ABSTRACT
Wulandari, Adisty Dewi. 2010. The Influence of Anne’s Personality Traits in Resolving Her Conflicts As Seen In Philippa Gregory’s The Boleyn Inheritance. Yogyakarta: English Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.
This thesis discusses Phillippa Gregory’s The Boleyn Inheritance. It presents one of the major characters named Anne, an ordinary young woman who is chosen to be the fourth queen of England. This study focuses on three problem formulations. They are: (1) How are Anne’s personality traits described in The Boleyn Inheritance? (2) What are the conflicts faced by Anne in The Boleyn Inheritance? (3) How do Anne’s personality traits influence her way in resolving her conflicts?
This thesis applies library research to analyze the problems. This study uses two kinds of sources, namely primary and secondary sources. The primary source is the novel, The Boleyn Inheritance. The second sources are taken from some books related to the theories. In analyzing Anne’s personality traits, this thesis applies psychological approach that is followed by the theory of personality and the theory of character and characterization. Furthermore, to discover the conflicts that are faced by Anne, this thesis uses the theory of conflict.
The first result of this study is about Anne’s personality traits that are seen in the novel. Anne is a major and a complex character. She is categorized as a protagonist character. According to the analysis, this study shows that Anne is responsible, calm, smart, kind hearted, caring, brave, self reliant, and optimistic. The second result of this study is about Anne’s conflicts in the novel. This study shows that Anne faces two kinds of conflicts. They are intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts. Next, this study finds out that Anne faces two kinds of intrapersonal conflicts. They are double-avoidance and approach-avoidance conflicts. Furthermore, Anne faces some interpersonal conflicts. She faces pseudo, simple and ego conflicts. The causes of interpersonal conflicts are relationship, communication and interest. Mostly, Anne faces her interpersonal conflicts using competitive and accommodation styles. She faces win-lose resolutions. Furthermore, this study finds out that Anne’s personality traits influence her much in resolving the conflicts.
Finally, the writer would like to propose two suggestions to complete this study. The first suggestion is proposed for the next researchers who want to conduct research using The Boleyn Inheritance. The last suggestion is the implementation of The Boleyn Inheritance as a material in teaching English, especially for teaching Intensive Reading II.
Keywords = Personality, Conflict, Resolving
ABSTRAK
Wulandari, Adisty Dewi. 2010. The Influence of Anne’s Personality Traits in Resolving Her Conflicts As Seen In Philippa Gregory’s The Boleyn Inheritance. Yogyakarta: Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Departemen Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Skripsi ini membahas The Boleyn Inheritance karya Phillippa Gregory. Novel ini menceritakan salah seorang karakter utama yang bernama Anne, seorang wanita muda biasa yang terpilih untuk menjadi ratu keempat kerajaan Inggris. Skripsi ini fokus pada tiga formulasi permasalahan. Rumusan-rumusan masalah itu adalah (1) Bagaimana sifat-sifat kepribadian Anne digambarkan dalam The Boleyn Inheritance? (2) Konflik-konflik apa saja yang dihadapi oleh Anne dalam The Boleyn Inheritance? (3) Bagaimana sifat-sifat kepribadian Anne mempengaruhi cara Anne dalam mengatasi konflik-konfliknya?
Skripsi ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka. Studi ni menggunakan dua macam sumber, yaitu sumber utama dan sumber kedua. Sumber utama adalah novel The Boleyn Inheritance. Sumber kedua diambil dari beberapa buku yang berhubungan dengan teori-teori skripsi ini. Dalam menganalisa karakter Anne, skripsi ini mengaplikasikan pendekatan psikologi yang diikuti oleh teori kepribadian, teori karakter dan karakterisasi. Lebih jauh, untuk mengungkap konflik yang dihadapi oleh Anne, studi ini menggunakan teori tentang konflik. Konflik teori juga digunakan untuk mengungkapkan pengaruh dari sifat-sifat kepribadian Anne dalam menuntaskan permasalahannya.
Hasil pertama dari studi ini mengenai sifat-sifat kepribadian Anne yang terlihat dalam novel. Anne adalah karakter utama dan karakter yang kompleks. Ia dikategorikan sebagai karakter protagonis. Berdasarkan pada analisa, studi ini menemukan bahwa Anne adalah seorang wanita yang bertanggung jawab, tenang, pintar, baik hati, peduli, berani, bergantung pada diri sendiri, dan optimis. Hasil kedua studi ini adalah konflik Anne dalam novel ini. Studi ini menunjukan bahwa Anne menghadapi dua jenis konflik. Konflik-konflik itu adalah intrapersonal dan interpersonal. Selanjutnya, studi ini menemukan bahwa Anne mengalami dua jenis konflik intrapersonal. Konflik-konflik itu adalah pendekatan-penghindaran-ganda dan pendekatan-penghindaran. Lebih jauh, Anne menghadapi beberapa konflik interpersonal. Ia mengalami konflik pseudo, simpel and ego. Sebab dari konflik interpersonal ini adalah hubungan, komunikasi dan ketertarikan. Umumnya, Anne menghadapi konflik-konflik interpersonalnya dengan gaya kompetitif dan akomodasi. Ia menghadapi resolusi-resolusi menang-kalah. Lebih jauh, studi ini menemukan bahwa sifat-sifat kepribadian Anne sangat berpengaruh dalam menyelesaikan masalah.
Akhirnya, penulis ingin memberikan dua saran untuk melengkapi studi ini. Saran pertama diberikan untuk peneliti selanjutnya yang akan mengadakan studi meggunakan The Boleyn Inheritance. Saran terakhir adalah implementasi The Boleyn Inheritance sebagai material dalam mengajar bahasa Inggris, khususnya untuk mengajar Intensive Reading II.
Kata Kunci= Kepribadian, Konflik, Menyelesaikan
THE INFLUENCE OF ANNE’S PERSONALITY TRAITS IN RESOLVING HER CONFLICTS AS SEEN IN PHILIPPA GREGORY’S
THE BOLEYN INHERITENCE
A THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Adisty Dewi Wulandari
051214002
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA
2010
ABSTRACT
Wulandari, Adisty Dewi. 2010. The Influence of Anne’s Personality Traits in Resolving Her Conflicts As Seen In Philippa Gregory’s The Boleyn Inheritance. Yogyakarta: English Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.
This thesis discusses Phillippa Gregory’s The Boleyn Inheritance. It presents one of the major characters named Anne, an ordinary young woman who is chosen to be the fourth queen of England. This study focuses on three problem formulations. They are: (1) How are Anne’s personality traits described in The Boleyn Inheritance? (2) What are the conflicts faced by Anne in The Boleyn Inheritance? (3) How do Anne’s personality traits influence her way in resolving her conflicts?
This thesis applies library research to analyze the problems. This study uses two kinds of sources, namely primary and secondary sources. The primary source is the novel, The Boleyn Inheritance. The second sources are taken from some books related to the theories. In analyzing Anne’s personality traits, this thesis applies psychological approach that is followed by the theory of personality and the theory of character and characterization. Furthermore, to discover the conflicts that are faced by Anne, this thesis uses the theory of conflict.
The first result of this study is about Anne’s personality traits that are seen in the novel. Anne is a major and a complex character. She is categorized as a protagonist character. According to the analysis, this study shows that Anne is responsible, calm, smart, kind hearted, caring, brave, self reliant, and optimistic. The second result of this study is about Anne’s conflicts in the novel. This study shows that Anne faces two kinds of conflicts. They are intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts. Next, this study finds out that Anne faces two kinds of intrapersonal conflicts. They are double-avoidance and approach-avoidance conflicts. Furthermore, Anne faces some interpersonal conflicts. She faces pseudo, simple and ego conflicts. The causes of interpersonal conflicts are relationship, communication and interest. Mostly, Anne faces her interpersonal conflicts using competitive and accommodation styles. She faces win-lose resolutions. Furthermore, this study finds out that Anne’s personality traits influence her much in resolving the conflicts.
Finally, the writer would like to propose two suggestions to complete this study. The first suggestion is proposed for the next researchers who want to conduct research using The Boleyn Inheritance. The last suggestion is the implementation of The Boleyn Inheritance as a material in teaching English, especially for teaching Intensive Reading II.
Keywords = Personality, Conflict, Resolving
ABSTRAK
Wulandari, Adisty Dewi. 2010. The Influence of Anne’s Personality Traits in Resolving Her Conflicts As Seen In Philippa Gregory’s The Boleyn Inheritance. Yogyakarta: Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Departemen Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Skripsi ini membahas The Boleyn Inheritance karya Phillippa Gregory. Novel ini menceritakan salah seorang karakter utama yang bernama Anne, seorang wanita muda biasa yang terpilih untuk menjadi ratu keempat kerajaan Inggris. Skripsi ini fokus pada tiga formulasi permasalahan. Rumusan-rumusan masalah itu adalah (1) Bagaimana sifat-sifat kepribadian Anne digambarkan dalam The Boleyn Inheritance? (2) Konflik-konflik apa saja yang dihadapi oleh Anne dalam The Boleyn Inheritance? (3) Bagaimana sifat-sifat kepribadian Anne mempengaruhi cara Anne dalam mengatasi konflik-konfliknya?
Skripsi ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka. Studi ni menggunakan dua macam sumber, yaitu sumber utama dan sumber kedua. Sumber utama adalah novel The Boleyn Inheritance. Sumber kedua diambil dari beberapa buku yang berhubungan dengan teori-teori skripsi ini. Dalam menganalisa karakter Anne, skripsi ini mengaplikasikan pendekatan psikologi yang diikuti oleh teori kepribadian, teori karakter dan karakterisasi. Lebih jauh, untuk mengungkap konflik yang dihadapi oleh Anne, studi ini menggunakan teori tentang konflik. Konflik teori juga digunakan untuk mengungkapkan pengaruh dari sifat-sifat kepribadian Anne dalam menuntaskan permasalahannya.
Hasil pertama dari studi ini mengenai sifat-sifat kepribadian Anne yang terlihat dalam novel. Anne adalah karakter utama dan karakter yang kompleks. Ia dikategorikan sebagai karakter protagonis. Berdasarkan pada analisa, studi ini menemukan bahwa Anne adalah seorang wanita yang bertanggung jawab, tenang, pintar, baik hati, peduli, berani, bergantung pada diri sendiri, dan optimis. Hasil kedua studi ini adalah konflik Anne dalam novel ini. Studi ini menunjukan bahwa Anne menghadapi dua jenis konflik. Konflik-konflik itu adalah intrapersonal dan interpersonal. Selanjutnya, studi ini menemukan bahwa Anne mengalami dua jenis konflik intrapersonal. Konflik-konflik itu adalah pendekatan-penghindaran-ganda dan pendekatan-penghindaran. Lebih jauh, Anne menghadapi beberapa konflik interpersonal. Ia mengalami konflik pseudo, simpel and ego. Sebab dari konflik interpersonal ini adalah hubungan, komunikasi dan ketertarikan. Umumnya, Anne menghadapi konflik-konflik interpersonalnya dengan gaya kompetitif dan akomodasi. Ia menghadapi resolusi-resolusi menang-kalah. Lebih jauh, studi ini menemukan bahwa sifat-sifat kepribadian Anne sangat berpengaruh dalam menyelesaikan masalah.
Akhirnya, penulis ingin memberikan dua saran untuk melengkapi studi ini. Saran pertama diberikan untuk peneliti selanjutnya yang akan mengadakan studi meggunakan The Boleyn Inheritance. Saran terakhir adalah implementasi The Boleyn Inheritance sebagai material dalam mengajar bahasa Inggris, khususnya untuk mengajar Intensive Reading II.
Kata Kunci= Kepribadian, Konflik, Menyelesaikan
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to everybody who supported
my study in accomplishing this thesis. First of all, I would like to give my greatest
honour to my Lord, Allah, for giving me His blessing and health so that I could
finish this thesis.
My dedication goes to my family; my parents, Mr Bambang Lukito in
heaven and Mrs Farlini, who have given their supports and prayers. May my father rest in peace in heaven; I dedicate this thesis to him as a proof that I can be
a person who makes him proud. Also, may my mother live in peace and find
happiness in her life. I dedicate this thesis to her as a proof that I am no longer a
child she must worry about, this is my turn to take care of her and make her proud
for the rest of her life. This thesis is also dedicated to my beloved and only
brother, Wisnu, may he find his way to live and always be successful in his career.
I would like to thank my major sponsor, Mrs Triprihatmini for her
guidance and her patience in giving me right direction to accomplish this study. I
also would like to thank my friends; Listyan, Jojo, Chekar, Gendis, Andre,
Lara, Mas Leo, Febby, Vega and Wuri for their information so that I can finish this study in a right direction. I would like to thank my friends, Pepy, Esti, Mas
Heby, Mas Miko, Indro and Andre who give me their time to check my study. Their feedbacks and directions help me a lot to make this study better. I also
would like to thank my entire classmate friends that I could not mention one by
one; everyone who has become ever in a team with me. I am happy to have a good
time in PBI and have good experiences with them. Those experiences make me
more mature and patient. May God give them a happy successful life.
I would like to express my thanks to my best friends; Ery who always
gives me her support and reminds me not to be too stressful in doing my study,
and Cut Ayu, who always supports me to finish my study. Last but not least, I would like to thank my lover, Andjar, who always accompanies me even in
difficult time. I thank him for the great love and support. He makes me feel
complete as a woman.
Adisty Dewi Wulandari
Why I always see others’ achievements with envy? While indeed, I can do better than they do if I want Why I always hide and run when I face hard situations?
While others can face it with courage
Why I always full of doubts and easily give up in making decisions? While others always try their best to find the best resolution
Why I always cry and panic if everything goes wrong? While others can handle it with calmness and patience
Yesterday,
I let everything happened, I never did anything to fix it I let my pride, my selfishness, my doubts, my fears led the way
Then the prize I won was Failure
Now, I refuse to stop and cry I refuse to surrender I refuse to fear and run From anything that will come to me
Whether it is good or bad Whether it is happiness or sorrow
I will face it
With the best effort I can do With the best spirit I can have With the best courage I can build
-Adisty Dewi Wulandari-
I dedicate this thesis to: My beloved father in heaven My beloved mother and brother
My beloved friends who have coloured my life
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PAGE OF TITLE………..i
APPROVAL PAGES……….….ii
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY………...iv
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMI………..v
ABSTRACT………vi
ABSTRAK………..…vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………..viii
PAGE OF DEDICATION ………...x
TABLE OF CONTENTS………..…..xi
LIST OF APPENDICES……….….……….xiv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION………..1
A. Background of the Study……….…….1
B. Problem Formulation……….5
C. Objectives of the Study………..………...5
D. Benefits of the Study………...………..6
E. Definition of Terms………...6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………9
A. Review of Related Theories………..9
1. Critical Approach………...9
2. Theory of Character and Characterization………..…10
3. Theory of Personality………..14
4. Theory of Conflict………...17
a. Types of Conflict……….17
b. Causes of Conflict………...19
c. Style of People in Approaching Conflict………...………….20
d. Resolution of Conflict……….21
B. Review of Related Studies………...23
C. Theoretical Framework………...…………24
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY………...…….27
A. Object of the Study……….27
B. Approach of the Study………...………...28
C. Method of the Study………...29
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS…...32
A. Anne’s Personality Traits in The Boleyn Inheritance………32
1. Responsible………...34
2. Calm ………...36
3. Smart ………..37
4. Kind Hearted and Caring………39
5. Brave………...41
6. Self-Reliant……….43
7. Optimistic……… ……….………….44
B. Conflicts Faced By Anne in The Boleyn Inheritance………45
1. Intrapersonal Conflict……….46
a. Anne’s Decision to Stay in England………...46
b. Anne’s Decision to Stay Away From King Henry VIII…………...48
2. Interpersonal Conflict………..50
a. Anne Versus William and Her Mother………...………51
b. Anne Versus Duke of Norfolk, Jane Boleyn and Katherine Howard. ………..53
c. Anne Versus King Henry VIII…………...……… 55
d. Anne Versus False Witnesses ………57
C. The Influence of Anne’s Personality Traits in Resolving Conflict…...….58
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS …...64
A. Conclusions………64
B. Suggestions………70
1. Suggestions for Further Researcher………70
2. Suggestions for English Teacher……….71
REFERENCES….………..73
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix 1: Summary of The Boleyn Inheritance………76
Appendix 2: Biography of Philippa Gregory……….81
Appendix 3: Lesson Plan for Teaching Intensive Reading II………83
Appendix 4: Material for Intensive Reading II………. 85
Appendix 5: Answer Key...………..……… 88
Appendix 6: Pictures………..89
Appendix 7: The Boleyn Inheritance Short Story………..…....92
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter consists of five parts. The first part is the background of the
study which contains the reason in choosing the novel, the general information
about the novel, and the reason in choosing aspects to be discussed. The second
part is the problem formulation. In this part, there are some problem statements
that will be discussed and analyzed further. The next part is the objectives of the
study that answers the question formulated in the problem formulation. The fourth
part is the benefits of the study that explains about the advantages of this study for
the readers. The last part is the definition of terms related to the study.
A. Background of the Study
Literature makes the world colourful through arts, since it is one of the
human works that full of inspirations, values and imaginations. Pooley says
“Literature always deals with human beings” (2), it means that literature touches
humanity through poems, dramas, novels, and play performances. In addition,
Wellek and Warren also state that literature is a complex object, “literary work is
not simple object but rather a highly complex organization of stratified characters
with multiply meaning and relationship” (27). Based on the statement above, it
can be assumed that literature is rich of complex characters, relationships, and
values. Behind its beauties, literature is also rich of messages and social
conditions. Sometimes, it also describes history. In brief, literary gives description
about human life in beautiful ways.
This study uses a novel because novel is one of the kinds of literary works
that rich of characters, conflicts and resolution of problems. By reading a novel,
the reader can improve their imaginations and enrich their knowledge about many
conditions in life. A novel can give information about many cultures,
characteristics, problem resolutions, and life values.
For this study, the writer uses The Boleyn Inheritance that is written by
Philippa Gregory. This novel is one of the Philippa Gregory’s fascinating literary
works that tells about kingdom court, England Kingdom. This novel is written
based on history of England. Because of that reason, this novel is not only giving
information about cultures, social conditions, and personalities of people but also
giving knowledge about England’s history. It was first published in 2006. This
novel is the sequel of The Other Boleyn Girls which tells about the chronicles of
the first, the second and the third marriages of King Henry VIII. Gregory creates
all of the characters based on true history of England. Furthermore, The Boleyn
Inheritance tells about the chronicles about the fourth and the fifth marriages of King Henry VIII. According to the story, there are many obstacles of being King
Henry’s queens, especially when the queen is rejected by King Henry VIII.
Through this novel, we can learn about the history of King Henry’s queens and
learn about how they survive from the tyranny of their husband.
Besides giving many values of life and history of England, this novel is
also unique. It has three main characters. The first main character is Anne. She is
a young woman who runs from her home to be the fourth queen of England. The
lady-in-waiting, and the third main character is Katherine Howard, a pretty girl who
becomes a maid-in–waiting of the queen of England. Finally, Katherine becomes
the fifth queen of England. In this novel, Gregory voices her story through these
characters. Each of them voices their minds, their thought, their speeches and their
plans to survive from King Henry’s tyranny. Because of that reason, the writer
chooses this novel to discuss.
Besides containing messages about life, literature is also rich of conflicts
because literature is the expression of life through the medium of language
(Hudson 10). As we know, human’s life is never free from conflicts. Human is
both individual and social creatures. A human as an individual creature means that
every human has his own uniqueness such as different personalities, manners,
behaviours, and attitudes. On the other hand, a human is also a social creature
which means that he or she needs other people to survive. In a relationship, there
must be differences, either the differences in personalities, beliefs, interpretations,
motivations, or goals. These differences can be the source of conflicts. Because of
that reason, there is no doubt that human will face conflicts among them.
According to Isenhart and Spangle (7), our daily life problems are often caused by
internal-unconscious state such as anxiety, fear, ego, aggressiveness or guilt.
Based on this statement, it can be concluded that human conflicts are not only
triggered by his relationship with others but also triggered by his feelings.
Generally, conflict is a condition that brings people into doubts, sadness,
unhappiness, and also fears. According to this description, it seems that conflicts
trigger a conflict to happen whether it comes from internal or external causes.
However, conflicts have big influence in human development. It plays big roles in
someone’s life. Conflict also affects someone’s behaviour towards others.
Therefore, learning every conflict that occurs in life is essential for the process of
self development, whether it is in reality or in a form of fiction like novels,
dramas, poems, and plays. Because of that reason, the writer chooses conflict to
be explored more in this study.
Basically, every human has his own uniqueness in personalities, goals,
decisions, and also priorities. Personality leads someone to choose his way to face
conflicts. It has a great influence in someone’s way of life, whether it is good or
bad. Therefore, human personalities are always interesting to learn. Because of
that reason, the writer chooses personality to be discussed in this study.
Furthermore, the writer chooses Anne of Cleves because she faces many
conflicts and pressures rather than other two main characters, Jane Boleyn and
Katherine Howard. Anne runs from her country, Cleves, and comes to England in
order to marry King Henry VIII. One day, all of the main characters meet in one
destiny and share the same inheritance, the Boleyn inheritance. Anne of Cleves,
who is chosen to marry the King, begins her new life in a new country with a big
hope. She wishes to be a good queen for England. Unfortunately, her hope to be a
good queen never comes to reality. Her life is in danger when the king tries to
annul their marriage and the other characters play a seduction game to seek a
chance to sit on the throne again. She is the only queen who is rejected by the
Because of many conflicts, manipulations, false witnesses, accusations,
and lies are described through the story, this novel gives a description on how
personalities of people lead them to take different ways in resolving conflicts in
life. The Boleyn Inheritance also describes how people’s actions and decisions in
facing problems lead them to their own destiny.
In the novel, it is interesting to study Anne’s personality traits and
conflicts. The writer is interested in analyzing Anne’s conflicts because Anne
faces many conflicts in her life that nearly put her to the death. Therefore, by
analyzing Anne’s personality traits and conflicts in this novel, it can give a new
point of view for the readers in facing and solving their problems.
B. Problem Formulation
To make this thesis well organized, the writer sets the question as follow:
1. How are Anne’s personality traits described in The Boleyn Inheritance?
2. What are the conflicts faced by Anne in The Boleyn Inheritance?
3. How do Anne’s personality traits influence her way in resolving her conflicts?
C. Objectives of the Study
The aim of this study is firstly to find out the personality traits of Anne.
Subsequently, the second aim is to find out the conflicts that are faced by Anne.
The last objective is to find out the influence of Anne’s personality traits in
D. Benefits of the Study
This study is conducted to give a description on how important to learn
human personalities and conflicts in life. Every conflict must have resolution to be
learnt. Hopefully, with this study, the readers know more about personality of
people, learn more about conflicts, and learn how someone’s personality
influences someone’s way in resolving many conflicts in his or her life.
E. Definition of Terms
In this part, the writer includes the definition of some terms related to the
title of this study. It is done in order to avoid misinterpretation and
misunderstanding so that the readers can have a better description about the
content that will be discussed further in this study. There are three definitions in
this part, they are the definition of personality, definition of conflict, and the last
is definition of resolution.
1. Personality
According Lane and Dockeray (490), an individual’s personality refers to
his characteristics of reaction that make him different from other people. Another
understanding comes from Halonen and Santrock. They say “Personality refers to
our enduring thoughts, emotions, and behaviours that characterize the way we
interact with the world” (378). They also agree that traits are the fundamental
Additionally, a trait means stable and consistent characteristics that can be
used to describe someone’s personality (Allport and Odbert 443). In another
understanding, traits are defined as patterns of behaviours that are relatively
consistent in various situations (Lahey 406).
In this novel, there are three main characters in The Boleyn Inheritance;
they are Jane Boleyn, Katherine Howard, and Anne of Cleves. For this study, the
writer only uses one of the main characters of The Boleyn Inheritance; Anne of
Cleves. She is a German Protestant woman who runs from her country and
marries the King of England, King Henry VIII. She becomes the fourth queen of
England. This study discusses about Anne’s personality traits using Murphy’s and
Barnet’s methods of characterization. In this study, the writer not only focuses on
Anne’s personality traits but also focuses on how her personality traits influence
her way to solve every obstacle and danger.
2. Conflict
Holman and Harmon (107) mention that conflict is a struggle that grows
out of the interplay of the two opposing forces in the plot. Conflict maybe an
argument between opposing forces, like man against man, nature, fate, society, or
perhaps the internal one between the two opposing parts of man’s personality.
Others, like Robert and Jacobs (88), define conflicts as the opposition
between two characters. It may also exist between larger groups of people,
although in fiction conflict may also exist between an individual and larger forces,
existence of difficult choices within an individual’s mind may also be presented
not as direct opposition, but as a set of comparative ideas of values. This study
focuses on discovering Anne’s conflicts, both intrapersonal and interpersonal
conflicts. This study also focuses on how Anne’s personality traits influence her
way in resolving her conflicts.
3. Resolution
According to Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary, the word “resolution” means the act of solving or settling problems (1132). In this study, resolution
refers to Anne’s action and behaviour in resolving her conflict in the novel. This
study will analyze how Anne’s characteristics influence her in solving her
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of three major parts. The first part is the review of
related theories. It consists of critical approach, theory of character and
characterization, theory of personality, and the last is theory of conflict. The
second part is the review of related studies. It describes previous research which is
related to the study. The last part is theoretical framework which describes the
contribution of the theories in solving the problems.
A. Review of Related Theories 1. Critical Approach
Analyzing a novel is not the same as someone reading and imagining its
stories. The writer must avoid subjectivity when he or she analyzes a novel.
Therefore, critical approach is needed. According to Rohrberger and Woods
(6-15), there are five approaches that can be used when a writer analyzes a novel.
They are the formalist approach, the biographical approach, the
sociocultural-historical approach, the mythopoeic approach, and the last is the psychological
approach.
The first approach is formalist approach. The Formalist approach is an
approach that focuses on the integrity of literary works. This approach concerns
with the harmonist connection between one and other aspects in a novel. The next
is biographical approach. This approach focuses on the importance of the author’s
ideas and personal life. It also reveals the author’s development in order to
understand his or her writing. Unlike the biographical approach which focuses on
the importance of the author’s ideas and personal life, the sociocultural historical
approach focuses on social, cultural, civilization, and history as reference to
analyze the novel. The next approach is the mythopoeic approach. It attempts to
discover the particular pattern of human thought that share the same universal
belief to have an expression in certain community mind.
The last approach is psychological approach. It involves the theories of
psychology as the references to analyze the characters in the story. Psychological
approach allows the researcher to discover the pattern of human personality and
behaviour. Barnet states “a character is a figure with specific mental and moral
qualities; it is obvious that characters are observable through psychology in terms
that they consist of unique mental qualities” (71). Based on the statement above,
it can be assumed that analyzing the characters deals with psychology. Therefore,
this study applies the psychological approach to discover and analyze Anne’s
personality traits.
2. Theory of Character and Characterization
This study focuses on Anne’s personality traits. Therefore, the theory of
character and characterization is important to be applied in order to analyze the
problems of this study. Holman and Harmon state “character means a complicated
term that includes the idea of the moral constitution of the human personality, the
presence of moral uprightness and the simpler notion of the presence of creature
description above, it can be assumed that a character in a novel is a complex
creature like human being. A character has personality traits and physical
appearance. In a novel, there must be a character who leads the reader to know the
story.
There are some types of characters in a novel. Holman and Harmon (400)
mention that a character can be determined by analyzing the character’s role.
There are two roles of characters; it can be antagonist and protagonist. A
protagonist is the character that has an important role in the play and has an ability
to enlist the reader’s sympathy and interest. In contrast, antagonist character is the
character who directly opposes the protagonist (Holman and Harmon 27). From
the description above, it can be assumed that protagonist character faces major
conflicts in a story.
While Holman and Harmon define characters based on their roles in a
novel, Henkel (87) defines character in another way. He states that characters can
be divided based on the function and the prominence. They are major and
secondary character. Major character is a character that deserves to get attention
from the readers and other characters. On the other hand, secondary character is
the one who performs more limited function in the story. Secondary character also
appears less often than major character.
Furthermore, Forster (46) introduces new terms in determining the
characters. He defines a character as a flat character and a round character. A flat
character is presented without much individualizing detail, and static. For example
gentle, and rich man. In contrast, a round character is presented with personality,
like most people. This character is capable of surprising in the story.
After we know about the types of character based on the role, the function,
and the prominence, we need to know more about the character’s personality.
Therefore, characterization methods are needed to describe a character’s
personality of a novel. Characterization methods allow the writer to reveal the
character’s physical appearance and personality traits.
Based on Rohrberger and Woods (180), characterization is a process by
which an author creates the character with particular type of person. It means that
every character in a story is different, both mentally and physically appearances.
Murphy (161) states that characterization is the way an author conveys the
characters and personalities so that the readers understand and know the
characters.
To avoid subjectivity in analyzing a character of a novel, this study needs
methods of characterization. This study uses two theories that are proposed by
Sylvan Barnet and Murphy.
Barnet (712) determines four ways to understand the characteristics of a
character. They are; what the character says, what the characters does or acts,
what other characters say about the character and the last what others do.
Similar to Barnet who proposes four ways in determining a character,
Murphy (161-173) explains about nine principals in the process of
a. Personal description
The author can describe a character in personal description; the author
may draw details about the character’s appearance and clothes. For example:
eyes, clothes, skin, face, height, appearance.
b. Character as seen by the others.
The author can describe a character through other characters’ eyes point
of views and opinions so that the readers can get a reflection image about the
character’s personality and appearance.
c. Character’s speech
The author can give the readers an insight into character through
character’s speech and words. The reader may know the personality of the
character by the character’s opinion or statement.
d. Past life
The author can give a clue of personality through past life. It is done in
order to let the readers learn something from character’s previous life and
know the shape of a person’s character.
e. Conversation of others
The readers can take clues of person’s character through the
conversation of other characters and the things they say about him. It can help
the readers understand better about the character and get a clue about the
f. Reaction
The author gives a clue to the reader based on the reaction of the
character to various situation and events in the story.
g. Direct comment
The author can describe or comment a character in a novel directly. The
author can give his or her personal comment to the characters he or she
creates directly.
h. Thought
The author can give the readers direct knowledge of what a character is
thinking about. With this clue, the author wants to give a description of a
character for the readers through the character’s mind. By knowing the
character’s thoughts and minds, the readers can learn his or her characteristics.
i. Mannerism
The author can describe a character’s mannerism, idiosyncrasies and
habits. It can lead the readers learn the person’s characteristics.
This study focuses on analyzing Anne’s personality traits. Therefore, this
study applies the theory of personality in order to find out about the personality
traits of Anne.
3. Theory of Personality
Before discussing further about the theory of personality that deals with
human psychology, it is important to know the definition of psychology first.
means that psychology focuses on the mind, the mental, and the thought of
organisms. In this study, organism belongs to human. As we know, human is a
unique organism. He is gifted with mind, feeling, free will, ambition, emotion,
and also personality.
C.G Jung says “psychological mode works with material drawn from
man’s conscious life with crucial experiences, powerful emotions, suffering
passion, and the stuff of human fate in general” (89). Based on the statement
above, personality of a character can be seen through his or her actions,
experiences he or she has, and how he or she faces problems and resolves it.
To analyze personality, Sigmund Freud (379-380) proposes
psychoanalytic theory. It focuses on emotion and unconscious mental processes.
In psychoanalytic theory, Freud states that personality is determined by three
major systems; id, ego, and superego. Each system has its own function, but three
of them interact to govern behaviour.
According to Freud, Id is a basic structure of personality of human being.
Id always seeks pleasure and avoids pain. Id is unconscious which means that
there is no contact with reality. The person only thinks about pleasure. Id leads
someone to satisfy his basic needs such as self protection, sexual desire, and
hunger. The next is ego. This structure of personality follows the reality principle.
Ego is partly conscious. It works based on the condition on how a person can stay
away from problems. The last personality structure is superego. It leads someone
to his fully conscious actions. It gives him a sense of morality about right or
While Freud proposes three structures of personality, Costa and McCrae
(qtd. in Huffman et al 445-446) propose five-factor-theory. It is five major
dimensions of personality and well-known as OCEAN. It is a combination theory
based on the research finding of modern traits and possible personality traits. O
means Openness to experience; individual who has this personality tends to be
imaginative, creative, curious, open to new idea, and interested in cultural
pursuits. In contrast, a person who is not open to experience tends to be
conventional, down to earth, inartistic, and narrower in their interest.
The next is C. C means Consciousness; a person with this personality
tends to be responsible, well organized, careful, reliable, and hard working. In
contrast, individual who is low in consciousness tends to be irresponsible,
careless, impulsive, undependable to other, lazy, and disorganized. Next, E means
Extroversion. Individuals with this personality are sociable, outgoing, talkative,
fun loving, and affectionate. The opposite personality of extroversion is
introversion. An individual with introvert personality is quite, passive,
withdrawn, reserved, and loner.
Furthermore, A means Agreeableness; a person who has this personality
tends to be warm, good natured, gentle, cooperative, helpful, and trusting. On the
other hand, an individual who is low in agreeableness tends to be argumentative,
ruthless, suspicious, uncooperative, vindictive and irritable. The last acronym is
N. N means Neuroticism. A person with this personality is emotionally unstable
contrast, a person who low in neuroticism is emotionally stable. He or she tends to
be calm, easy going, relaxed, and even-tempered.
4. Theory of Conflict
Human life is never free from conflict. Holman and Harmon say “conflict
as the struggle that grows out of the interplay of the two opposing forces in the
plot” (107). It means that conflict happens between two oppositions like man
against man, man against nature, man against fate, man against society, or perhaps
man against his personality. Another definition comes from Jones and Gerard.
They say “a conflict is a state that requires the person when he is motivated to
make two or more mutual incompatible actions” (qtd. in Worchel and Cooper
460). It means that a person will face a conflict when he cannot do two or more
actions in the same time. As a result, he must choose one way and accept the
consequences. In this part, there are four sub parts that will be explained in
conflicts theory, they are types of conflict, causes of conflict, style of people in
approaching conflict, and the last is resolution of conflict.
a. Types of Conflict
There are some types of conflicts. Stanton (16) proposes two types of
conflicts. They are internal and external conflicts. An internal conflict means a
conflict that comes from the character himself, whether he has a problem in his
comes from the outside. It can be a conflict with other human being, society,
nature, even social belief and tradition.
In addition, Worchel and Cooper (460-464) also determine two types of
conflict. They propose intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts. An intrapersonal
conflict means a conflict that an individual experiences when he or she makes a
decision between two or more alternatives. In making decision, a person finds
difficulties to decide the right choice. Therefore, there are four kinds of conflict
that can be found in intrapersonal conflict. They are approach-approach,
avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and double-approach-avoidance
conflicts.
An approach-approach conflict appears when a person can choose only
one action between two positive goals because he only can reach one goal. The
next is avoidance-avoidance conflict. It appears when an individual must choose
one between two unattractive goals. Furthermore, an approach-avoidance conflict
occurs when a person faces only one goal that has both positive and negative
sides. As a result, he or she is full of doubt in choosing his or her goal. The last is
double approach-avoidance conflict. This conflict has two goals that all of the
choices have positive and negative sides.
Based on the description above, we know that intrapersonal conflict deals
with human minds and doubts. On the other hand, interpersonal conflict means a
conflict which deals with two or more people when they are involved in achieving
incompatible goals. According to Beebe and Redman (297-300), interpersonal
and ego conflicts. The first is pseudo conflict. This conflict occurs because of the
lack of understanding between individuals or parties. Next, simple conflict
happens because of the differences on definitions, ideas, goals, and perceptions
between individuals. While simple and pseudo conflicts are caused by lack of
understanding and differences with others, ego conflict appears when personal
differences occur to each individual in a group.
b. Causes of Conflict
Many causes can trigger conflicts. As Isenhart and Spangle (14-15) has
written, there are seven common causes of conflicts. Those are data, interest,
procedures, values, relationship, roles, and communication. Data can be a source
of conflict because everyone has different interpretation and source of data.
Therefore, data can make people argue each other. The second cause is the
interest. Because of every person has his own interest, it can trigger a conflict if
he force his own interest to others.
The next cause is the procedure. It can trigger a conflict when someone or
parties do not involve in a discussion if they do not agree with the procedures in
solving problems. The fourth cause is the values. Values can be causes of a
conflict because everyone has different priority of values. The fifth cause is the
relationship. In daily life, relationship can be broken if an individual does not
respect other. The sixth cause is the role. A conflict appears when individual has
imbalance role among the rules toward his own roles. The last is the
miscommunication occurs. Miscommunication will make someone interprets the
communication differently.
c. Style of People in Approaching Conflict
In this part, Isenhart and Spangle (26-27) propose five common ways that
describe on how someone approaches the conflict. They are avoiding style,
accommodation style, comprising style, competitive style, and collaborative style.
The first is avoiding style. Avoiding style means that someone denies if
there is a conflict in his or her life. Usually, he or she avoids talking or discussing
the conflict. Avoiding style is done because the person does not want any goals,
achievements, or solutions. The next style is accommodation style. A person or a
party sacrifices his or her interest. He concerns to other’s interest so that they can
achieve a resolution. This style happens when a person or party feels impossible
to achieve the goals. The next is comprising style. In this style, each party
sacrifices part of his or her interest to achieve the negotiation. It means that both
parties need to do a negotiation since they have the same goals that require a
quick resolution.
The fourth style is competitive. Competitive means compete with others,
uncooperative behaviour and self focused. This style is effective when a person
faces a condition that needs a quick resolution. The last style is collaborative.
Unlike competitive style which is self-focused and uncooperative, collaborative
communication. That is why collaborative style will form a long term
relationship with other. It requires the cooperative behaviour from both parties.
d. Resolution of Conflict
In life, everyone has his own way in facing a conflict, either it is
intrapersonal or interpersonal conflict. Intrapersonal conflict is a person’s inner
conflict that occurs because of the choices between two or more alternative ways.
In facing intrapersonal conflict, Worchel and Cooper (460-464) state some
resolution for those who face intrapersonal conflict. If someone faces an
approach-approach conflict, he can define his goal and find the better way in
achieving more goals. An approach-avoidance conflict is hardly has a resolution
because someone hardly finds a resolution in this situation. Furthermore, if
someone faces an avoidance-avoidance conflict, the better resolution for this
problem is to avoid the conflict because the effect will bring him to negative
effect. Then, if he faces a double approach-avoidance conflict, there are two
resolutions to solve this problem. First resolution is trying to achieve one goal and
giving up to another. The second resolution depends on the value of each goal, if
the positive value is higher than negative, then the goal can be reached.
While intrapersonal conflict deals with human’s doubts, interpersonal
conflict deals with another man or party. Therefore, it needs a way to resolve the
problem. Alder and Towne (376-380) define three manners in taking decision to
resolve the interpersonal conflict. They are win-lose, lose-lose, and win-win
result of conflict while the other is giving up their goals and interests. In lose-lose
decision, there is no side who feels satisfied with the solution of conflict. The last
solution is win-win. It means that each side will satisfied with the solution of the
conflict. They achieve their goals without giving up their interests.
While Alder and Towne propose three manners in finding conflict
resolution, Isenhart and Spangle (45-152) hold another point of view to achieve
interpersonal conflict resolution. They are negotiation, mediation, facilitation,
arbitration and judicial process.
The first alternative resolution is negotiation. Negotiation means that there
is a compromise between parties to achieve their goals. There are two types of
negotiation; they are integrative and distributive resolutions. In integrative
resolution, the parties usually exchange information. They rarely use threats or
demands to achieve their goals. They are identifying their goals while protecting
their relationships with other party. As a result, both of parties will state their
goals and advantages clearly. In contrast, distributive resolution uses threats or
demands to achieve the goals. It is known as bargaining process. This process
does not concern with the relationship between two parties.
The second alternative is mediation. In this alternative, the third party is
needed as mediators to guide the two parties, who are in conflict, to find out their
problem resolution. In this case, the third party is a neutral side. The next
alternative will be facilitation. Usually, facilitation plays a role in a complex
problem that cope a large size of people. In this alternative resolution, the third
discussion that needs a process of opinion surveying, image building, and also
brainstorming. The fourth alternative resolution will be arbitration. Arbitration
resolution plays a role when both parties do not find a resolution to solve their
problems. Therefore, the both parties choose the third party to make the decision.
The last alternative is judicial process. This is a step when all the alternative
resolutions cannot give any resolution for conflicts. It is done based on the social
norms, the legal or non-legal laws and the procedures to resolve the conflicts. The
third party of this judicial process is known as court.
B. Review of Related Studies
In this part, the writer presents a previous study related to The Boleyn
Inheritance. Mostly, people know that King Henry VIII has eight queens. Cristinab studies that King Henry VIII only has six queens and not all of them are
beheaded. Only two of them are beheaded; they are Anne Boleyn and Katherine
Howard. Cristinab finds out that Katherine of Aragon is sent by King Henry to
exile because the king falls in love with Anne Boleyn. Anne Boleyn, the second
queen is beheaded. She is accused of adultery with some men by King Henry. The
third queen is Jane Seymour. This queen passes away after she gives birth to a
baby. The fourth queen is Anne of Cleves. The king divorces Anne and accuses
her for a witchcraft that unmanned him. Luckily, the king only sends her to exile.
The fifth queen is Katherine Howard; she is beheaded because of adultery. The
This study investigates only the fourth queen of England, Anne of Cleves.
This study will reveal Anne’s personality traits, her conflicts that are seen in the
story and also the influence of her personality traits in resolving her conflicts. This
study will investigate not only intrapersonal but also interpersonal conflicts.
C. Theoretical Framework
For this study, the writer presents many theories that are related to the
problems formulations. The discussion of the first problem will apply the theory
of character and characterization. With these theories, the writer has clues on how
to reveal someone’s characteristics. To discover Anne’s role, function and
prominence in the novel, the writer uses the theory of character from Foster,
Henkle, Holman and Harmon. The writer also uses the theory from Murphy and
Barnet as the base method of characterization. By using the methods of
characterization, the writer can analyze and understand Anne’s personality traits
deeper. This study will also be related to Freud’s theory about the structure of
personality. He proposes three ideas; id, ego and super ego. Based on this theory,
the writer will find out about what structure of personality that influences Anne’s
personality traits. The writer also uses Paul Costa and Robert McCrae’s theory.
They propose five basic personality traits. They are openness to experience,
consciousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Based on this
theory, the writer will find out about Anne’s basic personality.
The second problem will be analyzed by using the theory of conflict. This
The writer uses one theory in this part. It comes from Worchel and Cooper
(460-464). They divide the types of conflict into two; they are intrapersonal and
interpersonal conflicts. With this theory, the writer will find out about the types of
conflicts that are faced by Anne in the story.
The writer also includes the causes of conflict as the second theory of
conflict. This theory is included as base information about the causes of conflict.
In this part, the writer uses Isenhart and Spangle (14-15) theory. They state seven
common causes of conflicts. Those are data, interest, procedures, values,
relationship, roles, and communication. Based on this theory, the writer tries to
find out about the causes of Anne’s conflicts in the story.
The next part is the style of people in approaching conflict. For this study,
the writer also uses Isenhart’s and Spangle’s theory about the common ways on
how someone approaches a conflict. There are five ways of approaching a
conflict. They are avoiding style, accommodation style, comprising style,
competitive style, and the last is collaborative style (Isenhart and Spangle 26-27).
The writer includes this theory because it is important to know Anne’s style in
resolving her conflicts in the novel.
The last problem will be analyzed using the theory of conflict resolution.
In this part, the writer uses the theory that is proposed by Alder and Towne
(376-380) about the manners of conflict resolution, they are win-lose, lose-lose, and the
last is win-win solution. Furthermore, the writer includes Isenhart and Spangle’s
(45-152) theory about the alternative resolutions in solving interpersonal conflicts.
arbitration, and judicial process. The last theory is the theory proposed by
Worchel and Cooper (460-464) about facing intrapersonal conflict. By applying
these theories, the writer will find out about the clue on how Anne faces her
conflicts. These theories are important to reveal Anne’s decisions to solve her
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, there are three points to be discussed. The first is the
object of the study, the second is the approach of the study, and the last point is
the method of the study. The first point is the object of the study. It includes the
object of the study description and brief explanation about the work in general.
The next discussion is the approach of the study. It explains about the approach
which is used in conducting the research. The last discussion will be the method
of the study. It explains about the steps which are taken by the writer in
conducting this research, from reading up to reporting the findings.
A. Object of the Study
The object of this study is a novel entitled The Boleyn Inheritance written
by Philippa Gregory. This novel was first published in 2006. It is a direct sequel
to Gregory’s previous novel The Other Boleyn Girl. The Boleyn Inheritance tells
about three women who share the same fate; the Boleyn inheritance. Boleyn itself
is the name of the royal family in England. The story covers a period from 1539
until 1542. It tells the chronicles of the fourth and the fifth marriages of King
Henry VIII. This novel consists of 566 pages. This story is spoken through the
point of view of three women. It is divided into 109 chapters. There are 39
chapters of Jane Boleyn, 36 chapters of Anne, and 34 chapters of Katherine.
In this novel, Philippa Gregory voices her story through the voices of three
women; Anne of Cleves, Jane Boleyn and Katherine Howard. Anne runs from her
family and tries to find her own life in a new country to be the queen of England,
the fourth queen of England. The second main character is Jane Rochford, also
known as Jane Boleyn, a woman who serves the queen of England once. She
sends her husband and sister in law to their death because of her witness. She is
seeking the opportunity to serve the queen again. The last main character is
Katherine Howard, a beautiful girl who loves to party and loves to flirt handsome
men. She is also seeking the opportunity to serve the queen. She wants to live at
court.
For this study, the writer focuses on analyzing Anne’s personality traits
and her conflicts. The writer chooses Anne to be analyzed because she is one of
the major characters that faces many complicated conflicts in the story. In this
novel, Gregory creates Anne’s character based on the true history of England.
Anne of Cleves, the fourth queen of England who survives from the threat of
death that is caused by her own husband, King Henry VIII. In this novel, Gregory
creates a fearful, evil, treacherous, dangerous and luxurious atmosphere at
England court. She gives a sense of wickedness in her story and describes
England’s history in attractive way.
B. Approach of the Study
This study analyzes Anne’s personality traits and conflicts. Since this
approach. According to Rohrberger and Woods (6-15), psychological approach
involves the theories of psychology as the references to analyse the characters in
the story. It is aimed to discover the pattern of human personality and behaviour.
By using the psychological approach, the character’s thought, personality and
behaviour can be analysed further. In analyzing someone’s characters, this
approach allows the writer to discover the personality through Anne’s actions,
behaviours, minds, thoughts, and appearance. For that reason, psychological
approach is applied in this study.
Since every person has his own personality, objective, priority, and belief,
there must be differences emerge between people. Therefore, it may cause a
conflict. When a character has a relationship with other characters, it also can
trigger a conflict. For that reason, psychological approach is applied to discover
the conflicts faced by Anne in the story. This study also uses the psychological
approach to find out about the resolutions to solve the conflicts.
C. Method of the Study
The method of this study was library research. The writer used books and
references to support the analysis. The primary source of this thesis was the novel
written by Phillipa Gregory entitled The Boleyn Inheritance. The other sources were theories related to the study. Those theories are the theory of psychological
approach, the theory of character and characterizations, the theory of personality,
In conducting this study, the writer took some steps. The first step was
reading the novel many times to have a better understanding about the story. After
that, the writer wrote down all the general findings through the story and made
decision which part would be discussed. After reading the novel many times, the
writer reread the novel and started to underline the important things such as
statements, events, behaviours, reactions and conversations. Furthermore, the
second step was formulating the problems of the study. In this part, the writer
chose some problems to be discussed in this thesis. The writer was interested in
discussing the personality traits of Anne, the conflicts that were faced by her, and
the influence of her personality traits in resolving her conflicts in the story.
The next step was finding any sources that were related to the study. These
sources were important in order to support the analysis of the study. The writer
tried to find out the books that contains of character and characterization theories,
conflicts and resolution theories, psychological approach theories, psychology
theories that were related to characters and personality. The writer did not only
use books but also use internet as the sources of theories.
After the theories were collected, the writer moved on to the next step. The
fourth step was analyzing the novel based on the problem formulation. There were
three aspects analyzed in this study, they were Anne’s personality traits, Anne’s
conflicts, and the influence of Anne’s personality traits in resolving her conflicts.
By applying the theories, the writer could analyze deeper about Anne’s
The last step was drawing the conclusions. It was done after the writer
doing the library research, formulating the problems, finding the data and the
theories, analyzing the data and applying the theories. The writer drew
conclusions as the result of the analysis to answer the problem formulations in this
study. The writer also gave suggestions for English teacher and future
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS
This chapter is aimed to find out the answer of the problem formulations.
This study has three major parts to analyze in this chapter. The first part discusses
about Anne’s personality traits. The second part explains about the conflicts that
are faced by Anne. The last part explains about the influence of Anne’s
personality traits in resolving her conflicts in the story.
A. Anne’s Personality Traits in The Boleyn Inheritance
In analyzing character’s personality traits in a novel, it is first important to
know the character’s role in the story. Therefore, the writer discusses the role,
function, and prominence of Anne in The Boleyn Inheritance before analyzing
further about personality traits. According to Henkel’s (87) theory about the
prominence and function of a character, Anne can be assumed as major character
in this novel because she plays an important role. Important role means that the
story is spoken through her voice. She plays a role as a round character because
she represents unique personality traits. Anne is included as a protagonist
character because she can lead the readers’ attention and sympathy through her
conflicts and characteristics.
After the writer discovers the role, the function and the prominence of
Anne’s character in the story, personality analysis will follow the next discussion.
According to Murphy (161), personal description is one of the methods that can
be used to understand characterization of a character. In this novel, Anne is
described as a Protestant Princess who marries the king of England in order to
gain political support for her small country, Cleves. It can be seen on page 20,
when William, her elder brother, warns her about her duty; leads the king of
England to reform so that all the protestant powers in Europe are united.
Anne is a twenty-four years old woman. She is a virgin when she marries
the king. She has honest gaze like a child, younger looks than her age. She also
has a friendly smile, modest and ignorant. It can be seen from Jane Boleyn’s
statements about Anne when she comes to England and meets the king for the first
time.
This one like a child, awkward like a child, with a child’s honest gaze and an open, friendly smile…. (53).
She is young, only twenty-four years old…. She is ignorant, but she can be taught. She is inexperienced….. (54).
She is a modest woman, an untouched girl… (86)
Anne is drawn as a woman that is less pretty than her sister Amelia and
less charming than her sister, Sybilla.
…..for the first time in my life I am not Anne-the middle daughter of Cleves: less pretty than Sybilla, less charming than Amelia-but here I am Anne, the only Anne. They have taken me to their hearts (107).
Anne has beautiful shiny hair, pleasant face, clear skin, and beautiful eyes.
Katherine Howard’s opinion reveals Anne’s physical appearance.
….. but on the other hand she has lovely hair, thick and shiny, and she has a pleasant face and good, clear skin and really quite beautiful eyes (182).
In analyzing characterization, the writer uses Murphy and Barnet theories.
Murphy (161-173) proposes nine ways to discover the character’s personality in
character’s speech, past life, reaction, direct comment, thought, conversation of
others, and mannerism.
On the discussion above, this study already discovers Anne’s personal
description. The next discussion focuses on Anne’s personality traits. To reveal
Anne’s personality traits, Barnet (712) also determines four ways to understand
the characteristics of a character. They are through what the character says, what
the characters does or acts, what others do, and the last is what other characters
say about the character. Based on these theories, the writer discovers Anne’s
personality traits, they are:
1. Responsible
A character’s speech is one of the characterization methods (Murphy 168). Similar to Murphy, Barnet (712) states that characterization can be seen
through what the character says. In the novel, when Jane Boleyn persuades Anne
to run from her marriage with the king, she refuses it. In this case, Anne does her
duty as queen of England even though she knows that become a queen is difficult.
Anne wants to be a good queen for England. Anne wants to keep her honour.
Therefore, she never escapes the marriage.
I withdraw my hands from hers “I do not want to escape,” I say simply. “This is a great honor for me and my country, and a great joy for me.” (124)
In addition, Gregory shares Anne’s responsible trait through her
thoughts about England. According to Murphy, characterization can be seen
