A Study of The Differences of Request Strategies Applied by Male and
Female Speakers:
A Case Study of Customers at
Rasamala
Traditional Market
A THESIS
By:
J. Marina Sindy V.
Student Number: 10.80.0036
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME
FACULTY LANGUAGE AND ARTS
SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
SEMARANG
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A Study of The Differences of Request Strategies Applied by Male and
Female Speakers:
A Case Study of Customers at
Rasamala
Traditional Market
A Thesis Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement to Obtain the
Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Letters Study Programme
By:
J. Marina Sindy V. Student Number: 10.80.0036
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS
SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
SEMARANG
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A THESIS ON
A Study of The Differences of Request Strategies Applied by Male and
Female Speakers:
A Case Study of Customers at
Rasamala
Traditional Market
By:
J. Marina Sindy V. Student Number: 10.80.0036
Approved by,
Emilia Ninik Aydawati, SP., M.Hum July 16, 2014
Major Sponsor
Cecilia Titiek Murniati, Ph.D July 16, 2014
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A thesis defended in front of the Board of Examiners on July 16, 2014 and declared acceptable
BOARD OF EXAMINERS
Chairperson : Emilia Ninik Aydawati, SP., M.Hum _______________
Secretary : Cecilia Titiek Murniati, Ph.D _______________
Member : Antonius Suratno, Ph.D _______________
Semarang, July 16, 2014 Faculty of Letters
Soegijapranata Catholic University Dean,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Above all, I want to express my gratitude to Jesus Christ who always gives me strength, His blessing and guidance. I would also like to express my sincerest gratitude for those who helped me in accomplishing this thesis:
1. Emilia Ninik Aydawati, SP., M.Hum as my major sponsor also who I deem as my own mother and Cecilia Titiek Murniati, Ph.D as my co-sponsor. It would be impossible for me to finish this thesis without their helps and also their patience and generous assistance. In addition, I would also like to say thank you to all the teachers in the Faculty of Letters and Arts for their support, knowledge and guidance.
2. My father and mother who always support me. Thank you for your love, prayer and attention. I always proud having both of you to be my parents and I wish I could make you proud of me someday. Thank you for being my parents and also my best friends. 3. To my big family, thank you for your loves, prayers and supports. I feel lucky to be
one of members of this family. I would not able to finish this thesis without your prayers.
4. I am also indebted to Ch. Narotama Adhitio who allowed me to borrow his computer to do this thesis until finished. Thank you for your support, kindness, and attention. Thank you for being my best friend. This thesis would never accomplish without your helps.
5. To all my friends who in the class of 2010 and 2009. Thank you for joy and fun that we had. Thank you for your support during I did this thesis.
Finally, I hope that this thesis would be useful for the readers.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF TITLE ... i
A THESIS APPROVAL ... ii
BOARD OF EXAMINERS ... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... v
LISTS OF TABLES ... x
ABSTRACT ... xi
ABSTRAK... xii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1Background of The Study ... 2
1.2Field of The Study ... 2
1.3Scope of The Study ... 2
1.4Research Question ... 2
1.5The Objective of The Study ... 3
1.6Significance of The Study ... 3
1.7Definition of Terms ... 3
1.7.1 Speech Act ... 3
1.7.2 Request ... 4
1.7.3 Traditional Market ... 4
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 5
2.1Previous Study ... 5
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2.3Speech Act... 6
2.4Three related acts ... 6
2.4.1 Locutionary act ... 7
2.4.2 Illocutionary act ... 7
2.4.3 Perlocutionary act... 8
2.5Five Types of Speech Acts ... 8
2.5.1 Representatives ... 8
2.5.1.1Statement of act ... 9
2.5.1.2Assertions ... 9
2.5.1.3Conclusions ... 9
2.5.1.4Description ... 10
2.5.2 Directives ... 10
2.5.2.1Command ... 10
2.5.2.2Order ... 11
2.5.2.3Request ... 11
2.5.2.4Suggestion ... 11
2.5.3 Commissives ... 11
2.5.3.1Promises ... 12
2.5.3.2Threats... 12
2.5.3.3Refusals ... 12
2.5.3.4Pledges ... 12
2.5.4 Declarations ... 13
2.5.5 Expressive ... 13
2.5.5.1Statement of pleasure ... 13
vii
2.5.5.3Statement of like ... 14
2.5.5.4Statement of dislike ... 14
2.5.5.5Statement of joy ... 14
2.5.5.6Statement of sorrow ... 15
2.6Request ... 15
2.7Blum-Kulka Theory of Request Strategy... 16
2.7.1 Imperative ... 16
2.7.2 Performative... 16
2.7.3 Hedge Performative... 16
2.7.4 Obligation Statement ... 17
2.7.5 Want Statement ... 17
2.7.6 Suggestory Formula ... 17
2.7.7 Preparatory ... 17
2.7.8 Hints ... 18
2.8Blum-kulka and Olshtain’ Request Strategy Type ... 18
2.8.1 Mood derivable ... 18
2.8.2 Explicit performatives ... 18
2.8.3 Hedge performative ... 19
2.8.4 Locution derivable ... 19
2.8.5 Scope stating ... 19
2.8.6 Language specific suggestory formula ... 19
2.8.7 Reference to preparatory conditions ... 19
2.8.8 Strong hints ... 19
2.8.9 Mid hints ... 20
viii
2.9.1 Contextual Style of Speech ... 20
2.9.2 Sex of Speaker ... 21
2.9.3 Age of Speaker ... 21
2.9.4 Ethnic Group of Speaker ... 21
2.9.5 Socio-economic Status of Speaker ... 22
2.10 Javanese Language ... 22
2.10.1 Ngoko... 23
2.10.2 Krama ... 23
2.10.3 KramaInggil ... 24
CHAPTER III. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS ... 25
3.1Method of Data Collection ... 25
3.2Participants ... 25
3.3Instrument ... 25
3.4Procedure... 25
3.5Data Analysis ... 26
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS ... 28
4.1Request Strategies Applied by Customers at Traditional Market ... 28
4.1.1 Male ... 28
4.1.1.1Imperative ... 29
4.1.1.2Performative ... 32
4.1.1.3Hints ... 33
4.1.1.4Other Statements ... 34
4.1.2 Female ... 38
4.1.2.1Imperative ... 38
ix
4.1.2.3Other Statements ... 43
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 47
5.1Conclusion ... 47
5.2Suggestions... 48
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LISTS OF TABLES
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ABSTRACT
In communication, if someone wants something from others, he or she will use the functional aspects of a language to express it. It means he or she should make an utterance. An utterance that can express various functions is called speech act. One of the functions of speech acts is making a request. A request can be defined as to ask for, politely or formally, or to beg someone to do something, to express the need or desire for, and to inquire for information. By requesting, someone can achieve his or her goal that he or she wanted from others. In making a request, people should use appropriate language according to five social factors. One of those factors is the sex of the speaker.
By adopting qualitative approach, this study aims to find out the differences of request strategies used male and female customers. To address the questions, the writer recorded conversations between the sellers and the customers at Rasamala traditional market in Semarang. She analyzed them based on the speech act theories. Because the customers in traditional market used Indonesian and Javanese language when they applied a request which has different structure with English, the writer was interested in analyzing whether different language structures and sex of the speakers influenced the way they made requests. The writer used Blum-Kulka’s theory to analyze the data.
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ABSTRAK
Dalam komunikasi, jika seseorang menginginkan sesuatu dari orang lain, dia akan mengungkapkannya dengan memperhatikan aspek fungsional bahasa. Itu berarti orang tersebut harus membuat ucapan. Ucapan yang mempunyai berbagai fungsi disebut tindak tutur. Salah satu fungsi tindak tutur adalah mengajukan permintaan. Permintaan dapat didefinisikan sebagai meminta dengan sopan atau formal, atau mengemis kepada seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu, untuk menyatakan kebutuhan atau keinginan, dan untuk menanyakan informasi. Dengan meminta, seseorang mendapatkan sesuatu yang inginkan dari orang lain. Dalam mengajukan permintaan, orang harus menggunakan bahasa yang tepat sesuai dengan lima factor sosial. Salah satu factor tersebuta dalah jenis kelamin.
Dengan menggunakan sistem kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan strategi yang digunakan oleh pelanggan laki-laki dan perempuan untuk mengajukan permintaan. Penulis mencatat percakapan antara penjual dan pelanggan di pasar tradisional Rasamala di Semarang. Penulis menganalisa percakapan mereka berdasarkan teori tindak tutur. Karena pelanggan di pasar tradisional menggunakan bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jawa yang memiliki struktur yang berbeda dengan bahasa Inggris ketika mereka mengajukan permintaan, penulis tertarik untuk menganalisa pengaruh struktur bahasa yang berbeda dan jenis kelamin pembicara dalam cara mereka mengajukan permintaan. Penulis menggunakan teori Blum-Kulka untuk menganalisa data.
Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menemukan bahwa pelanggan pria dan wanita lebih sering menggunakan bentuk imperative dalam mengajukan permintaan. Penulis juga menemukan bahwa strategi permintaan dalam bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Indonesia memiliki struktur khas dibandingkan dengan struktur bahasa Inggris. Ketika pelanggan mengajukan permintaan dalam bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Indonesia, mereka sering menghilangkan kata kerja, terutama ketika mereka mengungkapkan apa yang mereka inginkan. Pelanggan perempuan lebih sering menghilangkan kata kerja dalam mengajukan permintaan