Akses dan Kesenjangan Digital

(1)

Akses dan Kesenjangan Digital

(2)

Area Diskusi

• _{Kesenjangan Digital}

▫ Broadband ▫ Seluler

▫ Literasi

• Ruang Publik

(3)

Kesenjangan Digital, Didefinisikan

• _{Kesenjangan antara mereka yang}

(4)

• Menurut Inpres No.3 Tahun 2003, disebutkan bahwa digital divide adalah keterisolasian dari perkembangan global karena tidak mampu memanfaatkan informasi.

• Kesenjangan ini akan berpengaruh kepada percepatan pembangunan di Indonesia.

• Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh

International Telecommunication Union (ITU),

(5)

• Disini bisa kita lihat, bahwa kemajuan suatu bangsa di masa yang akan datang ditentukan dari tingkat adopsi pita lebar (broadband adoption) serta konsumsi konten digital (digital content consumption).

• Salah satu aspek penting dalam mengatasi digital divide adalah infrastruktur telekomunikasi.

(6)

Kesenjangan Digital :

Lebih dari stereotip

Contoh:

▫ Indonesia : Akses broadband pedesaan / perkotaan

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Broadband : Apa itu??

(8)

Broadband: FCC

• Home broadband users are those who said they used any one of the following technologies to

access the internet from home:

▫ cable modem

▫ a DSL-enabled phone line

▫ fixed wireless

▫ satellite,

▫ a mobile broadband wireless connection for your computer or cell phone

(9)

Broadband: Kecepatan

• _{US speeds lag the world}

▫ DSL rata-rata setengah megabit per detik ▫ Kabel rata-rata 1.5 megabits per detik

▫ Canada: 5-10 megabits per detik

(10)

Akses Broadband : Definisi USA

• FCC mendefinisikan “akses broadband” berdasarkan kode pos

▫ If there is one subscriber in a 5-digit zip code, the FCC assumes that everyone in the zip code has access

▫ If there are two providers, FCC assumes

competition -- even though generally people have either DSL or cable access

(11)

Broadband: USA Posisi Global

• Denmark leads the G7 group of industrialized

countries in broadband penetration per 100 people (OECD)

▫ 2001: US ranked 4th in the 30 OECD nations ▫ 2008: US ranked 15th

• Pew: “our broadband access tends to be slower and less capable than that of a number of other nations, but the lack of solid data from the federal government makes this hard to quantify.” (InfoWeek)

(12)

Broadband: Kesenjangan Pedesaan /

Perkotaan

• _{The problem: kepadatan penduduk}

▫ 25% population; 75% land mass

• Kita menghadapi masalah ini dengan listrik dan telepon: hasilnya adalah listrik pedesaan dan

koperasi telepon, pinjaman pemerintah yang diberikan (semua dilunasi)

• WiMax mungkin “fix”

(13)

(14)

Cell Towers

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Mobile: USA di Posisi Global

• _{New York Times columnist Thomas L.}

Friedman, Aug 2005: (tongue-in-check)

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Mobile: Teknologi US

• _{In Europe, gov’t standardized on GSM}

• _{In US, gov’t was “hands off”, let the market}

decide

▫ Late 2000s, transition began to GSM (AT&T/Cingular)

(17)

Mobile: Gambaran Global

• _{GSM is the fastest growing communications}

technology of all time (cite) ▫ 85% of the global market

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Mobile: Menghubungkan Dunia

• _{Mobile Internet (which definition?):}

▫ Browsing Internet from mobile device

▫ Accessing Internet from a mobile network

• Taiwan: more mobile phones than people! ▫ Leapfrog technology (wireless v wired)

(19)

Mobile: Asia

• "We want to make the mobile phone a Swiss Army knife that can do anything for you," China Mobile chief executive officer Wang Jianzhou to

BusinessWeek.

• Japan, South Korea, Australia, Taiwan, and Hong Kong are the leaders in mobile convergence

• Contributing cultural issues:

▫ Commuting patterns

▫ Minimal private spaces

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Mobile: Konvergensi

• _{US lags the world due to competing “standards”}

for how the data (voice) is transmitted; has led to slower adoption

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Literasi Global

(1/3)

• Isu lain : literasi

▫ Many definitions -- makes it difficult to compare data

• UN Data, literacy rate,15-24 year olds ▫ Afghanistan, 34%

(22)

Literasi Global

(2/3)

• United Nations Literacy Decade (2003-2012)

▫ _{2000: one in five adults aged 15+ was illiterate}

 _{Women: two out of three illiterate adults.}

▫ _{2000: about 70 per cent of the world’s illiterate}

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Literasi Global

(3/3)

• _{For internet access to be beneficial, literacy is a}

necessary condition

• This is where TV has an “advantage” in oral cultures

▫ But TV promotes consumerism and requires media literacy skills to effectively decode

commercial messages

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Kesenjangan Digital adalah …

• _{… lebih kompleks daripada mengembangkan}

dunia vs dunia berkembang

• Bagaimana hal ini berhubungan, khususnya, teknologi & masyarakat?