JOURNAL OF GREEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Comparison of Pile Bearing Capacity Based on
Standard Penetration Test
(SPT), Hydraulic Static Pile Driven (HSPD), and Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA)
Test in The Project of Flyover Antapani
–
Bandung
Retno Wulansari*, Saihul Anwar **
*) Mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati Cirebon
**) Staf Pengajar pada Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati Cirebon
ABSTRACT
The pile foundation is one of a kind of deep foundation that serves to funnel structural loads to
hard soil layers that have a high carrying. The purpose of this study was to calculate the bearing capacity
of piles.
Based on SPT data obtained and calculated by Mayerhoff method at point BH-01 Qult =
259,992 tons, at point BH-02 Qult = 258,234 tons, and at point BH-03 Qult = 279.586 tons, with HSPD
data obtained based on reading dial pressure manometer tool is approximately from 178,365 tons -
186,120 tons, whereas with PDA obtained based on RMX value on PDA test is about 124 tons - 225 tons.
The results of the calculation of bearing capacity there are differences in values, both from the
use of calculation methods and the location of points reviewed. From the results of the calculation can be
concluded that the big highets bearing capacity the pile is values of SPT. In values of HSPD and PDA is
relative same because the method using similar method (hydraulic and wave method).
(HSPD), and Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) Test in The Project of Flyover Antapani – Bandung
1. PRELIMINARY
The pile foundation is one of a kind of deep foundation that serves to funnel structural loads to hard soil layers that have a high carrying. The pile foundation has two ways to support the load of end bearing pile and friction pile. The end bearing pile is a pile whose support capacity is more determined by the pile end resistance. Generally, the bearing end piles differ in soft soil zones that are in the hard soil. The piles are stuck until they reach the hard soil. While the pile of friction is a pile whose support capacity is more determined by the friction resistance (Hardiyatmo, H.C, 2011).
Factors that affect the difference coefficient value is the soil properties are not homogeneous so as to produce many ways in the calculation of bearing capacity. PDA test and SPT test have been done at Flyover Antapani - Bandung, the value of
1.2. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES
2. Purpose is:
a. For details on foundation that will be used in
flyover Antapani – Bandung.
b. To determine the strength of the load contained
in Antapani flyover - the duo had entered the safe criteria or not.
3. Objectives is:
a. Analyzing to difference the values of SPT,
HSPD, and PDA test in Foundation.
b. Calculate the bearing capacity of pile
foundation.
c. The validation and correlation the data.
1.2. LIMITATION PROBLEMS
In the thesis will explain the problems, and this is the limitation of problem as follows:
a. Only calculated the bearing capacity based
SPT, Hydraulic Static Pile Driven, and PDA test of Foundation.
b. Not calculated the plan budget (RAB)
c. Comparison of pile bearing based HSPD, SPT,
and PDA.
1.3. FLOWCHART
Figure 1.1 Flowchart
2. THEORITICAL BASIS 2.1 THE DEFINITION OF SOIL
Soil on natural conditions, consisting of a mixture of mineral granules with or without organic matter content. The granules can be easily separated from one another with a whisk water. This material comes from the weathering of rocks, physically and chemically.
2.2 DEFINITION OF SOIL INVESTIGATION
2.3 DEFINITION OF FOUNDATION
The foundation is a part of the construction of buildings that serves to place the building and continue the distributed load of the upper structure to the ground base strong enough foundation held without the occurrence of differential settlement on the system structure. To select the type of foundation is adequate, to consider whether it is suitable foundation for a variety of circumstances on the soil and whether the foundation was allowed to be solved economically in accordance with the work schedule.
The following points need to be considered in choosing the type of foundation:
1. The state of foundation soil
2. The limits due to construction on it (upper
structure)
3. Circumstances surrounding area locations
4. Sturdy, rigid and strong.
.
2.4 PILE FOUNDATION
The pile foundation is construction parts made of wood, concrete, or steel, which is used to pass (transmit) burdens surface to levels lower surface in soil mass (Bowles, J. E., 1991). The weight of the building and the work load is at a very deep layer of surface soil depth of> 8 m (Bowles, J. E., 1991).
2.5 BEARING CAPACITY BASED ON SPT
The SPT method is a method of using a rod rod (which has a pointing tip) into the ground using a hammer blow and for measuring the number of penetration penetration points. This method has been standardized as ASTMD 1586 since 1958 with periodic revisions to this day. And calculated the data using the Mayerhoff Method.
a. The bearing capacity of pile foundation ends bearing on cohesive and non-cohesive soils with SPT data:
Qp = 40 * N-SPT * Li/D * Ap
b. Resistence Strength of skin friction pile on non cohesive soil:
(HSPD), and Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) Test in The Project of Flyover Antapani – Bandung
Figure 2.1 Mayerhoff Table
2.6 BEARING CAPACITY BASED ON HSPD
Hidraulyc Jacking System is the tool a method of fixing the piles using hydraulic mechanism, the system consists of a hydraulic ram which is placed parallel to the pile to be put up, where to hit the pylon placed a mechanism in the form of plate suppressant that is on top of the mast also placed a holder mechanism (grip) pile, then the pile is pressed into the soil, without sound, without a blow, and without vibration. Placement of hydraulic pressure systems that compound and clamped on two sides of the pile caused stake point position obtained sufficient precision and accuracy. For loading, placed concrete blocks or iron plates on both sides of the assignment pads tools adapted to the required load pile.
Figure 2.2 Hydraulic Jack in System
Figure 2.3 During Construction (the dial
pressure)
Calculation of bearing capacity
capacity of pile foundation on emphasis based on manometer readings available at stake. The bearing capacity of the pile foundation can be calculated by the formula:
Pult = Manometer during construction (Mpa)
* values the (assumption from convertion the Mpa values)
Bearing capacity based on hydraulic jack in system manometer reading with capacity of 200 tons:
Q = Dial Pressure Machine (Mpa) * 7.755 (Ton)
When:
1 Mpa for this machine: 7.755 ton (assumption from the PT. Mitra Pondasi Tama)
2.7 BEARING CAPACITY BASED ON PDA
PDA is a system consisting of a computer
electronic device and equipped with
accordance with ASTM D 4945-96. The tested pile is already stuck, the test is done with a restrike or redrive. Restrike stopped after having obtained good recording quality with relatively high hit energy. Further analysis can use CAPWAP.
Figure 2.4 Pile Driving Analyzer
Figure 2.5 Ilustration the PDA test
Code Information
BN Blow
RMX Bearing Capacity (ton)
FMX Maximum compressive force (ton) CTN Maximum tensile force (ton) EMX Energy transferred (tonm)
DFN Permanent settelment (mm) STK High falls of hammer (m) BPM Blow/minutes
BTA Value of pile integrity
LE Length of pile under instrument (m) LP Length embedded (m)
AR Area of pile (cm2)
Figure 2.6 Table the Parameters of PDA test
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 TYPES AND SOURCES OF THE DATA
a. Primary data is the main data obtained
directly from the project site and this data can be taken by students without going through an intermediary. So this data is the original data observed in the field.
b. Secondary data is data obtained indirectly
from the project site, but there is an
intermediary or documents, pictures,
archives related to the location.
3.2 COLLECTING DATA METHOD
To achieve the aims and objectives of this study, several stages are considered necessary and outlined as follows:
The first stage is to review and study the
literature on text boox and journals related to the pile foundation, the problems on the pile foundation, with the design and implementation of the pile foundation.
The second stage is the review and learning project. And the data obtained are as follows:
1. Data bore hole at the point reviewed
2. Data of SPT results
3. Laboratory Data, and Soil Profile
4. PDA data simply
The fourth stage is to conduct data analysis
(HSPD), and Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) Test in The Project of Flyover Antapani – Bandung
The fifth stage is to conduct an analysis of
the count done and make a conclusion
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the author will apply the method of calculation of bearing capacity which has been conveyed in chapter II. The carrying capacity of the pole shall be calculated by using SPT data and comparing calculations with the carrying capacity with the HSPD system and the PDA value.
Figure 2.7 Ilustration the point of pile
foundation
which the execution that test
No Working Point Data PDA
which the execution that test
9 Pier 3 number 64 186.120
10 Pier 3 number 67 178.365
4.1 THE DIFFERENT VALUES OF Qult
Working
4.2 ANALYSIS CORRELATION
SPSS is one of the first statistical software created in 1968. When first created this software is operated on mainframe computers, until finally publisher McGraw-Hill publish user manual SPSS.
No Working Point Correlation
(HSPD), and Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) Test in The Project of Flyover Antapani – Bandung
4.3 DISCUSSION
Analysis of bearing capacity of pile at Antapani Flyover Project - Bandung is to know the bearing capacity of the pile. The amount of carrying capacity obtained from field data calculated using empirical formula from Mayerhoff and data from dynamic data based on HSPD and PDA data get different values.
With the difference in Qult's value we can compare. the magnitude of the difference can be calculated by statistical analysis between the difference of numbers, namely the correlation and reabiltas validation test. In this thesis the authors analyze it by using SPSS software and data obtained will be read and the result must be close to 1 to know that the data is valid. relative has the hightest value, while the results of PDA and HSPD has a relatively similar value due to using the method of dynamics (Hydraulic and Wave).
b. The different Qultimate can be caused from the
specification soil, soil types which the different distance the closest one even at the location is can be caused differences in soil conditons thus affecting the bearing capacity.
c. A significant level given the symbol p or
α symbol is expressed in proportion or valid or fairly small error rate.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
1.
Before doing calculation we should getcomplete technical data, because the data is very supportive in making the calculation analysis in accordance with the conditions
2.
More thorough in carrying out testingboth in the use equipment and reading the result contained in some test
equipment, so the possibility of
inaccuracy of numbers is getting smaller
3.
For further research the amount of databeing evaluated needs to be added to get better results
4.
Other than that the method used shouldbe more so far comparison more and more again to compare
5.
Besides the empirical analysis needs tobe made in a computer programming to speed up the calculation process and as a tool used for correction when by manual there is a mistake that is not seen.
REFERENCE
BUKU PEDOMAN PENYUSUNAN SKRIPSI PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL 2015. The University of Swadaya
Gunung Jati, Cirebon.
http://www.soiltest.sienconsultant.com/ (Accessed on 14 June 2017)
http://civ05.blogspot.co.id/2012/06/strukt ur-organisasi-dan-uraian-tugas.html (Accessed on 08 Augustus 2016)
Library of Technic Faculty, Skripsi (S1), Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon.
Bowles, E. Joseph. October 1992.
Analisis Desain dan Pondasi Edisi Keempat Jilid
2. Indonesia: Erlangga.
Hardiyatmo, Hary Christady. Mekanika
Tanah 2 Edisi 5.Indonesia: UGM
https://www.academia.edu/7674699/MET ODE_PENYELIDIKAN_DAN_PENGUJIAN_T ANAH (Accessed on 03 Augustus 2017)
http://www.perencanaanstruktur.com/201 1/05/seluk-beluk-pondasi-tiang-pancang.html (Accessed on 06 July 2017)
https://www.academia.edu/1639283/Anali sis_Daya_Dukung_Pondasi_Tiang_Pancang_Tun ggal_Pada_Proyek_Pembangunan_PLTU_2_Sum atera_Utara_2_X_200_MW_Pangkalan_Susu_Su matera_Utara?auto=download (Accessed on 21 July 2017)
