LAMPIRAN A Coding Program dengan software MATLAB 7.11.0 (R2010b) Analisis Reduksi Peak to Average Power Ratio pada Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) dengan teknik Konstelasi Hadamard Modulasi QPSK

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Lampiran A Halaman 1 dari 4

LAMPIRAN A

Coding Program dengan software MATLAB 7.11.0 (R2010b) Analisis Reduksi Peak to

Average Power Ratio pada Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

dengan teknik Konstelasi Hadamard Modulasi QPSK

clc

clear all close all

%% Parameters OFDM

% QPSK Modulation = 4QAM constellation Bit = input('Bit = '); %Data Masukan Line=8;

Fc = 4e9; % Frekuensi Carrier(Hz) c = 3e8; % m/s

fs = 30e3; tsamp = 1/(fs); %% Transmitter

% Membangkitkan Data Bit Secara Acak gen_data = randint(1,Bit);

% Serial To Parallel Converter S2P = reshape(gen_data,Line,[]); [a b] = size(S2P);

% Modulasi QPSK N = Bit/Line;

hModulator = comm.QPSKModulator('BitInput', true); hModulator.PhaseOffset = pi/4;

for x = 1:N;

mod(:,x) = step(hModulator,S2P(:,x)); %QPSK Modulation end

% IFFT

ifft_func = abs(ifft(mod)); % Cyclic Prefix

Ncp = 2; %Number of cyclic prefix

add_CP=[ifft_func(:,end-Ncp+1:end) ifft_func]; % Parallel to Serial Converter

P2S=reshape(add_CP,1,[]); [rows_P2S cols_P2S]=size(P2S); len_ofdm_data = rows_P2S*cols_P2S;

% Actual OFDM signal to be transmitted ofdm_signal = reshape(P2S, 1, len_ofdm_data); figure(1)

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Lampiran A Halaman 2 dari 4

title('OFDM Signal');grid on;

unused=zeros(1,12); pilot=ones(1,4);

s=[-1-j -1+j 1-j 1+j]; % QPSK randn('state', 12345);

for i=1:4096 % Menghasilkan simbol 4096 OFDM data1=s(randsrc(1,48,2:4));

ofdm_symbol1(i,:)=[data1(1:10) pilot(1) data1(11:20) pilot(2) data1(21:30) pilot(3) data1(31:40) pilot(4) data1(41:48) unused]; end

%save ofdm_4096.mat ofdm_symbol %load ofdm_4096.mat

NN=4096;

N=64; % Jumlah subbands L=4; % oversampling factor for i=1:NN

% Hitung papr dari original ofdm

time_domain_signal1=abs(ifft([ofdm_symbol1(i,1:32) zeros(1,(L-1)*N) ofdm_symbol1(i,33:64)]));

mean1=mean(abs(time_domain_signal1).^2); peak1=max(abs(time_domain_signal1).^2); papr1(i)=10*log10(peak1/mean1);

end

figure(2)

[cy,cx]=ccdf(papr1,0.1); semilogy(cx,cy)

grid on

xlabel('PAPR0(dB)');

ylabel('CCDF(P[PAPR>PAPR0)'); legend('Original')

%% Transmitter

for x = 1:N;

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Lampiran A Halaman 3 dari 4

P(N)=60;

row_index=P(N);

modH=row_index*mod*lenght; % IFFT

ifft_func = abs(ifft(modH)); % Cyclic Prefix

add_CP=[ifft_func(:,end-Ncp+1:end) ifft_func]; % Parallel To Serial Converter

plot(real(ofdm_signal)); xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Amplitude'); title('OFDM Signal');grid on;

for i=1:4096 % Menghasilkan simbol 4096 OFDM data=s(randsrc(1,48,1:4));

ofdm_symbol(i,:)=[data(1:10) pilot(1) data(11:20) pilot(2) data(21:30) pilot(3) data(31:40) pilot(4) data(41:48) unused]; end

NN=4096;

time_domain_signal=abs(ifft([ofdm_symbol(i,1:32) zeros(1,(L-1)*N) ofdm_symbol(i,33:64)]));

meano=mean(abs(time_domain_signal).^2); peako=max(abs(time_domain_signal).^2); papro(i)=10*log10(peako/meano);

end

figure(12)

[cy,cx]=ccdf(papro,0.1); semilogy(cx,cy,'g') grid on

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Lampiran A Halaman 4 dari 4

% Buat Grafik CCDF

figure(13)

hold on

title('QPSK Modulation'); xlabel('PAPR0(dB)');

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Lampiran B Halaman 1 dari 4

LAMPIRAN B

Coding Program dengan software MATLAB 7.11.0 (R2010b) Analisis Reduksi Peak to

Average Power Ratio pada Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

dengan teknik Konstelasi Hadamard Modulasi 16QAM

clc

clear all close all

%% Parameters OFDM

% QPSK Modulation = 4QAM constellation Bit = input('Bit = '); %Data Masukan Line=8;

Fc = 4e9; % Frekuensi Carrier(Hz) c = 3e8; % m/s

fs = 30e3; tsamp = 1/(fs);

%% Transmitter

% Serial To Parallel Converter N = Bit/Line;

S2P = reshape(gen_data,Line/2,[]); [a b] = size(S2P);

% Modulasi 16-QAM

dec = bi2de(S2P','left-msb'); M = 16;

hMod = modem.qammod(M); mod = modulate(hMod,dec); mod = reshape(mod,Line,[]);

% IFFT

ifft_func = abs(ifft(mod)); % Cyclic Prefix

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Lampiran B Halaman 2 dari 4

unused=zeros(1,12);

pilot=ones(1,4);

s=[-1-j -1+j 1-j 1+j ,-1-3j -1+3j 1-3j 1+3j,-3-j -3+j 3-j 3+j,-3-3j -3+3j 3-3j 3+3j]; % 16QAM

randn('state', 12345);

for i=1:4096 % Menghasilkan simbol 4096 OFDM data1=s(randsrc(1,48,2:4));

ofdm_symbol1(i,:)=[data1(1:10) pilot(1) data1(11:20) pilot(2) data1(21:30) pilot(3) data1(31:40) pilot(4) data1(41:48) unused]; end

NN=4096;

mean1=mean(abs(time_domain_signal1).^2); peak1=max(abs(time_domain_signal1).^2); papr1(i)=10*log10(peak1/mean1);

end

figure(6)

grid on

ylabel('CCDF(P[PAPR>PAPR0)'); legend('Original')

%% Transmitter

% Modulasi 16QAM

% Serial To Parallel Converter N = Bit/Line;

% Modulasi 16-QAM

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Lampiran B Halaman 3 dari 4

lenght=64;

P(N)=60;

row_index=P(N);

modH=row_index*mod*lenght;

% IFFT

ifft_func = abs(ifft(modH)); % Cyclic Prefix

plot(real(ofdm_signal)); xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Amplitude'); title('OFDM Signal');grid on;

for i=1:4096 % Menghasilkan simbol 4096 OFDM data=s(randsrc(1,48,1:4));

ofdm_symbol(i,:)=[data(1:10) pilot(1) data(11:20) pilot(2) data(21:30) pilot(3) data(31:40) pilot(4) data(41:48) unused]; end

NN=4096;

end

figure(12)

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Lampiran B Halaman 4 dari 4

ylabel('CCDF(P[PAPR>PAPR0)');

legend('Hadamard')

% Buat Grafik CCDF figure(13)

hold on

title('16-QAM Modulation'); xlabel('PAPR0(dB)');

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Lampiran G Halaman 1 dari 3

LAMPIRAN G

Coding Program dengan software MATLAB 7.11.0 (R2010b) Analisis Reduksi Peak to

Average Power Ratio pada Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

clc

clear all close all

%% Initializing Parameters

% QPSK Modulation = 4QAM constellation % 16QAM Modulation = 16QAM constellation Bit = input('bit = '); %Data Masukan

mod_type = input('Enter the modulation type[1 for QPSK,2 for 16QAM]: ');

Line = 8; %Jumlah Baris

Fc = 4e9; % Frekuensi Carrier (Hz) c = 3e8; % m/s

fs = 30e3; tsamp = 1/(fs);

%% Transmitter

figure(1), stairs(gen_data);

title('Membangkitkan Data Bit Secara Acak'); axis([-0.5 Bit -0.5 1.5]);

xlabel('Data Bit'); ylabel('Amplitude'); % Modulasi QPSK & 16QAM

nc = [4;16]; % 4=(4QAM = QPSK) ; 16=16QAM mode = nc(mod_type);

switch mode case 4

% Serial To Parallel Converter S2P = reshape(gen_data,Line,[]); [a b]= size(S2P);

figure(2);

subplot(411);stairs(S2P(1,:)); axis([-0.5 b -0.5 1.5]);title('Serial to Parallel Converter');xlabel('Data Bit');ylabel('Amplitude');

subplot(412);stairs(S2P(2,:)); axis([-0.5 b -0.5 1.5]);xlabel('Data Bit');ylabel('Amplitude');

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Lampiran G Halaman 2 dari 3

for x = 1:N;

mod(:,x)=step(hModulator,S2P(:,x)); %QPSK Modulation end

figure(3), plot(mod,'bo');

title('Constellation Modulation QPSK'); grid off;

axis([-2 2 -2 2]); xlabel('In-Phase'); ylabel('Quadrature'); case 16

% Serial To Parallel Converter S2P = reshape(gen_data,Line/2,[]); [a b]= size(S2P);

figure(2);

subplot(411);stairs(S2P(1,:)); axis([-0.5 b -0.5 1.5]);title('Serial to Parallel Converter');xlabel('Data Bit');ylabel('Amplitude');

% Modulasi 16-QAM

hMod = modem.qammod(M); mod = modulate(hMod,dec); figure(3), plot(mod,'bo');

title('Constellation Modulation 16-QAM'); grid off;

axis([-4 4 -4 4]); xlabel('In-Phase'); ylabel('Quadrature');

mod = reshape(mod,Line,[]); end

% IFFT

ifft_func = ifft(mod);

figure(4), plot(ifft_func, 'ro'); title('IFFT Function');

grid off;

axis([-4 4 -4 4]); xlabel('In-Phase'); ylabel('Quadrature');

% Cyclic Prefix

add_CP=[ifft_func(:,end-Ncp+1:end) ifft_func];

% 4. Convert to serial stream for transmission P2S=reshape(add_CP,1,[]);

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Lampiran G Halaman 3 dari 3

len_ofdm_data = rows_add_CP*cols_add_CP;

figure(5), stairs(P2S)

title('Parallel to Serial Converter') axis([0 b -3 3]);

xlabel('Data Bit'); ylabel('Amplitude');

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Lampiran C Halaman 1 dari 3

LAMPIRAN C

Coding Program dengan software MATLAB 7.11.0 (R2010b) Analisis Reduksi Peak to

Average Power Ratio pada Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

dengan teknik PTS Modulasi QPSK

clc

clear all close all

% QPSK Modulation = 4QAM constellation % 16QAM Modulation = 16QAM constellation Bit = input('bit = '); %Data Masukan Line = 8; %Jumlah Baris

Fc = 4e9; %Frekuensi Carrier(Hz) c = 3e8; %m/s

v = 3; %Kecepatan Penerima(km/jam) fs = 30e3;

tsamp = 1/(fs);

%% Transmitter

for x = 1:N;

%% PTS V=4;

for i=1:4096 % Menghasilkan simbol 4096 OFDM

data=s(randsrc(1,48,1:4));

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Lampiran C Halaman 2 dari 3

end

%save ofdm_4096.mat ofdm_symbol

% Semua permutasi fasa faktor B p=[1 -1 j -j]; % Faktor fasa mungkin B=[];

for b1=1:4 for b2=1:4 for b3=1:4 for b4=1:4

B=[B; [p(b1) p(b2) p(b3) p(b4)]]; % Semua kemungkinan kombinasi end

end end end

%load ofdm_4096.mat NN=4096;

% Partisi Simbol OFDM

P1=[ofdm_symbol(i,1:16) zeros(1,48)];

P2=[zeros(1,16) ofdm_symbol(i,17:32) zeros(1,32)]; P3=[zeros(1,32) ofdm_symbol(i,33:48) zeros(1,16)]; P4=[zeros(1,48) ofdm_symbol(i,49:64)];

% Ubah Pi ke Domain Waktu

Pt1=abs(ifft([P1(1:32) zeros(1,(L-1)*N) P1(33:64)])); Pt2=abs(ifft([P2(1:32) zeros(1,(L-1)*N) P2(33:64)])); Pt3=abs(ifft([P3(1:32) zeros(1,(L-1)*N) P3(33:64)])); Pt4=abs(ifft([P4(1:32) zeros(1,(L-1)*N) P4(33:64)]));

% Gabungkan dalam Time Domain dan temukan papr_min papr_min(i)=papro(i);

for k=1:16 % 16 adalah jumlah kombinasi faktor fase yang mungkin terjadi

final_signal=B(k,1)*Pt1+B(k,2)*Pt2+B(k,3)*Pt3+B(k,4)*Pt4; meank=mean(abs(final_signal).^2); %daya rata-rata

peak=max(abs(final_signal).^2); %daya puncak papr=10*log10(peak/meank);

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Lampiran C Halaman 3 dari 3

sig=final_signal;

end end

end

% Plot CCDF dari sistem asli dan pts [cy,cx]=ccdf(papro,0.1);

semilogy(cx,cy) hold on

[cy,cx]=ccdf(papr_min,0.1); semilogy(cx,cy,'r')

grid on

title('V=4 Modulasi QPSK'); xlabel('PAPR0(dB)');

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Lampiran D Halaman 1 dari 3

LAMPIRAN D

Coding Program dengan software MATLAB 7.11.0 (R2010b) Analisis Reduksi Peak to

Average Power Ratio pada Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

dengan teknik PTS Modulasi 16QAM

clc

clear all close all

% QPSK Modulation = 4QAM constellation % 16QAM Modulation = 16QAM constellation

Bit = input('bit = '); %Data Masukan

Line = 8; %Jumlah Baris

Fc = 4e9; %Frekuensi Carrier(Hz)

c = 3e8; %m/s

v = 3; %Kecepatan Penerima(km/jam)

fs = 30e3; tsamp = 1/(fs);

%% Transmitter

% Membangkitkan Data Bit Secara Acak

gen_data = randint(1,Bit);

% Serial To Parallel Converter

% Modulasi 16-QAM

%% PTS

V=4;

s1=[-1-j -1+j 1-j 1+j ,-1-3j -1+3j 1-3j 1+3j,-3-j -3+j 3-j 3+j,-3-3j -3+3j 3-3j 3+3j]; % 16QAM

data1=s1(randsrc(1,48,1:4));

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Lampiran D Halaman 2 dari 3

end

%save ofdm_4096.mat ofdm_symbol

% Semua permutasi fasa faktor B

p=[1 -1 j -j]; % Faktor fasa mungkin

B=[];

for b1=1:4

for b2=1:4

for b3=1:4

for b4=1:4

B=[B; [p(b1) p(b2) p(b3) p(b4)]]; % Semua kemungkinan kombinasi end

end end end

%load ofdm_4096.mat

NN=4096;

N=64; % Jumlah subbands

L=4; % oversampling factor for i=1:NN

meano=mean(abs(time_domain_signal1).^2); peako=max(abs(time_domain_signal1).^2); papro(i)=10*log10(peako/meano);

% Partisi Simbol OFDM

P11=[ofdm_symbol1(i,1:16) zeros(1,48)];

P22=[zeros(1,16) ofdm_symbol1(i,17:32) zeros(1,32)]; P33=[zeros(1,32) ofdm_symbol1(i,33:48) zeros(1,16)]; P44=[zeros(1,48) ofdm_symbol1(i,49:64)];

% Ubah Pi ke Domain Waktu

Pt11=abs(ifft([P11(1:32) zeros(1,(L-1)*N) P11(33:64)])); Pt22=abs(ifft([P22(1:32) zeros(1,(L-1)*N) P22(33:64)])); Pt33=abs(ifft([P33(1:32) zeros(1,(L-1)*N) P33(33:64)])); Pt44=abs(ifft([P44(1:32) zeros(1,(L-1)*N) P44(33:64)]));

% Gabungkan dalam Time Domain dan temukan papr_min

papr_min(i)=papro(i);

for k=1:16 % 16 adalah jumlah kombinasi faktor fase yang mungkin terjadi

final_signal=B(k,1)*Pt11+B(k,2)*Pt22+B(k,3)*Pt33+B(k,4)*Pt44; meank=mean(abs(final_signal).^2); %daya rata-rata

peak=max(abs(final_signal).^2); %daya puncak

papr=10*log10(peak/meank);

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Lampiran D Halaman 3 dari 3

sig=final_signal;

end end

end

% Plot CCDF dari sistem asli dan pts

[cy,cx]=ccdf(papro,0.1); semilogy(cx,cy)

hold on

[cy,cx]=ccdf(papr_min,0.1); semilogy(cx,cy,'r')

grid on

title('V=4 Modulasi 16QAM'); xlabel('PAPR0(dB)');

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Lampiran E Halaman 1 dari 4

LAMPIRAN E

Coding Program dengan software MATLAB 7.11.0 (R2010b) Analisis Reduksi Peak to

Average Power Ratio pada Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

dengan teknik Clipping Modulasi QPSK

clc

clear all

close all

%% Parameters OFDM

% QPSK Modulation = 4QAM constellation

Bit = input('Bit = '); %Data Masukan

Line=8;

Fc = 4e9; % Frekuensi Carrier(Hz)

c = 3e8; % m/s

fs = 30e3; tsamp = 1/(fs);

%% Transmitter

S2P = reshape(gen_data,Line,[]); [a b] = size(S2P);

% Modulasi QPSK

N = Bit/Line;

for x = 1:N;

% IFFT

ifft_func = abs(ifft(mod));

% Cyclic Prefix

% Parallel To Serial Converter

% Actual OFDM signal to be transmitted

ofdm_signal = reshape(P2S, 1, len_ofdm_data); figure(3)

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Lampiran E Halaman 2 dari 4

unused=zeros(1,12);

pilot=ones(1,4);

s=[-1-j -1+j 1-j 1+j]; % QPSK

data2=s(randsrc(1,48,3:4));

ofdm_symbol2(i,:)=[data2(1:10) pilot(1) data2(11:20) pilot(2) data2(21:30) pilot(3) data2(31:40) pilot(4) data2(41:48) unused];

end

NN=4096;

mean2=mean(abs(time_domain_signal2).^2); semilogy(cx,cy,'r'); grid on

ylabel('CCDF(P[PAPR>PAPR0)'); legend('Clipping original')

%% Clipping Reduction % Clipping CR=0.8

sigout1= add_CP (1,:); jum_sigout1=sum(sigout1); avg1=jum_sigout1/512;

% Hitung standar deviasi

krg1=sigout1-avg1; pkt1=krg1.^2; bgi1=pkt1./512;

dev1=sqrt(sum(bgi1));

% Mencari Clipping Level

CR1=0.8; A1=CR1*dev1;

clipped=ofdm_signal;

for i=1:length(clipped)

if clipped(i) > A1 clipped(i) = A1;

end

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Lampiran E Halaman 3 dari 4

clipped(i) = -A1;

end end

figure(7)

plot(real(clipped)); xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Amplitude'); title('clipped Signal 1');grid on;

ofdm_symbol(i,:)=[data(1:10) pilot(1) data(11:20) pilot(2) data(21:30) pilot(3) data(31:40) pilot(4) data(41:48) unused];

end

NN=4096;

meano=mean(abs(time_domain_signal).^2); semilogy(cx,cy,'g'); grid on

ylabel('CCDF(P[PAPR>PAPR0)'); legend('Clipping 1')

% Clipping CR=2

sigout2=add_CP(1,:); jum_sigout2=sum(sigout2); avg2=jum_sigout2/512;

% Hitung clipping level

CR2=2;

A2=CR2*dev2;

clipped1=ofdm_signal;

for i=1:length(clipped1)

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Lampiran E Halaman 4 dari 4

end

if clipped1(i) < -A2 clipped1(i) = -A2;

end end

figure(9)

plot(real(clipped1)); xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Amplitude'); title('clipped Signal 2');grid on;

end

NN=4096;

mean1=mean(abs(time_domain_signal1).^2); semilogy(cx,cy,'C') grid on

ylabel('CCDF(P[PAPR>PAPR0)'); legend('Clipping Original')

% Plot CCDF dari sistem asli dan clipping

figure(11)

[cy,cx]=ccdf(papr2,0.1); semilogy(cx,cy,'r') hold on

[cy,cx]=ccdf(papro,0.1); semilogy(cx,cy,'g') hold on

[cy,cx]=ccdf(papr1,0.1); semilogy(cx,cy,'C') grid on

title('Clipping Reduction with QPSK'); xlabel('PAPR0(dB)');

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Lampiran F Halaman 1 dari 4

LAMPIRAN F

Coding Program dengan software MATLAB 7.11.0 (R2010b) Analisis Reduksi Peak to

Average Power Ratio pada Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

dengan teknik Clipping Modulasi 16QAM

clc

clear all

close all

%% Parameters OFDM

% QPSK Modulation = 4QAM constellation

Bit = input('Bit = '); %Data Masukan

Line=8;

Fc = 4e9; % Frekuensi Carrier(Hz)

c = 3e8; % m/s

fs = 30e3; tsamp = 1/(fs);

%% Transmitter

% Modulasi 16QAM

N = Bit/Line;

% Modulasi 16-QAM

% IFFT

ifft_func = abs(ifft(mod));

% Cyclic Prefix

% Parallel To Serial Converter

% Actual OFDM signal to be transmitted

ofdm_signal = reshape(P2S, 1, len_ofdm_data); figure(3)

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Lampiran F Halaman 2 dari 4

end

NN=4096;

mean2=mean(abs(time_domain_signal2).^2); semilogy(cx,cy,'r'); grid on

ylabel('CCDF(P[PAPR>PAPR0)'); legend('Clipping original')

%% Clipping Reduction % Clipping CR=0.8

sigout1= add_CP (1,:); jum_sigout1=sum(sigout1); avg1=jum_sigout1/512;

% Mencari Clipping Level

CR1=0.8; A1=CR1*dev1;

clipped=ofdm_signal;

for i=1:length(clipped)

if clipped(i) > A1 clipped(i) = A1;

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Lampiran F Halaman 3 dari 4

if clipped(i) < -A1

clipped(i) = -A1;

end end

figure(7)

plot(real(clipped)); xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Amplitude'); title('clipped Signal 1');grid on;

ofdm_symbol(i,:)=[data(1:10) pilot(1) data(11:20) pilot(2) data(21:30) pilot(3) data(31:40) pilot(4) data(41:48) unused];

end

NN=4096;

meano=mean(abs(time_domain_signal).^2); semilogy(cx,cy,'g'); grid on

ylabel('CCDF(P[PAPR>PAPR0)'); legend('Clipping 1')

% Clipping CR=2

sigout2=add_CP(1,:); jum_sigout2=sum(sigout2); avg2=jum_sigout2/512;

% Hitung clipping level

CR2=2;

A2=CR2*dev2;

clipped1=ofdm_signal;

for i=1:length(clipped1)

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Lampiran F Halaman 4 dari 4

clipped1(i) = A2;

end

if clipped1(i) < -A2 clipped1(i) = -A2;

end end

figure(9)

plot(real(clipped1)); xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Amplitude'); title('clipped Signal 2');grid on;

end

NN=4096;

mean1=mean(abs(time_domain_signal1).^2); semilogy(cx,cy,'C') grid on

ylabel('CCDF(P[PAPR>PAPR0)'); legend('Clipping Original')

% Plot CCDF dari sistem asli dan clipping

figure(11)

[cy,cx]=ccdf(papr2,0.1); semilogy(cx,cy,'r') hold on

[cy,cx]=ccdf(papro,0.1); semilogy(cx,cy,'g') hold on

[cy,cx]=ccdf(papr1,0.1); semilogy(cx,cy,'C') grid on

title('Clipping Reduction with 16-QAM'); xlabel('PAPR0(dB)');