- SIMAK UI

ENGLISH

TEST

Gonoral

Guidelines

lhe

Enoli6h

lert

vill !e6r you. alrllry ln lndgGrandlnq Engladh

6r,ud!Ee a.d

e.dano Extr, lt empbys

.

muhlple

choie

lomat

and

I

tak* l0

nlnut6

to do ihe

tst

ThotsstMp

*

lwo

lolo{ing

Ftu:

L

Pa.t 1:40 numb€E ot

slrudus

.n.l

Writlon

El9e.bo

2,

Pad 21 60 nunbeE

otlrodbuh.y.nd

R..dft{

Conp6h.ndd

Ytu

tuy

cho@

to h€gin

wrk

on ANY

p.n

Fq

dcll

namb€( yoo may

ont.ho@

oN€

En5w.

Oiviig

m6

tlsn

on..mmr

alll iot glvs you €ny

Forech

numbF, you

*i

lie

_l@r

p€ibre

ansr*,

hated

(A), (B) (c) aM (D).

ch.o$

lololt

_n,

..d

the. on

ydr

ansrer she€t, lind lh€ numbd of

$e

queslon rnd l0l in

h.

eprF fEl

@@ep.nd.

b

tE

letEr ol lhe

amMr wu

h4e

chosei. FiI in

tE

sp€c6 5o rhal

$e

l6i.r

h.id6

h.

cicL

c€nnol bF

34n.

o@ao

The queslions

s

given in

.

vadety ol difrcu lly levels. You sh@ld

ty

io ans@. all ol them, as

tld6

is NO PEMLTY for

lneft.l

a.$es

OiE

ron!

,or

efth

pan ol the test w lL be

giH

at th6 beginning of

eeh

p.(

ll you ind an enor in arry prinl€d it6m ot tlF re.l, _lu6t

9!s

lh6

anser

as best as you

c.n

.nd

6ntnua.

-2.0.1-sEcllo

I

STRUCTURE AIID

IIRIITEII

E)(PRESSIOII

Thb $otion is d.s gn.d to m.asuB you abilriy ic

@qntze

taiOuage

flat

ts appbpiat€ for .iandard

srilt€.

Eiglish The€ : E two l}pes of qu€.tion6 in rhis sectoi, ufth

sp..i.t

dt@toc

tor e€dr tyDe. DLEctlois: oueslions 1'15 are inohplete

enlel*

B€n4ih each

sht6i6

you

ril

*

_{talr Nrd3}

d

phEs6,

nad<ed (A), (B), (c), and (D).

chGe

_l]le

qe

Nrd

or

ph@

uat b$r

6mpr€L.

dE

ssa

Tr\€n, on you aneMr

sh..r

rlnd tne numb€r ot

lh.

que.tion and

fil

in d16

3p!€

that @@sp.rds

b dE

hn€r ot

tlo

.ns*r

you haE chosen Fill in

tE 5pE*.o tEr

die retbri.sid€ th€

@t6noth.

.g.

F4npt6t

sspLlnffi

o@ao

.,.,..a€

found in vi.tlElly every

sunty

in

fE

vdnd.

(4

swamF €nd maEh.s wnich

(B)

Wh..

sMnps

and daBhes (c)

st

mps .nd m.Eh€e

(D) Notr thal

Mmp€

snd maBh€g

Th. 36nlEn@ shou d rcad, 'Sv.mps .nd

maEh* .E

lound in vldlally .very

6unry

in ih6 mrtd

'

Theefoe,

rlu

ihourd

choo*

ans@r (c).

Milk is

pshudz€d

by h€.ting it lor lhiRy minucs

at about 63d cenug€de, Epldly

c6lhg

il

and

he.

....

it.t.

iampBii

!€

b€l6w 10. cendoEd..

oooo

(D)stqins

Th. aeniene shoold G.d, 'Mlrk E

p.at lrlad

by

hMlng

rt lor U ldy nin uhs ar Ebour 63. C.ntigEd€l Epidly

@

lng

ll

4d

*lon storing ll515 lomp6Etu6

bdry

1e C.nligFd€.'Th€..toe,

you 6hould

N@ begln

elk

on

t'.

que6nond.

1,

CaMdiai

0e@,

_

&

wams

southem eglons, hn out

scrc*

th. 6ky in an ordedy

V

(B)

6.nnualml96tlon

(0)

iheir

a.i

ual mis Edon

2.

tui.

foerb

so6laln such E potusion of plsntr

5nd €njmala

_

0Ey

ae

@dadly

Fhdhg it difcull

_

betwM

s @E€r in hw and

i.

medioin., Raha merged her

&!

inierslr

aid decided io .tudy io@nsic

orchds hare long

b&n

a pl

e

ess dpon@m6odnY

olTh.il.nd,

(A) TF.euins

erclio b.€uty

(B)

IrcasuEd ior rheir oxoic

beaut

(c)

They aG

t€.Buino

ie exotlc

beaut

(D) Thelr

*otic

bsuty

is much

teduBd

3,

Th6 b€ll€r lEined lhe dolphins.l

And

ats,

(A)

lh€y willsive a better

oedomsne

(B)

lhe@ wilrb6 a moF .njoyabr.

(C)

_lhe pe'lbm€nc. will be no@ onjoFbt

(o)

lhe moE enjoysbb

$€

p€dom.i@

5.

3. Most suc@sstul $i€nri6r6 6B theodEb

eno

@n s@ beyoid th€

bclr

and

_

aboot

ihe gene€l principlos

flar

und€di€ rh€m.

Ewry spd.g

l@l

*

rell

$

ini.ma[on.l

bun.il nek

io Keuk€nhoi Gaden in the

Nethedsnds,

_

rts

m.gnli6t,

colo.tul

Nol unul G€ndfira

Mc€4

rh.

'€m6

p.in!.r

9.

_

tom

hamluivito*

or bactoda to p@id€ immunlt io p€nicutar

di@.er.

(a)

The

pelsEtion

ot v.@lnes

(B) Thal

!@h6

a6 pl€p.Ed

(c)

\e@in6e aB pBparcd

(o) h

PePd

is

v5@ine6

10. Th6 Ebility ol

co*toys

h

tE

19F c€ntury E slEer or

bEk

a coll

cdld n€.n

of

pimiiv. .rt,

E.ched tne aqe ot 76

her un(oe depicrions of

@ryd.y

life on a

(B)

did sho b€gin lo paint

{Ntual

tor the eady

s.nbF

in rh€ wlrd

w*l,

Doriig lh6 la€l

ir

.qE, mort ot

No

h

An.d.a

€s

@6rcd

by s wsr bl.ntot ol bei

_

.ht6s.dtheE dr! firlt

at marry

pt*.

in

{Al

nr@

enomusrY hevy

F-Eht

(B)

itiea.enorM.sb

drel

(c)

iE

Gishl

or d'o

.nmoB

m.s

ot i@ (D)

ordicb

_h6

Fisht

&

eMoust

hevy

11.

pmMd6

r

liMno for hsll ot lho p.opls ln

14. A

l.F

bem

t6 t.c@ringty u6€d in

.urc.fi

gnd _in

hd6ny

_

_hishty

a@€lE

_cudnjr

B

(B)

eh6Mr

15 Aldrdgh

fto

P6.idst

ot ity€nmar had

ont

cd.e.*l\€ _doio

th€ bod€r

(4

$

rhcE

M.

sfl nghfis

(B) butrsl'

m6tln.FduD

G)

no

nE@p.

otnohhs

o@r€d

(D) fehuno

stillfa6d

up

1L

l.2004, Chana

M

@ny

_

situ r n€d.lE

.e

lhd.

m.de by

h.

lJ.S.

qj@!qg:

ln qu€siions 16-40 e.ch

s.niEne

h.s iour lnd6diied

mds

d

phles

lrle four lnder ined

prft

of rh.

s.rsn4

3ts

mft€d

(A), (B), (c), snd (D) rdenijry the _ooe uhdedin€d

md

or

ph@

u1ar must

be ch5ng€d n order tor lhe senhnce rD be

gEmm.ri*lly

6r€ct

Then, on you.

.Brer

6he!

fnd

the

numb.r of nE queslion aid

fll

in the sp€ce

itut

co@ponds lo

fie

lelter ot the ansrer yoo

h*

chosen.

SspleAnrw.r

o't@@

-

-Tr

Th.86nrEn@ should ead.

'Mead.

la.ts

ae

abool ihesame 3Ee as @bin6, butth€y haw h€avi€r

bodi€s, shod4lairs, and ronqer bins.'Th.EfoE, you should

choo*

.n$er

(B),

W!€o

ae€rrqporls exc*d j!4!9!E

a

G@ao

The seniene sho! d Ead, 'when ovoEll expo.E dceed imp.lts, a muntry is

eld

io have a Lade surpr6."therefore,

!!u

should chobse ans@r (c).

N

beo n

Mrk

on ihe quesiions.

16 R.oj*tun€-uDs

and

oilchanoesac moortanlior$eoerto'manceota€r

€ss

l*lot

F

---Er-ne$!!g!y

an66

lr

e_ 5 €rg

r.

17. Fa@d wih

@!S!e4

siig

oilpi€s

and fa[€.ind economios, Euopean Union

munld$.G

G!4[4

c

lne way in h.messind wind enersy.

1S

Sc'e.hsb

.o€e

fiat

v

i.nin

c

€n

'edLr

rF.6dsnrv

o, @ d6 but nor

pl!ye!!4jj!

€n*'4

a

-

---

_B

eE!!!3E!!1

by sEkeho dec

ql!!e

lucElive

phamaeuliGl

bosh*s.

CD

20.

ln a oollllca eleclion, lhe ooliiici8n 5 advedisefr

eil

on pdde-t me lelevisioi is a

qrlcltl

laclor

tFt

!EEI4ld4

the ourcome of th6 electio. lor

l!!

candidaie.

CD

Surur d ord6 _e9!!gEgr! in rhe

renrimes rhe

r*r

conside€d

polluled a r of Le @uilry 6 .odnem egion

9el9 by in€haiional sEndard.

2r

Bud.p€sr 6i€d on bor,t

b.nk

of rhe Danrbe

F'vd

's

hro$

for

!I!l

spas whtct^ d€w @ler

(noM

'

----

-F

T

ror

jtslgCiqjEl pbp€d$

rom

rrd€rsrcurd rh€ma .pr ns!

throughoul Asi.

ree

@mplaiiing

a!eu!

----

3

--_-philosoptty

a!!!

br

her

chrit i.

sril

is.

.-.r----a-$€

;

ficulty or

t!!!i!q

quariied biling ual job

appli€iE.

2.

fte

shipweck ol d and6n sF'p

!q!!r

'n

se

'cy @reB or

canada!

NodM3l

Pa$ase r40

teg6

25

'lhorqf

Eg!@

or ln€m

*€

only

€.u.

arqr4rle4

'r

hish sch@ , rhey

seE

der ohed

,ner

fi6t

het

€ch

other

o.

@uous at the

smo

univ.E

ly

n London.

26.

Whped

by

stoT

sirds,lte

*ildfi'e @a€d on lhe nounIg,n.

ops

dlFlw'lh

lnalvillages

ron ns

slFe

5000 p@ple evac{ralino then homes

27

9eE!9!2005

b

2010

US

sha €

s*

prodLclon

s@

an

astol+

no.s%

a _Far,

!cl3!y

c@drg

23.

Not

slllllh€

-r

sun's ultEv oi€t Edial on

en

E€oh

h6 Eann's.urfae

---!-

be@u$

th.

doie

t.y€r

' --'_r

2S

Add

ng

'--F-"..--!-

lo rha

lEg

govemierl cgul.uon

people *ho

66

st ll

$ind

o

d

.1€rovsTltr

no

30. Ooclo6 oI

l\s rNrs

sl

b.

sbl. io

L*

hsrrrr.nG

lo.

$!et&

dnatys s t1.r w. I

rtp

$em

d,€snG.

-

rh€

dB**

noe

---

a.clEt.

_.nd decid6

---_

.n

rts

lr.Etnenl

31

.

The ron9e6t oir pip€rin€ in th€

sdd

bes lm

i4!e

o I ietds or

BEk

in

A4'ralan

and _e!BD!E to th€

32. T.d€y @m

p!t.r

.xp€

rll

.e

mr

lh+use

or advan@d l€rhFotosy

l!#e!

exper

rents

ro

\

e

iruG

@mpuiets

Esmdind

kl a

6iE6

ot

spoks

rcdr.

3l

k ie

vd

' -F

h.d, f

not

mD@lue

---r

ro oel a

tai

dunm

-

the rush noLE

-t-

ol

tenifts

34

a

-F

<e

tr61ol tie b.d.

_lnal

lv euuwarcs

b

_-_r

ums

_{r@iom belo€}

snier

*gj!,

_{piOsns Ec}

€ts

€ble ro

oirrt

tleli€lws

in th6 sky by

@dins

tE

pcitio

ot

fle sln

sd

rh.

3r,B

35

Fd d.e mome.t he

srhlladd

oi shale gas E al s slsldsrill

b€6ue

plG

hd6

dopp€d ro

o.ly

lt&qlE

ollts

b@n lwels.

36

s€ lous y _mlu€d by

E!!ei

Malala only l'fleen _,€aE old.

De*tre

the

i\4i

bot or @L

Ese

.nd

@.r' chon as a wuns ch5Toion

----'-]r=

fqhlt!

t

rhe

nqh

o

.du€rion

ror srl gids in P.k

sirn

37. For a @r.l

@t

to

oB

-

*€11. it

neds

wam

shallow and

-!

a cl6am43 of

*.rds

smod

stu

sill

33

SlElns ol

tub@lGls

lhal

ae

__-

esisranl ro. €

r

tnM

--F

Ta

dru$

r@nlry

slrbed

,n rh€

ctEw€d

slLTs of lndis, .nd

€Lsed

ser

-

rhm

lo.

----r

.

d€drr

oLlb@k o, rh€ otd

dises

39

Urler

h€*y

pEs$c

EE.nm.LnsFis

oEanh,ucns. dany

zs

ffi

tr

mtomed t om

p

$n

k€pr.6

&r4i!o!!!e!ts !!die!oq

tle r

ia&El

habilat

40. w@nng

tu

hab and trimnxd 6bes w th r6p5rd skin, rib€.men nom _easleo

rbstjoin

_{lh. !9Ig3o!!} dtuals snd

isslviiis

in lh€ old c ly of

Lh*

j!_eleqa&ljt

the'IbeEn

N4Y@r

sEcloN

2

VOCAAULARYAND REAOING COXFREHENSION

Dhction.:

ln lhis s.ction you will

@d

ereral

pasg€,

Eaoh _Fss€g€ iB

follMd

by quslions abour iL

cno*

tu

one besr

snser,

(A), (B), (c), or (o), tor each q@fion. Th€n, on your _{an6@r sheer find}

th.

iumber ot he qusstion 8nd

fll

in lh€

d.l

th.l

mrcBpond6 to lhe leh€r of your

.mrer

choice.

An*r

all qu€sbons based on eh5r is sLlEd or lmplied

i.

rhe pass.ge

R€.d

lh.

lollowlng

p...ago:

A

nw

h€adng devics s

nw

Ewil.bi€ for Bome

h€.

nq impoied p€ople. This d€vi@ u6es a nagnet to hold the delachable

snd-pr@ssing

podjon in

plae.

Like

oh.r

aids, ir conved! .ound

inlo vlb€rions But it ls ! nlque h lhal it

€n

tEnsn il

0l.

vibEiions drecty io the hagnet, .nd then

!h,

io rh€

inn€r.ar

This

podues

a deaer

s.d,-lhe

iw

ddic6

wilt not hel!

aI

ltl

hea ng-im pan€d

p6p e

on y lhos. wilh

.

henng

lc

@osed by inl€ction or som. other pDbtem

in lne middl-. ear rt {dn prcbabt help no more than 20 p€rc.nt or an ptrpte with hea.ing prcbtems.

ItGe

p@pl€,

hMv.r,

wllo

h

€ pa6i8ieil ear inreuons should fnd rcliet and

r*ki6d

h€anng

Whal is tho author s main pueos€?

{A) lo

de$

b€ a

ns

cuE tor ear

inf*llo.s

(B) _to

i.fom

_{frE r€ads} of s

ne

ddie

(C) _{io u'se}

docb6

_lo use a

.w

devie

(o)

b

€xpr.in rhe use or a

naq.et

The autho. s main

pulPo*

is to lnlom lhe €ader of a therclore,

'to

sh.uld .h@se

a.Mr

(B).

Th€

Nrd

'cli.f

in line 7

man.

(A) less

distcss

(c)

diltaclron

n*

devi@ for _{h.5dng-imDalcd oeoole}

oaoo

a@oo)

IlE phEs.1.$

dislB*-

B simll.r

h

nea.ins

to'Bl

el

in Ihis

*ntene.

_Therefo6, you shoutd

ch@*

On March 11,2011, a maqiitude 9.0

und€E.

eardquake

o@r€d

43 miles

ot

th6 shoE ot Jap.n Th€ ..dhq _{u.ke oeneEled} a n unexp€cr.dly massive rsu nsmi rhar eashed ovor

esI.m

Japa n

rcughly 30 minur4 rarar, kifing

noE thln

15,300 p@pte and tnju ng morelhan6,100. MoE

rian

r]B

2 600 p€op 6

.€

Bliil ona@ounl€d

fol

N*,

@mput$ sinu arions by Sianrod soientbb Eveat that

(5)

sund earea in

ih.

ocean ptoduoed by the @dnquake pobably E5ch.d taid teis of m

nurs

ber.e

rhe Glnam r rl

corcciy

i.terpcl€d, lhoy could have otbEd a samii

I

that a ta _E6 tsu n.m i

w4

on the

Although ladous systems

en

dol€ct undeFea

€dhquak.s,

lney

€r1

Etiabty 16I yhich wil

tom

alsunamiorpedicrlhesizeofrh€e e

TheE

ae

o@n,bas€d devic.6 ftat

en

sense

a.

onomtig

lto)

bunami, but _{hey 9pioally pEvide} only

.

fs

mhlte6 of

ad€n€ mrning

Be€uss th. sound nom a

seismlc event will

reoh

land e€ll b6foE lhe @ler ltsetf, the

c@rch@

3uegest

tEl

id€ntittng the

sprcilE aoousrio signEruE of

Eun.mi€eneol

i9

eannqu€k$

6utd

l@d io

i

fasr6F.cting

warihg

syslem tor massiv. r6unami3.

The foding

ms

som€rhing

of.

surpase. The

@nhqu.k.i

epiceit r

hEd

bsn

tEced !o the

o5) undsMl€r

JEpan

TEich,

.

subducuon 2od6 about 40

mil$

ea.t otTohoku,

fE

nonhe4len

69 on

olJap.nslallerblaid

aased on 6x sling knowl€dga

of€afiquak$

in

this.@,

setsnot€isls

prztlad

over shy Ite

sdtqrake

aplu

e p'opag€t.d lrcm

fie

utergroJlo !.ut

.I

rE

{ay

up lo

$.

e.afoor,

c€ar19.

rassve Lp*rtu

llrsl

rlal

csutEo ,1 l,re

tsJ.aT

o're.t

ob*to.hois

of h€ lark

k6

*r*,

so Errc

ouihafr,

an

a$slanl

prcl€$or of geophysiF in rhe sch@torEanh

soi.n€a.

and

f20J Jercmy Kozdon,

.

po.ldoclo€l

.esearch€.

wo*ino

with Dunham

beg.n usi.g

lhs

otusr6r

ot

sup€rcompoteE

.t

sranrod s cenier tor computsrional Eanh and Envi@nmentat scion@ (cEEs) to

simulsre how rh6

lEmoB

moved fircugh ths

@si

.nd

o@n.

Ttu

Es4rcheE

burrt a high,@sLution mod6lth.r in@QohiEd lhe

kndn

geotog _c

t€turcs

of rh€

Jap.n TEnch and

u*d

cEEs s fruratio.s ro id€nrift posribte eadhqu.ke rupturc hislories

@nrotibk

l25J wilh lhe availablo

d.ra

Relrcaclively,

!\e

models.@uratety pr€dicled lh€

r.afio.r

uptifr seen in lh€

eanhqu a ke which is di@tly B at6d to _Eu nami

Mve

heighlE a nd atso s n utated sou nd

Mv*

thar

pEpagated ailhin t1e

o@n.

ln addidd ro valu.bte iis _ohl into lh€

sbmic

€vents as th6y

tik.t ecured

duing lhe 2011 €.rdquake lhe l@arch€B identiied lhe

speiicfaul

enditions ne@;ary

6l ruptuE

ro Bact th€ saa1m,

ad

( _{Ecl€ rdse}

tsLrrE

rr

mddare

q€n.ited

_{a@L3l c}

daE:;n

lrerisl

_no /90) R€l€uon ol

fE .

n Jraxol @s lhal rsursnE e 1rc sL rbce-breatins a

DtuB

tite lhe 20 I I

€dlo

urke:

prcdoca higher ampritude o@an a@usijc

MVs

thai those rtut do nol, rhe modet

shMd

hN liose

$ond

MV4

sourd have tErelod rhEugh ihe @ier and

indi€t

d lhat they reachen shoE 15 !o 20 mi.ul€e b€ior€ rhrd r6unaDi

Dunham and lGzdon pohted

olt

lhat idenrifying a rElnani signaluG doesnr @nptele Ih€ wrming

135) sysrom.

undoR€ld

mi@phones

€led

hydrcphon€. mutd .eed to b6 d€ptoyed on th€ seail@r or on buoys ro dsl€ci rh€ sig nar sh rch

eutd

'len

n€€d to be anaty2ed to conf

h

a threat, both ot ehtch

could be

cciy.

Polirymake6

euld

also need ro

wlk

w[h sctentstE to

s€d.

on the _deg@ ot

en

inty n€6d€d

b€tm

pu ning the

d6m

tf th€se poinc c.n be

Mded

o ut, lhou g h, rhe bcnnlq _{ue coutd}

heti

pd

de p@ious minui66

6l

an evaouaiion.

41.

Whrch ot the lon@ing rculd most tik€ly be lhe frain id€a of IhE

.nriB

paege?

(a)

cEEs drhorations illusr..le rhe

frmalioi

ol a m.ssive kunami in Japsn.

(E)

Eanhquake s@6rlcs

en

hdi@te

ta

m*sive

lsunami s aboutlo

h.ppei

{C) O@an-basod

ddlc4

ae

no ong6r

ieeded tndet€.t

und*aa

eadhquak6 (D) _Slantod

sci.nl.t3

_{ihye$igacd why}

.

gEat lEunami happen€d h Japad in

!2

A(oding

to ih€ paEsag. whEh ot

rE

ro[owing

isTRUEabouith€ 2011 eadhquaLe,n

l.oan?

(A)

rt

@ured

i*r

_lh€ 3ho€ _{or Japan.}

(B)

lt happ6n.d in rhe friddte of the n ghl.

(C) Mo@ than 20,000 peop e

be€nsviclime

(o)

Nonheh Jap€n r€@iv.d ihe

qo*t

Tle@d'th€y

in

lie

6

rct€6lo

Amding

!o lhe passage, which ol

!E

irflding

ls NoT lh€

shoncomlng

ol

other undeGea (A) They

a6

extrcm€ly expensire and

ditiort

(a)

They

en

only g

w

seveEtminutu

otea y

(C)

ftey a€

unabre to pEvide lnrom.tion

aboul

tE si4

oa lh€

e.8..

(D) Th€y ennot

a@uEtet

prcdict whbn eadhqusk4 wlll

cau$

tsun.miB. Th6

word'puzted'in

line

16

is ctos.st

in

It can b€ infered fiom paEgEph 4 that sound

(A)

gsn€E ry rcacn

fie

shoE €s bst as

(B)

do not

r@t@I

ftrcugh Mter in he

o@n

(c)

w ll be

slMr

if the

unde@

€dhquak€s (O) give valoab e dala for gvacuation

if

analrz€d

.iid

!*d

*l

.

47.

Which

ol

th.

lotioetns

belt

exrc*

_tne opposite

m€ning

oa ths

mrd

.6Fijbte,

ll

43.

ILe author

trdd

pEbabty use ot the

loll@ing

eode

io d€$db€ CEES

gnut€its

49.

Th6

pg.3.g. Mutd

pbbabty

bs.

prn ot an $siqned

Eadlig

in wfiich ot dE

btb{^g

50.

Amrding

b tne pas$se,

*nth

ot h€

ioltow

is NoT ne€ded b ompteE

t€

mmrlg

sFbhi

(A)

_inst l menl ol hydEphones on

rE

*an6

(B)

a @lhboElion bel*€€n

pdiqm.ks

and

(C) eady

Muaton

tr.inrhq

t .h€

toel

p6!t

(D) ana ysis ol6tgnats

frm

the

hydEphon*

The 6 dple chick€n's egg hG long been known as

.

symbo ol

n*

lif..

Horevei

less wen kiown

is lhal eggs

€n

be tuhed inlo incubatoG lo produce a

Efi

oi oiher molecu

*,

nclud ng agents to @mbatiietion.Thehumaninmun.syslemGspoidstoloregnsubstanoesbvp6ducn9anlbodes.

riB

eh ch a re sDeo alized lroteins ifi

tl

b nd lo invadin o o196 nisms and tox ns blodk lh,7 actt lv a id ialg€l

l5J

rh€mfordestuclonbyolh*m.mb€rsofiheimnune

nfantry Anl

bodi$.

$

cncu ate lor e(ended

!6iods

n u1e bood, pbvidins

ons'lem

prcledton agaiist any ol ihe 3.m6 bugs thet miqht irv i0

make a com€ baok and molhe G prctgot their otrs

p

nq by siphon ng ofi

$

me ol their own

ait

bod €s and.ddlng lhem lo the

ioeb

c;ubton

durng

fie

lafler pan of pregnancv Th6 sameis alsotrueof

chickens, 6ul wilh lhe

dlfieen6

lhal ihay add lheir anlibodies lo th€ yo ks ol ure

eq$

ihev lav.

lto)

Thercin ries a rherapeutic oppodunity

b.*us6

exposue !J

sp€clc

vruses or bact6rl. tiggets

chicGis

lo orcduce anlibodies aqainsl lh€s€ oEan sms. lr a chicken is injecled with s6mp

*

of ihe

eme

painog€ns, ihis a

$

achieves lhe 6ame

.fi€.i

ln ract, wilhln I u sl a l€w

reeks

every €99 the

.hickei lays wil @ni, n hig h levels or

an(ibdi6

spe

fi€

y _large(iiq lhose virues o' bacieda

Mobvel

these

ail

bod

*

€.

b€

puit€d

from lhe yolks

b

prcduce what s

ahosl

antibodies on_lap

lr5)

Giving

pe'itmed

anftod €s to p@de who have b6€n €xposed to a panicular lnr?otio!5 aq€nl

has lmg i6en reognized .s a way ol limiting d

sa*

Hisbnca y

lhe*

aitbodies hare bem obLined

fiomho;€sorhunians,brthoeanijbodiesa.erskyandhumananhbodieshave

m ted avaiabililv

Henc€, chickEn egg

aiiib.dies

mlght be a valuable add I on io our med ioaL

arserr/

Eggs a E plent lul and €3rly

hafr.sLd.

Justto4eggscan

prcdu@ as much anlibodv as an

enli€

guinea

piq

Mor€ 124 impod.ntly, lhe human lnmune syslem

ld€Ecs

chlcken anr

b.di*

much berler lhan.nlibodies

frod

rt has b€en almost tveniy y€ars since

tle

iiFl

stldi*

uslng egg aitibodv to lrcat v El diseas€ in

animabreG.ubrished

Back in 1ss4,. team ot Japan*e sciont sls rNt shNen thal ca ves cou d

b.

s

T

cl

crereqqan'bodies

lr

rtp

rrt

i-andlJl

or;h' zrr

ah

'iGErs.Fq

rie

Lso oreqq

a.,oooes

ror

rr*r€rs

_oi5ease

r-.rr€rr

'r

h umans Sludies a

€

also

cull;.tly

u ndeMay to erplorc lhe effer venees of es s_ant bod

i*

in the

rEaimeni ofthe rnrecijons eused

bi

tle6aabnrn

P*udamnas

aetuginosa, drioh has

nd

€3ched b€

m

nplcr€o

'.

SeP

erbe

20 4

ior

be 1g

s€neo

app'ovclb'y

redGlgo'€m

19 oooe-.

rnj

be@Trs

lT

r'31€gg anr bodv lo

b'

rr0) Lsed

'r

d'ri€

p€,lae

oveE

, il looks

llkeythatUie

tusl ma nsire€m

lhe€peutc

egg

antibodi*

wllmake

t

inio lha fid oes or hos piEl phamacies wlhin a Ew y€ars Mosl l ke v ili es€ a.tibodies

wi

bs us€d agaii st ju sl

a h i ndr! or

ini*tious

disease aqenls lo stan wllh, bui ma dv m o€ e$e.imental

liars

w th ma nv fro

e

people n m. ny moG @untr es

till

s*

th s nu m

b{

lncrsse sig nif

antlv

over iha dacades to

cone

51

ThE ionNLno aE qu6stions lhat the pa6..g€ tdes io

addE*

DGEPT

(A) Why Erc chick€n .gg anl bod as sup,"dor l(l oiner

.nlibodi$?

(B)

Hd

€n

chioken €gg yo _k-anl bodies be us€d lo

tea(

lir€cl on5?

(C)

Whal.rc

the possible _{dano€6 ol}

$ing

inf€d on-fighlino chicken €gg

(D) How cloE€ aG

re

to usinq ch cken egg

.nl

bodies for

hum.i

disease

The @rn

"ih6il

in

liie

4

efeE

io

(c)

nvadhsorsansmsaid!Yin3

(B)

membe6 oI

fle

hmun.

intanty.

p@ordiig to ure passage which ol lhe

ioneing

ls NoTTRUE.boul anlibodles?

(A) They

€n

be p6ssed on by

nolhe6

lrt

(B) They crrcul.ls in

$e

blood for € rons

(c) Non6 prodoc.d by

a.ihab

en

b€

ille€ted

54

WichoffEtoll

l.gslaiErenr.€b.urohbk

n

$.

Fomra.ag€ph4,lte.bei.tun€dlh.r3tudi6

€ges

en

b€

inbmd

trcm lhe

p.$age?

o.

egg

adjb.dies

(A)

n6yacnoeu@tulrorhumEnsdEnnosi

(A) con@raie

on _indins cutss ror

w

p€ople

@lae.

dl*s.

(B)

Sde.U6b.E

notvdy iiiercsied ln

usinq

(B)

haresh4iiic@si.qryprcmiohsBurE.

ihem 10 ourc

disea64.

(C) are under

$delllan@

ot porqmakeG.

(C) Aniibod esotJtaln€d |rom lhefr

ac

(D)

haE

nMr

b..n

onduct€d

iiAsia.

b.i.f

.lal

tu

tEing

chlcken l.aecilo...

(D)

nFele.limiLdsio.koldrbken.!g.sih

59.

ThE.uhofsalllud.br.rdtE0FEp€ulicegE

soitbl€y.lkr.e€dedby..ienlbb.

andbodhll.g€.6ElLy

(4

imp.tul

5,.

Tn6

@d

'inl€cloue'

n

lln.

15

n6.n!

(B)

opiimisllc.

(A)

i6ldiouB.

(c)

_Judemstal.

lB)

pEeniou'

(0) dllinr€E.t

d.

(D)

@niagiNs.

60.

Tn..urhor.

purpo$ in vntng lhis pa5sge iB rb

56.

l@oding

lo lhe

pa$€g., a.ifrals

lhal

6n'

{A)

@nl65l

tle

antibodle. obiained ltum

prcd@

antbodb.

br

hohans

aE

hufran6 and

tD*

lom .nim.ls.

(a)

hors.nd

chrcken.,

(Bl

l^lomrhallh.E.Evsriou.sMiesoi

(3)

chickensand€rrer

inf€ctious

di*ase

t

etn.nl,

(c)

€lwsandsuindpiss.

(c)

dNineirat

ibodle€.E p.nicul.ry

(D)

hoB*

8nd guiiea

plgs,

hporEnlforfghlingdi$as*.

(O) €lucidaE

thsl.hicke.

eggs

€n

be

'/.

which

ne.nhg

ol

of the

tF

{ollNing

wd

'aenal'ln

besl

expEs66

lin.

13?

lh.

tuded htJ a reapon lo

rE.t

dis*.

l! is lhe nal! rc ol youth ro m€ k€ a

Eckel

Thrs happens reliabty tn

Ns

Yolk c ity ewry

w*kday

b€lwe€n lwo snd lh

G.

in rhe .nemood when shoot ters out t€en€gets spin onb the s

dwa

ks

aid

dssnd

below gbund

inb

ln€ subwal wherc

h

ing

too*ned

thelr

oifioms aid

shed d@rum,

ri,ah6y@upyth6€i

are*holtr

dg, fliruns, aa uing,

€joting

chedkhg tn. ch

ekiig

oul They sing lhe

{9

song ot thomsslv$, loudly, _iubil.nt

t

to a

dytm

thal on y th€y

en

hear

ti

0ie coding dsys, lh€

!6ds

and

r#ns

ln and arcund the oity willexper

ene

a s mllarvlsftalion,

iion

p€riodi€l c

ed.s.

For 3.v€nleen

Faq

juvenl es oflhEe species ofthe _lenus Magici@da have

b.€n unddgound, 3 pping on r@tels and quiedy gr@ing. When Oe

eit€ches

lhe dghl

tmpe€tuF

€4d.gr*eF,me*rEdeighthch6doM-lheywi

€merce

in.sirrMing nufrbs,

frott, ctimb iniD

lto) lh€

tE.s,

5nd, ior lhe

emahiig

lhree reeks or eo of lhen [ves, sing

a.

ex6ketstDn,€nlng ohoruB. P€dod

el

cicad*

aE dbtinct tron the sp€c es th.t emeEe .nnuaLty,

ii hr

l€9r

numbe6, .nd sing

in

rs dog dsys ol

summ.r

(

Ihe€

are seven

M5gici€d.

spel*

_{ln an, iou I ot which}

eh€lg€

.re

ry thin€on y€aE, in

ih.

Souih.m and Mld@stern sEl€s) The eaaon

iq

tha tong tife cyct6 is lh€ subFcl old€bab,

butlh€pointollhedlnlscleaito@ud.ndm.isands.tanInepe

odan4

lrg

Th. Ecket@me. frcm the males Each sings by rapidlycttckrig a po

ioi

othis abdom.n

n.nd

oul, ar one mlght clict and unoliok an empty soda

cai.

He

ate6

ils shape snd p@ lion to msk6 th€

lreqJelcl$e.ndtall,a$b.eLsrBaDdone.

r

roslt

r-o

o*

ir acts

ampires lhe

sout

a.d

blad€sb {lor

some

disEre

(c@da3 can

Gsr aT

d$€rg

E€

fe.

aLdliory organs. so $e,/

donl

dealen

f

enselv$

r Tl-eqLa ty of

n6

soig

vai€s.ro1g

ap* e.

4r

sor€

ci.adas in SoL th€.st A.E pbo

ue

specEc

id'

y

nusirs

sorgs.

*ifi

mo.6 puc br

*

cor pt€x

ft ecuenoies and

hahoniG '

D5vid Matshan, a

ci€da esercher

at the U n

iv$ity

ot Conn 6cfcur, n

Srore, lold me.

'The€

aE

sm€

thar sound rike

bids

wheeas ou6 aE mo€ gEring dhough som.

make a pleaent syrupy dEne.'

NwYorks

s*.cen-y€ar

bbod,

kn4i

to$iedtsls

4

Brcod

tt

exlends

nlm

Conn€cri

rto

e5lGeQiaandhasbeenemeEingsoulhofhe@lora@upleotw*ksalreadyM€rch.Irasonhsetl

phone, in t.\e pa$enger sBar

of.

er

in E kin, Nonh Carctina, near nre sourhem I m r oflh€

.meE.nej

John Cooley a

@ll€gue

was d

iving

'Were d dviig arcund vith our wtndore open, tisrening,' M.Eh€tt

said. The lhee sryenleen-y€r specios .r€h t equany abrrdar, eveDnhe@, and the researcneF aG

--.

irir*ied

in. anonq

otfe'

t'ings, c5an19

r€I

r€spBctv€

dEr'b

,,,,

*'ogy

"no

""o'"ton

-"'tne

pasi len r,eaT Marshall ard h s wite, K.ilty H l,

\.v€

r€@ded nost ol lho ci€dss ot €astem NorhAmeica, as well as many soulh-resl€n sp€cies, and m.de the sonos

awilable on

fEn

W.b 3ile,

in*cldnge6.oom.

"Wete using

h€n sound.lo

tettus

rhch

sp€cies

a€

pt*nt

and gening out

@siondl

making @ €clion s for DNA .eq uen oing ' he said. Sir dyin g pe

odi*l

ci€das eund€d a lor ik€ a

bad

(35) _{ldp, minus th6}

er

st

_{r€o. 'Wer6} just _{drtvinO arcund in Ih e}

ar

_{a tol p€try much att datl frcm n ine in}

tE

noning unli

th6 sun

go*

dM,'

Macharr

eid

'Then

u

lirl

.rash at e

cmpsound

and have

dl.ier

Pedodi€l c cadas dont iast

.ll

th.r ronq when rhey come

od:

you onry have a rew @eks to

galher all lhe

iitomalion

you can.'

61.

Aocoding Io

fE

Fs3.g€,

snat

i.

NOt true

aboul

N4

Yotk Cily youlh?

(A) Th€y cEv€ atEnlon

aid

comp menrs

fiom $en surcundingg

(3)

_{Whei tn.y}

ae

tooetE

_{thev tend ro}

makB 5 gr@t din

{C)

lhey

lik6

b

i

n sith on6 €nolhd .nd

blk

(D) Th.y

le$6

€nd

chElt*

in

.

m.nn€r

th.t

ontthey€.

undeBia.d,

62. Ao@ding to lhe

pasge,

whal is the similariiy bel'r€en

Ns

York

cll,

tee.ageB and

(

)

Th.Yb.lh llkebmakenoise.

(B)

They cEat6 a

@mdd

yet melodious din.

(c)

oilyuemaret

i

both grcup6 make a

(D)

Bolh

en

tt

n€d th. r hdadn$ aoainsl

Whlch ol lh€ followi.g

w.d6

@uld b€st

sobsdrutg rhe

m.d'a.toniehiig'in

line 9?

what ls the pllposo ol he peiodic.l

oi€dG

(A)

To unl$sh the enercY kept duing (B) To auGct lh€ oppo3ii.

sd

ln

od$

ip

(c)

Io

t'ishlen predaloc .nd

ksp

lhem

al

(D) To let othe.

cic€d..

knw

lhet

ex.d

Bel4.B.ha€cbrl6t€s

ol p€riodicel

{{

rhey

gw

b€rw u1e gound

bl

y€6.

(q

rh€y go

dt

on lha _srcund in

laqe

(c)

_{They 9o out}

&ry

y€r

ln rhe sunder io

(D) They die

an*

about lhGe

M.k3

d

lh€

whal

en

be

iite@d

about Bome cicadas ln

Souh€stAsia

and

lh@

i.

N

Yod?

(A)

rh€ fomer stay

u.dqlbund

loiqer

h.n

(B)

Botl poduq€ €qually loud and

pl.5*nl

(c)

Ihe

romer mak€ moc derodlo@ and

(o)

Nelrh6r ot tho too 3pq:i6s

ei

sourd llk6

a bird.

whlch of

fE

Md6 bdN

h.a

lh.

oploslt!

m.5nii!

to

tt.

Mrd'€bun&.f

l.

llne

2t?

lr o.n b6

hhrcd

lrcm p5EOr6Ph lo0r

tEl

(A) rhe

thF. B€.rche6

aE

ln Nonh

C.blin€

b.€use

tt ls lhe odgiml looslion of _Pe

odi€lch€d.s.

(B) Ma6hall,H

and coolBy

h*

ben

lollowi.g lhe life ot pedodlGl

cixd.s

for mor€ lhan a

d@de.

(c)

lhe sole po$o6e or lh€

€s4oh

rs lo

map lh€ dislributions ol

pel'odiel

ciedss

in

NorthAnen€.

(D) t16 @s€rcheE hav€

ben

t-ellno

soulh of New Yolk to lndeEiand

tE

penodic6l cicadas

betei

Wtl

which oi lhe tollowing

sLiehenL

wld

(A)

Pedodi€lcic€d6s slay undeE@nd ror fii@n )€aE b6loe lhey .Gn mstino.

(B)

R€sur5r non-pedodhrl cicad.s

spp€.

snruart and Prcdu@

t'6n

songs in lhe

(c)

soul,h4er AsiE cl€das

€n .l.o

b€ found hib.maling

i.

N4Yo

in lhe

*htei

(o).

Nw

Yo'k penodiel

ci*das

nake

set

r 6nd

froe

svrupv sonss lhsn

A@ding

lo the

psagq

*lly

do irsGhall

gid

his

spou*

coll.cl €rious

cl€da.

(4

To rdedffy and m€p rhe

p@ce

ot

.

(c)

To pucoe a hobby .nd io

sh@

To idonli! cicadal DNAlhEugh

he

To anang. d1os so.gs lor difibEnl

(B)

(o)

qu6rbn.

7i

- 30

wilhoJl a

.onnon

taFSUaSe

b sp€k.

$

Ardlel rc

noi.

_{a Fan}

Nutd

_{b€ mo€}

chsdu.

Mu

hr5 dog

br coroarr

th.n

k$ .

Io3igier'

l-or e'!ht

y*6

epilEd

ir

arsral

>lalr

200r

d'dl.evenTvefial

12002

hF @3

GGooded

d

cuanrAn.m.

rmr rh€rc

t.

d'd

no

trd

tre

r'.q iae

r€n(ae

_{tnqt'sF and Arab'c}

%

.I

_rhe

htr re

h€d

i;

h;s

r5i

4

mal*

evea day

].

nidhl a5 well h.ve

b*n

l

sorcry

ollnemd

r

und hs Greasc, ir

2or0

t

E.

ir

lhe

Mds

orP.r.

Jal

Honissoe's. d

p'o,essor.t

aw ar rha

LFfreENot

san

rran.,;."

'alotia*aolvor.q'Fr".yTorn

19

sr4ra

lodr

on,sqb..q

h€am,etoj

hhhd

$n$m;

orroleliness P's

on,

^op

's

s'Br€s?

tcreo, cnd rhen

tr[

oeier.

sLTal@'

1F"nvwavs.s'nptyLntJLry

Fespo.eata19u.9€harwasrat

_Gurnrbr€mo

(0J

rhe

€np

had

orv

r.

L/be. .DeyeE

m.Mero6eons.tin

H6*aedo,bre€hryeaEnor

be@LF \ewas daTetu

ao'

lbe(

uzber,.En

@L6a@dnim

6

a G

Drllnamo

deooddp

irneT

6ry

'ar

?q/i'edroro?Fir

rrit.

rulon

ere4

io

b;hm

l

14 tuct. Lr _s

ir.o.e4.a,qo

_{ardd 1 T}

I

oahea

iee*ein*h;

$ltr ar

uzbek

FreTFb'

aro

dl

n.ercgaD'. ther

hp qas deflod

Tasas

ro

tdm

Eno

rn.n;

I'),

AEbic,b€GLsArhedeFrtolLFrE

'as c po cy

as.

i{

he'D

!

lre

oc$red-dase!6;€6

ne6

ommuni€le

wirh one another

.

Depiving a p,

sor.r

oi

tirqjsu(

.omoany

ca

@ a

sDales/

[

el

,.c,eas..

p$one,!

@p€nd.n@oncr

Ierogalo,

nal.fqfTrorcxtetyrrE\

or4cd1pTrentD1$netsftom;6ani,ift

EsisEnc.

vots typ( alr/

(Es

t+e

sLTars

aE drrotuncle

Mseqlenes J

porn,

ao

or:nsurcj

"owhdd,rtFeELse,holqsoaga":esth'soaper,-r'orerraseaorvori.sieooruraifl

dnrrerl["o19\ti.grisb,

etaror5cta€eylhes€m6a3h6ev€t*kano@.

mdn€d

m ;

@^t'olsrr.bqrcto1@.lrareo'rnnkcleanvcontsbnobs63ir'eoera"ore;ats;od,ande{s

'ghourd be recoqnized 6s a dElncr

Hodigsbe4

%s

surp dsed ro I nd tide

onsided

on of rhe ssue ol ting u sr

.

isotadon tn the

losal

F€'L?

dnorrr€F'oE

cb

lrM;kioa,€tinoudcn;

ii.olit'y6f .efsI

Pe dps(!1oLobee,pe.Fo.hore\src'ua

$tiaa.dn'mmsi6lohi

/tor

ESulared ir

lteU

S

..d

ls ra.gery tefi lo the d,ac6nor of th€ peopteDhd ton

pisna

aidjaits.

-

-sL€ori6

nqfr

sar d ol priso.e.r

cal

c'hp.,

tedm

u€

anqJaqe

o-f

nmar€s

h,brr

uiddrhec',recorlEtacro,tsqo,,bd€E

pndolr

al.

rcqlred

r;

ls(f

rnqnsh lo

".

or6!.euwrddtsp€r,

BJtr

mit'llryja'ts,

mtrsDiond.i,e

o^a.renlromryserorai,r,res

r$,

msle%ls

rd

lFarhg

alslas.s c'e

raEnab!

A

rtu

orisor€F

14

overcotre FiAe obsLc es toL€tvia

w\.ehegelsb/''lf

.Bndne'

19of

RL*.n

Fehasr.raqedbp,naroqque

firoM*

.nd oet

naiiied.)

71.

lXeroll*ing

shlmenis

aboul sunnal aG rue,

(a) He.hacd

nocommon ranouaqesith his

(B)

He

M.

twenV nve wfen he was rcteased

(C) H6

w*

impisoned because he was

idu.d

(D) Few p€opro _{sFeak his ranquaqe in}

claiunamopisn

72

fte

aurhorg purpose _in

wt

nq rhrs

psese

rg

(a)

demonsrEc lbe

physi*t€nd

emolionat

cruetrylhat happened n G@denamo.

(B)

shsthe hahtu

_{cons€quencs or}

$l'rary

inprisonmenlhrcuoh nau'st'c sohion

(c)

ten aboul

fle

onrodunale oxpedence ot

sunnatduing his @nin6m€ntin

(o)

cr

iciz€ $e cdme controtAdt ot 1990, wh ch does not poiect

rhe

ghts ot

aI

which of

the lollowing

stst€me.ts

about

lA)

lt is

aled.ElpdM

Lal ls rui bylhe unit€d

(s)

It pwidea English

lNns

to inm.bs

*ho

do nol 3P66k lhe

la.glag€

(C)

Mosl prisoneE in lhis place speak €ilher

lD)

Thdshoul

'le hrsiory, ir h€s

onry h5d

sq

inm.tes trcm UzbokisLi

Which of lh€

mrds

beLow has

tE

opposih

meanlng io lhe sord "inno.€ncd line 13?

a€ld

a6

rhe side efie.ts of linsoislic

{A)

dlfiiouty in tocusin! one s

frhd

(B) s..ing

or

h4ing

lhings {htch

.€

not

(c)

tunuG to resist lhe u€6 hat

m4

ham

(D)

dcs

v€ suspc'ousnessand

dlsltusdu nessdro(neE

A.@rdhq lo th€

pa$qe,

linguislio ls.lalion is all ot lhe

fttrlding

ExcEPl

(A)

lt @n b€ leg8lly used lo pacrt a pn.on€r

(B)

lt

s a slraiegy designed lo exlEol infomaton fiom

priDneb

{c)

lt

en

be a

l*hn

que ld

hcr€53

5

(D)

n is ft€ acl ol

$pa€dng

a

d€Eine

lrom soeak.G of lhe sane

r.mlaqe

which ol dD lorrNing

rcds

@ld

best

$lstitute

lhe

vod'seqr.gation'

in lino 30?

(A)

Rgnunchuon

(r)

Abn.galion

rn.

md

{d!*EIi6n"

in lha 31 tour could b€st

le

Epl.c€d by$hich

oftheloll

ing?

It

en

be inlercd lrcm oaFqEPh l5vs

tEt

(A)

are

Fils

oi rhe

bddEl

p'ison sysiem on

(B)

op€raiE cLo*ly

Mh

immLg6lion detenton

{C)

do nor haw

b

adherc to

tE

Crimo conirclActot1999,

(D) _do not _F.ssess

ieures

nedod for

w

tl

whlch of

fE

followi.g stalemenb

edld

fic

aulhor pbbab y

sgce?

(

)

Soliary @ninement though lingoislic l.olalion

h$

many neqaiE impacls.

(B)

Denyhg pnsnersrhe dohl to

(c)

Linguislc isol.lion has

b*.

egulated by

thlU.Sl

6ln€1990.

(o)

Th.rc

h.E

b.en ioo nany AEb

ldsn€F

in lh€ U.S

pd$n

syst im.

lnhlslnaoguEraddr*in1949Ha./ys.ItumansaidtEl'moEthanhafthepeopleinth€M

d

aG riving rn condrtion6 app@achJnq miEery For lhe

fcr

rime in hislory homan

t

pos€ss

iha

k

ledge and .ki I

b

€1i4.

tha

sltfeinq

ol lho.e

pftple."

ll has l5k€n m uch onger $an Truman

r]ia

hop€d. bui lhe sor d hae l.iely

b*n

m.kinq erlEodinary

prcgEs

in ming pepre oul ol

enEms

(5J

pow.l, B.hr*n

1990 and 201 0, Uen nu m ber

tb

by harf as a shaE ol rh€ rota poporalioi in dewtoping

@u.he.

fon

43% to

2196+

cduclion ot a frost 1 billion

psplo.

N@ $e

mnd

h.s

. *nous

ch.nce

b

r.deem lruman s pledge

b

m

$e

Eaet fonunate. oftho 7

blllion peple

.l w

oi

lne planel 1 1 billlon .u bs rtl

bere

lt e inteh.lion5lly

.4epled

ei.enepoveny

line ot US$1.25 a day. Stanidg this week

aid

@ntiruing over th€ nsn year or so, politicians and

tro) otfclars

ron

qdemnenb

and iniemalioi6r 6qenoies Mll meer ro

dd

up a

n4

Ist or

ta4eb

lo

edaelheM

ennrom Daveropm€nr coare (MDG.), whic,

rere

ser in s.plgmber 2000

aid rypt6

i.

201

5

Govemnenlo 3hoold adopi ae lhen main

n4

q@l lh e aim ot reducing by . norher br I on the

nunber of peopre rn erlreme poveny _{by 2030.}

Nobody in lhe developed

mdd

cones

€noiet

dN

lo rhe

pd€ny

Ewl

rhat

ust1.25

a

&y

at9

€p@.ts.

Ameaca 6

powly

line ls US$63 a day for a tamily of four ln rhe

ichq

pans _{ofthe smeeing}

mr

d US$4 a day G lhe

pov€d

b6rier aul pdedy s s6urg€ is Jt€@a bd@ US$1.25. P.opl.

bd@

fEr

l*l

live lives thal

ac

poor nast, brulish E.rd shorl Th ey Lack nol just €duo6t on, h.a th

€8,

prcper clorhing and she

lei

whioh most people ln most of rh.

rc

d Lke loi g _{€nted, but}

d€n

_€nougri iood ior physicar and menial hearth, Raisihg people _abore rhsr l€ver ofwetchedness is nol s sufficiont 120) anblton io. a prcspercos planet, but ll is a

necFery

one

Powl,

6ie5 sia.ied to @l

aps

t@ads

lhe

eid

ot rhe 20th enrury raryely

be€u$

d8v€lop

ng-@u nhy qrcwlh

a6eleEied,

lron

an a@rage

an.ua

€le

of 4.3% in 1 960,2000 Iro 6% in 2000- 1 0.

A.ound twelhirds ofp.venyrcduolionwlhin a@unlrycom€s tom _{OrcMh G€alerequatiry} atso h€tps, connibuting Ure olher lhnd. Chine is @sponsible lbr ihree{uaneE oflhe qlob€l achieven€nt in pov€ny

{?t

Gduct.n.

li.

emnomy ha6 been qr@ins so tast lnali even thoush

in.quan!

s dsi.o fa$,

encmg

pov.ny E disapp.€dng. china pon.d 630 mrLrron p.opre our ol misery in 1s31-2010 and @duced

E

6nr€m€-pov€ny rst€ lrom 34% in 1930 to 10% now

Thqt is one

@en

why it

wi

b6

hadd

to

t

k.

a birrion moe p&pte oul of enEme p.veny in lhe

ien

20

rea6

bai

it

ms

lo lake almosl a billion our in rh. past 20. FooGr

govehan€

in tndia and

ls)

Afi€,

the iext

&!

largeE,

n€ns

lhal china s

6xp.

6nce s unLikely

b

be swifrly

r€,ti€led

thee

An.$er

r4soi

is rhat the baG

aohi*menr

of pulling p€opre over lhe us$1

2ta-day

line has been Er.rivery easy in Ihe

p6r

t4

yea6 be€use so many p€opl€ _{wa€ jusi be}

tu

_{it. when sEMh m5ke6} rhom €ven 3lighlry b€ter

oll

ll hauls lhen over the line. wirh f€rer peop e _lust

bd*

lhe oticiat misdry limlr it wlll be moe

diff4rt

!r ,osh larce

iunbeF

rye. ir.

a35l

lfd€veoping@ntioBm.lntsnrhelmpesireglo

htheyhswman.g€dshe2OOO:itthepercst

@u

nfi*

5 E not lefr b€hind by

hslel{

bwing mldd e-hcode ones €nd ll in€qu altly

de.

n ot fide n so

]at l.he ich l.p u p al the c@ m of gb*lh---lhen developi.g countdss MUld cut

e{€me

poverly _trom

16%oithetpopulationsndlo3%by2030.ThatMurdEduetfeabsotut€numbeBbylbilion.That

is a lol ot ifs. Bul making tDs6 rhings happ€n is not as d lrtcutt as _ryniG

prcf*.

Th€

er

d

na

knds

31. Why

d*

ho aulhor op6i lh€

Fss.g€

vith a quoEtion

f6m

Narry

S

Truman?

{a)

Io

idtoduoe readeG to rh€ ropic of the

€)

To shaE Trum.n s vl3ron _{io eEdicate}

dleme

pderty.

(C) To ho p

BEd.E

undeGland Mllennium

Deve

op6.nl Go.ls

(D) To

sholEs.

rh€ bl niant

ida

of lhe

lomd

U S PEsidenl Harry S.

32. ,s.ording to the

p$s.96

rh€ followr.q 3Et.menl6 about en@me pd€rly .r€

lru.

(A)

Arouid 15% ot

rh.ro

d'6populaUons

wwith

lesslhan USl1.25a day.

(B)

_Wrhin rwo d€€d60. the

m dhs

decrcased lh6

Et.

of

e{rene

poveny bymoBrhan 2o%.

(C) Exlene

pd€.ry b .lmmr

ionaidenr

in

d€v€loplno @untries.

(D) lt i5 extbm€ly h.rd

b

rive wtu. an in@m.

lio

Mrd

\hich'

in line 11

Gf.B

ro

(O) Mlllonniun D*elopmonl G@ls WheE in

tF

la.sace

dc

tle

aulhor desdb€ dto

liv*

l€d by peoPe

rthg

in

A@rding to

fle

P*sagq

red@hq

6{.6@

!e.ty

in the

ien

$.

d@d6

i!

_9oln9 io be

(a)

lhe

mnd

s

Mnomy

hd

nol

bM

g@ing

:s

ldsr a5

in

F

p€ri

t6

{3)

lneE

ae

ld@

p@pre

ltp

llE _JGr onder

lhe

exlere

powny lhe.

{C) lh6 d€veloping

mdd

d@.

ml

hffi

lhe esou@E

i€€d.d

to

b.lt6 qtr€m.

(O) lidia and

ddn6

and

Alri€

haw

a@uitable

g*omenL.

Ille

md

'fiere' i. llie

16

60ld

best

b.

Edaed

by which otrhe

folr

ins?

37,

Aceding

lo

iF

passgo,

chin.

(A)

hss

.n impoia.t

Ft.

in reducins

[€

Ete

ot exlEme poveny

ii

tls mdd.

(B)

n€€ds io tur01r

lnprde

its

eftlE

b

dalic5l€

.xtreme

!@t

in

tlo

(c)

ha6

had.

su@33tu1.fiottg io

Fdue

exteme ln@m6

ii6qElity.

(D)

hss tak€n

rcE

rna. one mittion

pe.9t.

od ot

enEhe

poreny in le.s dr.n a

Sa.

nE

ioll4jig

ae

questioN

tt.r

dp

p€.egr

tr*

!o

ansr

FxcEPT

(A)

Why ha. china been

s!@isturii

cduqng

$e

Ele ol

exb6ft

p@dy

in

(B)

when do6.

t'e

wdd!

enEme

pdeny

.als sErr

b

d*Eas.

sb^rficanult (C) wnat b the powny Ele

ror. €mit

ol lbor

in rhe Unted

siat*

otAh6ri€?

(D) _{Who b} rhe

p.co

hat insotr.s the

rbrtd

to

$r

MilL€nnium Development

coatst

e,9. Which ol dE @rds below

h*

the oplosit€ me.nins lo $e

lold 'mised

.

line 33?

90, lhe

allhorc

afiilude

lMd

Bmidsgo.lio

Edu€

p@rty

rs geneEl y

A number of

studi*

have evea ed rhat wh.n

re

sutrer

fom edain

psych. ooicat a

tmenls-lone

in*s,

$ciarisoraion, serf-doubl

n€$fv6

mod, and tle tb€ting rhal tre is

meaiingtesH@G

gi.

*

n acl as a coping me.naiish. Suoh ailm€nls cm

€lse

lhe mind ro sin $ bugh ls €che ot

msmod*,

U6

summoningupfDsewlthapani@lanar€li€sign.lue

ReseaEheGanalyzedhundedsofnostegic 15]

Munls

andioLndthallheyrypsy,batrGd,atr'tycrdreros,.

T\e @nc oarl

d6cnb

q9 _{ll-e memo-y w.s}

drd

.lr,cv!

_{tl-e prohgo}

qeiedlly

one ol r€dedption: €l fiGt, condlt ons may have seemen

gim

o. hopetess. b'n eventua y thi.gs @re

lw

wd

in s

lswEbl.

anding. Thbugh nosta gia, the.es€archeG ctaihed, ve bdng baok

lo lhe suds@ eMdoncs of p6sl triumphs and

crce

retationships, tmes when our tiv€s re I sate and

To illumiruts nostalgk's rc|.

*

an emotonai bufie'i Ctay Rourtedge, a psycho ogisr and idslatgia Gearcnerat Nodh oakob srais uniy66iry, .nd other

€*arche€

an€mpted k) d€sr.b llE r,5e r subjects s€nse of sef. PanicipsnE t@k

t$ls

rhat courd be orrecljvery cha@ler zed as psycho ogtca y dabolijar

parorT19ralh

n

Drbli

eadrcaressayd6'gnedlop!r'oree)srert,a.ngsrardDargrodhcl

rrt)

daramtrB01.p.M1.xrysua.y

d'caGd -eyrcidr'keryeidLpabrandrrrdveo rrsonsol

th€ €xpenments,

tle

.ubjecls who had been made lo feol insign

ri€nl

or desl ned tor zbandonment Gponed iee rnq 3

qnifi€dry

more nosta sio lhan rhose who had n

t

h olher srud

€s

part c panrs

ree

prcm pr6d io €vok€ a nGtBqid memory befoE or

ju{

aner hav n9 lhen sense or sell assa ed. Tha subj€.ls eho indug€d in a nGtargic.eminisoenoe Gpoded f.e ins sisn tjcantv tess srr€ssed,

l*s

120)

d€tonsi€

3 nd mor. sociarry 6u ppoted and oontenl lhan rheft non hosiatgic ddu nterparls

Th.t

nosi.lgi5

drd

be a

su@

ot menkt resitien@

.nd

morivation diGct y chaLtenges

etuin

criiics nodon of fie senljment as p6Errzing, a hadinger of cuitu Bt stagnation ,

lr is exacity rh€ opposlie,,

consbnliie

sedlkldes, a psycholog sr and nogr.lgia exp€d at rhe

uniyersv

of sou$ampron sard. "wh en you becone n6raEic, you don r b€@me pa sr-orienled _You

Mil

b

₉₀ oul rher6 a nd do thing 6.' r25) lf !1e€ ls a

p6ier

popu laton for noshls ia's self-Eg ulalo _ry efrect3, t is ch na s

rsreighris

@h

or

a3

rhenatonsirctg€na€ijonofonryohildren

{hina

insriruted its

on*htd

poucy

n1979-rho

Dosr-€ighi$

a re p €d spGed _to loi _e he65. Ihey _{oame ot ag€ in tand€m with china s} irrnsiron _{ro a}

rc€

m.6t-b$€d6conomy,.lareturslrokeortiminsthoughlhichrh6yrereeolisledasinvotunEry

r,€ lb

*€rc,

task.d eirh delinrno wnal it freans !o be b.ih mod€m and

chin*e

wh

e then paGnrs 130)

E€

v€d sL16{ppo nt€d _{faclory iob6 and oovemme} nlsu bsidized hous

ns

rh ey were enduGoed tD

puEU. rh. r dE.m3 .m d3t

.

lructuar nq 3@rar sl4cture ujlh

fw

detined paths

Nw

in lh6n lal€

nr.nri*

or

eny

thinjes, the post+ishties arc

qtng

lo navigate a desotaie job

market otten es

fE

solo lin€ncial

pdideB

for borh the r dhirdrcn and lhe r parenrs (as is chin.

t

cusrdfr

)

lianylefr

drenrudhomelomsforlhomorcprcspebGcitlesonlybfacvicbus@mpetition

t35t

it

s@rce wh

te{olld

jobs. To vle lor s@rl promolio ns, lh.y

m*

eleven-hod r days and ensase in

brulalollice politcs. ?dd to

allolthis

udan

owrcwding,

unpreced€nlad pollutlon anda bamse of

fediaiely

scandals and lhe

r6!(ii9

stess presenis an onslaught ol nosla gia s known psychotoqioat

liogeE. xinyue zhou, a psydloldgist at sun Yatsen unlveG'ly in Gugngzhou whos.

esea(h

has demonstEled nosb gla's abil ly !o bolster a sense of

$oial

@nn6ct6dn€ss 6mon9 a diveGe crcss, rrol seclld. or c l^ inese cilte

$

said, 'The u 1@nair ty rhe lacl ol

@rrbl

d€r

or

r've

s

.

mosr u

tea'able

ro lr^e

po-r+ig\tcs

s

*e

r-ave lo s

91

What is the ma n ido5 of lh€

pa*ag.?

(A)

Noslagia idpedes developdent and

ceai*

cuhnar.tagnadon.

(B)

Research has

sh

n

$dnsLlsia s.n

hdulqence lor the teeble hinded.

(c)

Th€r. aG a va'iety or reasons whlch

make noslalsia benet

c:l

to humans.

(D) \Er ous structoE

chansestrsseEda

*nse

of lonellness in post4ighlios

92. Accodrng lo lhe pqssage, the ibllow ng

sLtsm€nG about no6iarqia are lrue EXcEPT

(A)

Peoele lend lo be moE noslalsic when

lhey pefteive thenselves as

G)

When peop e arc rem niscing, iney alMys see thefrserves as Lbe vi lains (C) When people

ae

noslalsio,lt d@s not

necesedly m€an that tMy

a€

(D)

Nosi6lsia can crear€

.

snse

or

ods

and

sahty in peop € with @d. n psycholq

a

al me.ls.

03. Which of lh€ fol owlng

rcdB

could b€6t

WEI

ia lh6 inding of Rouu€dg€ and

@lle.gu.s

study on ncralgia?

(A)

N.sr€lgio Bminisceice willonly bdng

Dosifve erfecG on

oe

aldcs.

(s)

People who

und.4odaboli-l

6xp€nsn@ tend to leel l.slon

fert

(C) Peop e qho

ree

abandoned as ch

ldcn

lend io avold Bmin

*ing

lheir

(D)

Subj.clsdo

ndurg€d

ii

n6rar9i.

€laimed lo reel berbr than

$M

who

96. A.@dlns

i!

lhe passaqe, _sediklde.

bdi.@

(A)

Nostalqia could n.var b€ €

$urc.

of @mtod and moliv:lion lor many

(B)

Pmpre who ar€

nsralgi.

do noi

lhiik

fr.l

lhc past is

beftr

than $e

nil06

lq

rhe

hability ro go out and to

be.cliv.

is

rh€ 3id€

.fi€.r

of nGhlgia

(D) NosLlgia @uld cause

me

alpaElysls

r.

17.

!4/fiy.e

the Chln6$

!e.ob lno

EE

boh

.fhr

1973 suscepible id

ronerin*?

( )

B.€G.ln.y

ftE

b.m

witblt

a,'y

brcth.E .nd sisteE.

(B)

Be€use

t'6y

hav€ lo @mpst

!.r@busly tor a bethr lMno

6ndtirn.

(C)

g.euse

lhey

ae rapon.lde

ror lne

p@p.rily

.nd hsld1 ot lh€ir

prEnE.

(D)

Be!*

Sr.y

he

to slruggle for

$.n

dr€6s

adid the ch@tic arrucllFr

or.

wtl

which ol lhe loll@ing alaiemenb

muld

fE

.ulhor prcb.bly

.grs?

(A)

china s post-eighiies cohod is

a[

.x@ll6nt example of e qe.e€tion

itut

b.n.fLls from

n6hl9ia.

(a)

zhou

beri46

thal

p*l4ighli6s

chl|@

ae

noslaErc

b-aue

th€y .ro

s*kinq

con$lation ibr then srcsslul

(o

rt r. no ronqer 6

chinse

coerom ror lno

ord€st child in

. f.m

y ro tak6

eBof

(D)

rr is re

atilet

easy for china s posG eighriEs cohort ro ind whit€ @rlar jobs

SO.

Wich

ol

ih.

mds

below has ih€ oppGilo m..n ing lo lh o

wod

'vicious in lne 3,1?

ioo.The@d'sie

n

li.e

35 could be.t be

r.pr.{d

by which ol !1€

iorldins?

16. A.@lding Io lhe passase, China s

p6l-(A)

aB

nM

in lh€ir fod es and fifiies.

(B)

aE seltul$iplined and hLohly

mol[ai.d.

(C)

ae

frosuy llvhg oubide

tl.ir

hom.towns

(Dl

_{a@ di.@uEoad lrom}

lucuins

thoir