hartono, S.S., M. Pd . . .
Member : Emilia Ninik Aydawati, SP. MHum . . .
Semarang, 15 Agustus 2009
Faculty of Letters
Soegijapranata Catholic
University
Dean,
Heny Hartono, S.S., M. Pd
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I want to thank Allah SWT for the blessing and guidance. I would also like to thank the people who have helped me in accomplishing this thesis:
1. My beloved father, Ir. Rudy Atmoko, MM., and my mother, Yuni Suprapti, who have raised and supported me. Thank you for your love, prayer, attention and support. I am very proud of you both and I hope I can make you proud someday. I also want to thank my brothers, Ridho Yuliardi Arsito and Firmanda Desiando Arsito, for the joy and the support. I hope you both succeed.
2. Drs. Y.E. Budiyana, M.A, as my major sponsor and also Heny Hartono, S.S, M. Pd, my co-sponsor. It would have been impossible for me to accomplish my final thesis without their patience and generous assistance. I also would like to thank all the teachers at the Faculty of Letters for their knowledge and guidance for me.
3. Dony Caesar. Your love and patience have led me to the completion of my thesis. Thank you for always being ready for listening to me when I am desperate, distressed, upset and hopeless. Thank you for always making me smile.
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5. My lovely friends in Faculty of Letters: Desty, Ayu, Sasti, Indah, Yuli, Muthia, Andri, Yudha, Agung and Seto. I really thank for the love, support, togetherness and sweet memories that we had.
Semarang, 10 August 2009
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF TITLE
COVER PAGE ……… i
THESIS APPROVAL ii BOARD OF EXAMINERS iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv TABLE OF CONTENTS vi ABSTRACT 1 ABSTRAK 2 LIST OF TABLES x LIST OF APPENDICES xii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ... 1
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 9 2.1 JAVANESE CULTURE AND ITS STYLE OF SPEECH ... 9
2.2 SOCIAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE STYLE OF SPEECH ... 16
2.3 CONCEPT OF POLITENESS ... 19
CHAPTER III. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION 25 3.1 DATA ... 25
3.2 PROCEDURE ... 26
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4.2 RELATION BETWEEN SOCIAL CLASS AND SOCIAL
STATUS ... 57
4.3 RELATION BETWEEN AGE, SOCIAL CLASS AND SOCIAL STATUS ... 68
4.4 DATA ANALYSIS RESULT ... 75
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION ...78
5.1 CONCLUSION ... 78
5.2 SUGGESTIONS ... 78
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...80
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ABSTRACT
Language is the major instrument of human beings to communicate with one another and every society uses different language to communicate. Each society has its own vocabularies, structure, pronunciations, etc. They also have their own role to speak each other, especially the concept of polite speaking. Because language is primarily spoken, a speaker should pay attention to his or her politeness to speak to other people, especially in Javanese society.
Javanese society is popular with its polite culture. They have three kinds of speech style to use, Ngoko (the lowest style of speech), Krama Madya (the middle style of speech) and Krama Inggil (the highest style of speech). Besides that, they also use appropriate language according to their social relationship (social factors) like age, social class, and also social status. From the articles of previous study the writer has read, there is no researcher who wrote about the influence of those social factors. Mostly they wrote about the term of address and request. It must be interesting to know which one is the most dominant social factor between age, social class and social status that influence the Javanese to use appropriate word before speaking.
Analyzing this phenomenon will give advantages for linguists to enrich the knowledge in understanding the concept of power (Vous) and solidarity (Tu) in the society especially in Javanese society.
The objective of this study is to find out which one is the most dominant social factor between age, social class and social status in influencing the Javanese to speak each other politely.
The data in this study were some dialogs from short stories in the Penjebar
Semangat Javanese magazine year 2006 and 2007.They were collected by
scanning the short stories.
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ABSTRAK
Bahasa adalah alat utama manusia untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang lain dan setiap masyarakat menggunakan bahasa yang berbeda untuk berkomunikasi. Setiap masyarakat mempunyai perbendaharaan kata, struktur, dan lafalnya masing-masing. Mereka juga mempunyai aturan masing-masing dalam berbicara, terutama konsep sopan dalam berbicara. Seseorang harus memperhatikan kesopanannya untuk berbicara dengan orang lain, karena pada dasarnya bahasa itu sendiri diucapkan (berbicara) khususnya pada masyarakat Jawa.
Masyarakat Jawa terkenal dengan budaya kesopanannya, Mereka memiliki tiga macam tingkatan bahasa untuk digunakan, Ngoko (tingkat paling rendah), Krama Madya (tingkat menengah) dan Krama Inggil (tingkat paling tinggi). Selain itu, mereka juga menggunakan bahasa yang tepat sesuai dengan hubungan sosial (factor sosial) mereka seperti umur, kelas sosial, dan status sosial. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, belum ada dari mereka yang menulis tentang pengaruh dari sosial faktor. Kebanyakan mereka menulis tentang sapaan dan permintaan. Akan lebih menarik jika kita mengetahui faktor sosial apa yang paling dominan diantara umur, kelas sosial, dan status sosial yang mempengaruhi orang Jawa untuk menggunakan kata yang tepat sebelum berbicara.
Menganalisa fenomena ini akan memberikan keuntungan untuk para linguists untuk memperbanyak pengetahuan dalam memahami konsep dari kekuasaan (Vous) dan kesederajatan (Tu) dalam masyarakat khususnya masyarakat Jawa.
Obyektivitas dari pembelajaran ini adalah untuk menemukan faktor sosial yang manakah yang paling dominan diantara umur, kelas sosial, dan status sosial dalam mempengaruhi orang Jawa untuk saling berbicara secara sopan.
Data dalam penelitian ini adalah dialog-dialog dari cereita pendek yang ada dalam majalah bahasa Jawa, Penjebar Semangat, tahun 2006 dan 2007. Dialog-dialog tersebut dikumpulkan dengan men-scan cerita-cerita pendek.
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LIST OF TABLES
Scheme 2.1 Ungah-Ungguh Basa ……… 14
Table 2.1 Grouping of Each Word from The Conversation ……… 19
Scheme 2.2. Concept of Politeness ……….. 23
Table 4.1 Word Classification of Dialog 1 (4.1) ... 29
Table 4.2 Word Classification of Dialog 2 (4.1) ... 32
Table 4.3 Word Classification of Dialog 3 Part I (4.1) ... 36
Table 4.4 Word Classification of Dialog 3 Part II (4.1) ... 38
Table 4.5 Word Classification of Dialog 4 Part I (4.1) ... 42
Table 4.6 Word Classification of Dialog 4 Part II (4.1) ... 45
Table 4.7 Word Classification of Dialog 5 Part 1(4.1) ... 47
Table 4.8 Word Classification of Dialog 5 Part 2 (4.1) ... 48
Table 4.9 Word Classification of Dialog 6 Before the Engagement (4.1) .... 50
Table 4.10 Word Classification of Dialog 6 After the Engagement (4.1) ... 51
Table 4.12 Word Classification of Dialog 8 (4.1) ... 54
Table 4.11 Word Classification of Dialog 7 (4.1) ... 56
Table 4.13 Word Classification of Dialog 1 (4.2) ... 59
Table 4.14 Word Classification of Dialog 2 (4.2) ... 62
Table 4.15 Word Classification of Dialog 3 (4.2) ... 65
Table 4.16 Word Classification of Dialog 1 (4.3) ... 69
Table 4.17 Word Classification of Dialog 2 (4.3) ... 71
Table 4.18 Word Classification of Dialog 3 (4.3) ... 74
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 Short Story of Dialogue 1 (4.1) ……….……… 84
APPENDIX 2 Short Story of Dialogue 2 (4.1) ……….……… 85
APPENDIX 3 Short Story of Dialogue 3 (4.1) ……….……… 87
APPENDIX 4 Short Story of Dialogue 4 (4.1) ……….……… 89
APPENDIX 5 Short Story of Dialogue 5 (4.1) ……….……… 91
APPENDIX 6 Short Story of Dialogue 6 (4.1) ……….……… 94
APPENDIX 7 Short Story of Dialogue 7 (4.1) ……….……… 98
APPENDIX 8 Short Story of Dialogue 8 (4.1) ……….……… 100
APPENDIX 9 Short Story of Dialogue 1 (4.2) ……….……… 102
APPENDIX 10 Short Story of Dialogue 2 (4.2) ……….……….. 104
APPENDIX 11 Short Story of Dialogue 3 & 4 (4.2) ……….……….. 106
APPENDIX 12 Short Story of Dialogue 1 (4.3) ……….……… 109
APPENDIX 13 Short Story of Dialogue 2 (4.3) ……….……… 110
