Pembelajaran Fisika
http://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/Gravity
ISSN: 244-515x; e-ISSN: 2528-1976 Vol. 9, No. 1, February 2023, Page 38-45
Integration of vector physics learning with the qur'an:
investigating the effect of worked example (WE) in increasing the value of spiritual character in higher education
Mitra Yadiannur1, Rahmah1*, Sulaiman2
1Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin, Indonesia
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin, Indonesia
*E-mail: [email protected]
(Received: 30 November 2022; Accepted: 15 February 2023; Published: 27 February 2023)
ABSTRACT
This study aims to measure the effectiveness of the Qur'an integrated worked example vector to increase the value of spiritual characters seen from the partial eta square in the Anava Mixed Design - General Linear Model (GLM). This type of research is quantitative research with experimental research methods.
The research design used was the Pretest-Posttest Mixed Design with the experimental group - control.
The samples used were 20 students each in both groups. The sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. The test instrument used was a spiritual character score test of 20 multiple choice questions that were validated by 3 expert judgments in the field of character education, 2 physics lecturers, 1 religion lecturer, and 4 colleagues and obtained Aiken's V score of 0.83 with the category very good.
Empirical tests were also carried out to see the level of reliability and feasibility of the item questions.
A total of 185 students were involved. The reliability result is 0.97 with a very high category and 20 questions are suitable for use based on the output of the QUEST program. The results showed that there was a significant improvement difference between the control and experimental classes, where the worked example was able to increase the value of spiritual characters with an effectiveness of 61% based on the partial eta square output in the experimental class while in the control group an effectiveness of 10 percent was obtained.
Keywords: Qur’an, spiritual character value, vector, worked example
DOI: 10.30870/gravity.v9i1.18663
INTRODUCTION
Character education is education that emphasizes one's morals or behavior. Character education is very important to improve, especially in one's spiritual character. Character means referring to one's personality (A. Kosasih, 2018) while spiritual means relating to the truth and purpose of one's life (Sejati, 2016). Other opinions say that character is a quality or mental and moral strength, character or character. individual character that distinguishes it from other individuals (Mufid, 2017). In character education it is emphasized the importance of three good characters (components of good character), namely moral knowing or knowledge of morals, moral feeling or feelings about morals and moral actions or actions. First, moral knowing, including: 1) Moral awareness, Knowing Moral Value 3) Perspective Taking 4) Moral Reasoning (Moral Thinking), 5) Decision Making and 6) Self-Knowling (personal knowledge).
The two moral feelings include: 1) Conscience, 2) Self-Esteem, 3) Empathy, 4) Loving the Good, 5) Self Control, 6) Humility . Third, moral action: 1) competence, 2) desire (will) and 3) habit (Mardhiah, Islam & Banda, 2018).
Spirituality is an expression of life that is perceived as higher, more complex or more integrated in one's view of life, and is more than sensory. One of the spiritual aspects is having a direction of purpose, which continuously increases one's wisdom and will power, attains a closer relationship with divinity and the universe, and dispels the illusion of wrong ideas emanating from the senses, feelings and thoughts (Sejati, 2016).
Shofwan (2018) revealed that there are 10 indicators in measuring the Value of Spiritual Character, namely (1) Retaining Anger; (2) Not Arrogant; (3) Gentle and Tawakkal; (4) Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Mungkar; (5) Backbiting and Tajassuss; (6) Not Envy; (7) Not Condescending Others; (8) Patience in Adversity; (9) Forgiving Others; (10) dedicated to both parents. To improve spiritual character, an appropriate learning approach is needed. The learning approach in question is to use a Worked Example (WE) learning approach.
Basically, WE is used to improve students' problem solving skills, how students are able to solve a problem they face. Based on the results of Alreshidi's research (2021) suggests that students who learn WE have the opportunity to interact with the problems given and are able to improve their learning outcomes compared to conventional learning methods.
Cognitive load theory is the basic theory of WE which was developed based on the human cognitive system. Cognitive load theory aims to minimize cognitive load on memory performance whose capacity becomes limited when processing new material, so that the cognitive system is able to work optimally (Sweller, Ayres & Kalyuga, 2011). This theory was developed based on several assumptions including: (1) memory performance has a limited capacity in terms of processing new complex information, (2) long term memory has unlimited capacity, and (3) learning means constructing knowledge through two schemes namely schema acquisition and automation scheme (Retnowati, Sugiman & Murdanu, 2015).
Renkl, Stark, Gruber, & Mandl (1998) , and Atkinson, Derry, Renkl, & Wortham (2000) explained that WE is a learning tool that provides solutions for students to learn and learning tools that are able to teach problem solving ability which consists of modeling the problem solving process in a structured domain such as physics or mathematics by presenting example problems and showing solution steps and final answers. McLaren & Isotani (2011) also say that WE is an initial tool in helping students, especially for those who have low initial abilities by
looking back at sample questions so as to reduce cognitive load and maximize initial learning.
Cognitive schemas formed during studying examples in WE can then be used to solve other problems. Implementation of WE in teaching can solve problems and make teaching more effective (Paas & Van Merrienboer, 1994), leading to better and efficient transfer performance with less investment of time and effort(Gog, Paas & Merrienboer, 2006 ), and effective in terms of learning for students and advanced students (Gog, Kester & Paas, 2011).
The Worked Example is an example of a solved problem with a detailed description of the problem solving. The Worked Example will be applied to vector material that will be integrated with the verses of the Qur'an. The vector relationship with the Qur'an has been mentioned many times, one of which is based on the QS. Ar-Rum verse 20 which means
"And among the signs of His power is that He created you from clay, then suddenly you (become) human beings who multiply."
The verse describes the cycle of the beginning of life until it develops over time. In vectors, the initial life cycle is indicated as the initial capture point (vector starting point) and its development is indicated as a directed vector journey. Jumini & Munawaroh (2018) stated that vector is something that has an orientation, and something that has an orientation is human.
Indeed, humans are like a vector that begins and ends. Like when praying, there is a movement from beginning to end and this is related to the Qur'an. In this study, in addition to measuring the increase in spiritual character, the development of an integrated Qur'an-based problem solving vector item was also carried out which was able to measure the increase in the value of spiritual character with the Worked Example approach.
RESEARCH METHODS
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Qur'an integrated worked example vector in increasing the value of spiritual characters based on Partial eta Square from the output of General Linear Model Analysis.
The method used in this research is experimental research. The design used is the Pretest- Posttest Mixed Design which can be seen in Table 1
Table 1. Research Design
Group Pretest Perlakuan Posttest
Experiment Y1 X1 Y1
Control 1 X2
Control 2 (follow)
X3
Y1 : Spiritual Character Value
X1 : Vector integrated Qur'an with Worked Example Approach X2 : vector integrated Qur'an with conventional learning approach X3 : vector without integrating with the Qur'an
The population in this study were all students of the Mechanical Engineering Department at the Banjarmasin State Polytechnic in the academic year 2022/2023. wherein using cluster
random sampling as the sampling technique, which is a random sample selection based on existing classes rather than based on individuals (Fraenkel, 2012). The samples taken in this study were 20 students majoring in mechanical engineering, both in the experimental class and in the control class. The data analysis technique used is the Anava Mixed Design analysis on the General Linear Model (GLM) because it combines two sub-analyses, namely Within Subject Test and Between Subject Test. Prior to the GLM test, a prerequisite test was carried out consisting of a normality test and a homogeneity test. Normality test is used to determine whether the data obtained is normally distributed or not. The level of significance in this study is 5%. Homogeneity test was conducted to determine whether the sample came from a controlled population or not. The homogeneity test was carried out by using the Box's-M test (Levene.Test). After the Normality Test and Homogeneity Test are met then proceed with the Anava Mixed Design Test on GLM.
The data collection instrument in this study was an instrument for testing the value of spiritual character vectors integrated with the Qur'an. The spiritual character test instrument consists of 20 multiple choice questions that have been validated by 3 expert judgments (3 lecturers who are experts in character education), 2 physics lecturers, 1 religion lecturer, and 4 colleagues. Validation results that have been obtained by experts and colleagues were then analyzed using Aiken's V (saifuddin azwar, 2012) and obtained Aiken's V value of 0.83 with a very good category. After being validated, the spiritual character value test instrument was then tested for reliability and the feasibility of the number of fit questions using the QUEST program.
The sample used in this test was 185 students consisting of 90 students of the Banjarmasin State Polytechnic and 95 students of the Darussalam Islamic Institute. The results obtained are that the reliability value of the items is 0.97 with very good criteria and 20 items are fit and are suitable to be used to measure the increase in the value of spiritual character (see Fiqure 1) (Bambang & Pujiyati, 2011).
Figure 1. QUEST Output, Eligibility Results of 20 Multiple Choice Question Items
An example of a Spiritual Character Value Test Instrument on the Integrated Vector Topic of the Qur'an can be seen in figure 2.
Figure 2. An example of a Spiritual Character Value Test Instrument
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The data from the pretest and posttest results of spiritual character values can be seen in Table 2.
Table 2. Descriptive data of spiritual character values
Component Group Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
Pretest Experiment 6.00 11.00 8.40 1.56
Control 5.00 12.00 8.95 2.11
Posttest Experiment 10.00 18.00 12.75 2.22
Control 7.00 14.00 10.10 1.89
Based on Table 2, it can be seen that the average score of the experimental class and the control class is different (𝑋̅𝐶 = 8.40, 𝑋̅𝐸 = 8.95) with 𝑆̅𝐶 = 2.11, 𝑆̅𝐸 = 1.56. On the other hand, in the posttest, the mean scores for the experimental class and the control class were 𝑋̅𝐶 = 10.10, 𝑋̅𝐸 = 12.75 with 𝑆̅𝐶 = 1.89 , 𝑆̅𝐸 = 2.22. The value of the standard deviation in the two classes shows variations in the increase in spiritual character values, meaning that there are subjects who experience a small increase and there are subjects who experience a large increase.
Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using GLM Mixed Design. Before being analyzed with the GLM mixed design, first the data obtained were tested for normality with Shapiro-Wilk and homogeneity test with Levene's Test at a significance level of 5%. The results of the normality test of the spiritual character value data can be seen in Table 3.
Table 3. Results of Data Normality Test
Component Group
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df sig
Pretest Experiment 0.928 20 0.142
Control 0.943 20 0.278
Postest Experiment 0.931 20 0.160
Control 0.950 20 0.368
Based on Table 3, we find that the sig value in both groups is greater than 0.05 (p>0.05), so it can be concluded that the data is normally distributed. The results of the data homogeneity test based on Levene's test can be seen in Table 4.
Table 4. Results of Data Homogeneity Test
Component Levene Statistic Sig
Pretest 1.912 0.175
Postest 0.655 0.423
Based on Table 4, the results obtained that the sig in both groups was p>0.05 which indicated that the data variance of the two groups was the same. If the data has been declared normal and homogeneous, then the next analysis is using GLM mixed design. The purpose of using the mixed design GLM test is to test two hypotheses, namely (1) the hypothesis to determine the interaction between the pretest-posttest and the experimental-control group, (2) the hypothesis to determine the significance of the change in the pretest-posttest score with the experimental-control group at a significance level of 5 %.
To find out the interaction between the pretest-posttest and the experimental-control group, we can see it in the results of the Test of within-Subjects Effect data output on the Anava mixed design which is shown in Table 5.
Table 5. Test of Within-Subjects Effect
Source
Type III Sum of Squares
Df Mean
Square F Sig
Partial Eta Squared time*group Greenh
ouse- Geisser
51.200 1.000 51.200 16.27 4
0.00 0.300
Based on Table 5 the value of sig < 0.05 which indicates that there is an interaction between time (pretest-posttest) and group (experiment-control). This interaction indicates that the changes in the pretest-posttest scores in the two groups are significantly different.
Meanwhile, to determine the significance of the change in pretest-posttest scores with the experimental-control group, we can see it in the results of the Pairwise Comparison data output
on the Anova mixed design which is shown in Table 6.
Table 6. Pairwise Comparison
Group (I) time
(J) time
Mean Difference
(I-J)
Std.
Error Sig
95% Confidence Interval for
Difference Lower
Bound
Upper Bound Control Pretest Postest -1.150 0.561 0.047 -2.285 -0.015 Postest Pretest 1.150 0.561 0.047 0.015 2.285 Experiment Pretest Postest -4.350 0.561 0.000 -5.485 -3.215
Postest Pretest 4.350 0.561 0.000 3.215 5.485
In Table 6, it is found that the value of sig < 0.05 which indicates that the change in the pretest-posttest score in the experimental group is significant (MD = -4.350, p < 0.05) as well as in the control group (MD = -1.150, p < 0.05). This change in score shows that the Qur'an integrated worked example vector is able to increase the value of spiritual character. The amount of effectiveness given by the Qur'an Integrated Work Example Vector in increasing the Spiritual Character Value can be seen in the Multivariate Tests output results in the Partial Eta Squared section which is shown in Table 7.
Table 7. Multivariate Test Results
Group Value F Hypothesis df
Error df Sig
Partial Eta Squared Experiment Wilk’S
Lambda 0.387 60.147 1.000 38.000 0.000 0.613 Control Wilk’S
Lambda 0.900 4.204 1.000 38.000 0.047 0.100
Table 7 shows that the magnitude of the effectiveness given by the Qur'an integrated Work example vector is 0.613 or 61.3%. The interaction that appears between the experimental- control group can be seen in the Estimated Marginal Means output graph on the GLM mixed Design output shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Graph of Estimated Marginal Means Output in GLM Mixed Design
Figure 3 shows that the increase in Spiritual Character Value in the experimental group is greater than in the control group. The graph also shows that there is an interaction between the experimental group and the control group. The occurrence of the interaction indicates the influence of the control group on the experimental group and the experimental group on the control group.
CONCLUSION
The Qur'an Integrated Vector Worked Example can increase the Spiritual Character Value as evidenced by the Partial Eta Square output in the GLM Mixed Design which is 61.3%
greater than the control class with a value of 10 percent. This research also proves that the application of learning with Worked examples is not only able to improve problem solving abilities but also able to increase character values in this case spiritual character
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to thank Pusta Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (P3M) Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin for funding this work.
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