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t imple present yang mengekspresikan waktu keakanan dapa tmenimbulkan n a r u t a i a y n u p m e m k u t n e b p a it e s a n e r a k a w s i s a h a m a r a p i g a b n a h a l a s a m r e p -n a s a t a b n a d n a r u t
a -batasannya masing-masing . Para mahasiswa mengalam i a p e t g n a y k u t n e b n a k a n u g g n e m m a l a d n a h a l a s a m r e
p tdalamkailmat-kailmat .Para n a r u t a i m a h a m e m s u r a h a w s i s a h a
m -aturan dan batasan-batasan dar i masing -k u t n e b g n i s a
m tense ek akanan untuk dapa tmemproduks ibentuk-bentuk yang t a m il a k m a l a d t a p e
t -kailma.t j u tr e b i n i i d u t
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d will , be going to , d an the simple present yang u t k a w n a k i s e r p s k e g n e
m keakanan dengan t epa tdalam kailma -tkailmat? ,dan (2 ) k u t n e b n a k a n u g g n e m m a l a d a k e r e m n a ti l u s e k b a b e y n e p n a n i k g n u m e k a j a s a p A -k u t n e
b keakanandengant epat?
i n i i d u t s m a l a d n a k a n u g i d t a k g n i s n a b a w a j k u t n e b m a l a d s a g u t h a u b e S n a a y n a tr e p b a w a j n e m k u t n u a k g n a t a fi s r e b a t a d n a k l u p m u g n e m k u t n
u peneilitan
a w s i s a h a m m a n e h u l u p m a n e h a l a d a i n i i d u t s n a p i s it r a p a r a P . a m a tr e p g n a y a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U , s ir g g n I a s a h a B n a k i d i d n e P i d u t S m a r g o r P a g it e k r e t s e m e s g n a y a w s i s a h a m s a l e b e s p a d a h r e t a r a c n a w a w n a k a r a g g n e l e y n e m s il u n e P . a m r a h D i s a p i s it r a p r e b h a l e
t dalam mengis ituga suntuk menjawab petranyaan peneilitan . a u d e k g n a y a p a r e b e b n a k u m e n e m s il u n e p , n a k l u p m u k i d h a l e t g n a y a t a d n a k r a s a d r e B a d a , a m a tr e P . l a
h 20.98% mahasiswa yang membuat j awaban yang salah dalam n a k a n u g g n e
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d be going t o + i n ifniitve ,dan 66.06% mahasiswa membua t n a k a n u g g n e m m a l a d h a l a s g n a y n a b a w a
j the simple present yang u t k a w n a k i s e r p s k e g n e
m keakanan . l i s a h s i s il a n a n a k r a s a d r e b , a u d e
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it keakanan dengan tepat . Pemahamam yang kurang dar ipara ir o e t i a n e g n e m a w s i s a h a
m -teor ikeitga itpe kala waktu keakanan dengan tepa t h a l a s a m r e p u t a s n a k a p u r e
m an yang signiifkan dalam menggunakan bentuk -n a h a l a s a m r e p i r a d a u d e k b a b e y n e p n a n i k g n u m e K . t u b e s r e t u t k a w a l a k a g it k u t n e b k u t n e b n a k a n u g g n e m m a l a
-x i n
a s a t a b n a d n a r u t
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s g n a b m e k r e
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a l a d a a w s i s a h a m a r a p n h a l a s a m r e
p fakt -or fakto r dar i lua r para mahasiswa .t
x
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C A
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w .
d u ti t a r g t s e p e e d y m s s e r p x e o t e k il d l u o w
I e yto m thesis advisor Mrs .
. d P . M , i n a jl u M o n t e R . r
D fo rhe r itme ,paitence ,guidance ,and encouragement
n
i ifnishing my study . Isincerely send my gratefulness t o my academic advisor
o y t e s a r P i d r a H . g
A , .SPd. ,M A. r. fo h isinsights ,guidanceandmo itvaiton . Iam
o t l u f k n a h
t al l lecturer so f Engilsh Language Educa iton Study Program
) P S E L E
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e l e e h t o t s e o g e d u ti t a r g t s e b y
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n u t a y i r S . D .
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a suppo tr. My grattiude also goe sto my brother ,Y .Eko Andrianto fo rhi s
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A , Maria Herilna , Lucia Sekar W. , Emmanuella
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ii x
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
E G A P E L T I
T ... i .. S
E G A P L A V O R P P
A ... ii E
G A P N O I T A C I D E
D ... vi Y
T I L A N I G I R O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T
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C A R T S B
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K A R T S B
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T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
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T N E T N O C F O E L B A
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E L B A T F O T S I
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E C I D N E P P A F O T S I
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N O I T C U D O R T N I .I R E T P A H
C ... 1 .... .
A ResearchBackground ... 1 .
B ProblemFormulaiton ... 4 .
C ProblemLimtiaiton ... 4 .
D ResearchObjecitves ... 5 .
E ResearchBeneftis ... 6 .
F Deifniitono fTerms ... 7
R E T P A H
C II. REVIEWOFRELATEDLITERATURE ... 9 .
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1 TheEngilshTenseSystem... 9 .... .
2 Futurtiyi nEngilsh... 01 .
3 Futurtiyi nEngilshUsingWil /l S llha ... 11 .
a W Sli/l hal last he‘ Pure ’Future .
ii i x .
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a Begoingt oUsef orI nteniton .
b Begoingt o Usef o rPrediciton .
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6 AReviewo fRelatedStudy ... 21 .. .
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R E T P A H
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D DataGathe irngTechnique... 8....2 .
E DataAnalysi sTechnique... 29 .
F ResearchProcedure... 32
R E T P A H
C VI . RESEARCHRESULTSANDFINDINGS... 33 .
A DataPresentaiton ... 33 .
B Discussion ... 46
R E T P A H
C V. CONCLUSIONSANDSUGGESTIONS ... 73 .
A Conclusions ... 73 .
B Suggesitons ... 75
S E C N E R E F E
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E C I D N E P P
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v x
S E C I D N E P P A F O T S I L
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y ll a i c e p s e y a m y tl u c if fi d e h T . ) e g a u g n a l e v it a n ’ s r e n r a e l e h t f o t a h t o t d e r a p m o c (
a s a h a B e l p m a x e r o f , e g a u g n a l e v it a n e h t n i s e s n e t f o e c n e s b a e h t y b d e s u a c e b
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k n a m l l a y b d o o t s r e d n u y ll a s r e v i n u s i t p e c n o
, s u h T . e m it f o t p e c n o c e h t g n i s s e r p x e f o s y a w t n e r e f fi d e v a h y a m e g a u g n a l h c a e t n e r e f fi d n i y r a v s e s n e t “ s A . e m it f o e c n e r e f e r c it s i u g n il n w o s ti s a h e g a u g n a l h c a e n e r e f fi d e r a s e s n e t h s il g n E , ) 9 7 . p , 5 7 9 1 , y b n r o H ( ” s e g a u g n a
l tf romt ense so fothe r
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u on future tense sbecause the wrtie rview stha tfuture tense sare
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t e s may be somewha t confusing in usage .
e h t , s e s n e t h s il g n E f o s d n i k o w t r e h t o e h t m o r f t n e r e f fi d e r a y e h t , r e v o e r o M . e s n e t t s a p d n a t n e s e r p y l n o d a h h s il g n E , y ll a c ir o t s i H . s e s n e t t s a p d n a t n e s e r p r e tt a p e s n e t e r u t u f h c u s o n s a w e r e h t , h s il g n E d l O e h t e c n i
S n( House& Harman ,
e h T . e m it e r u t u f e t a c i d n i o t e s n e t t n e s e r p e h t d a h h s il g n E d l O e h T . ) 2 2 1 . p , 0 5 9 1 t n e s e r
p -day Engilsh has ,in fact ,severa lway sto expres sfuturtiy .Unilke the
s u o H ( m r o f b r e v l a n o it c e lf n i e h t y l n o e v a h t a h t s m r o f e s n e t t s a p d n a t n e s e r
p e &
e h t h tr o f ll a c e m it e r u t u f g n i s s e r p x e n i s m r o f s u o ir a v e h t ,) 3 2 1 . p , 0 5 9 1 , n a m r a H e h t e b o t r e d r o n i m r o f h c a e g n i s u n i l u f e r a c e r o m e b o t s r e n r a e l h s il g n E r o f d e e n e r u t u f e s o h T . g n it ir w r o g n i k a e p s f o t x e t n o c r o n o it a u ti s h c a e r o f e n o e l b a ti u s f e s n e
t orm sare wli/lsha ll + in ifniitve ,be going to + in ifniitve , the presen t
t n e s e r p e l p m i s e h t ,) s u o u n it n o c ( e v i s s e r g o r p e r u t u f , e s n e t ) s u o u n it n o c ( e v i s s e r g o r p , e s n e
g n a L h s il g n E e h t ,s e s n e t e h t f o s s e c o r p g n i n r a e l e h t g n ir u
D uageEducaiton
e h t g n i s u n i y lr a l u c it r a p , s m e l b o r p e c a f y a m s t n e d u t s ) P S E L E ( m a r g o r P y d u t S s i h T . e c n e t n e s h c a e f o d e d n a m e d s t x e t n o c s u o ir a v e h t e ti p s e d , m r o f e r u t u f r e p o r p f o e s u e h t h ti w l a e d y ll a i c e p s e y a m m e l b o r
p will ,begoingt o and simplepresen t
p x
e ressing f uture itme .Learner smay f aceconfusion which i st heproperf orm t o
y l p p a o t m e e s y e h t , tl u s e r e h t s a d n a , d e s u e
b wli lto expres sfuture itme o fal l
d e w e i v r e t n i e n o y b d e m ri f n o c s i ti s a , s e c n e t n e s n i s t x e t n o c r o s n o it a u ti s f o s d n i k s i h T . t n e d u t
s interviewee stated tha tshe wa salway sconfused which wa sthe
d e s u s y a w l a e h s , e c n e H . t x e t n o c n i a tr e c a r o f e s n e t e r u t u f f o m r o f r e p o r
p wli lto
s ’ r e ti r w e h t s e s a e r c n i n o n e m o n e h p s i h T . e m it e r u t u f f o s t x e t n o c l l a s s e r p x e t n e d u t s e h t g n ir e v o c s i d n i t s e r e t n
i s ’problems i n using prope rfuture t enseform s
. y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S f o s t n e d u t s P S E L E e h t f o f o n o it a ri m d a e h t h g u o h t n e v
E wli lseem sto be dominaitng ,the ELESP
r e t s a m o t r e d r o n i d e r a p e r p e b d l u o h s , s e t a d i d n a c r e h c a e t e h t s a , s t n e d u t s o n k t n e i c if f u
s wledge o fthe approp irate use o fkind so ffuture forms .Besides ,
f o s r e n r a e l/ s r e k a e p s e v it a n t o n e r a s t n e d u t s a m r a h D a t a n a S f o P S E L E e h t e c n i s h s il g n E f o s r e n r a e l r e h t o h c a e t n i a g a e c n o y a m y e h t , t e y , e g a u g n a l h s il g n E c n a tr o p m i e h t e s a e r c n i e s e h t , e g a u g n a
l e o fmaste irng t henatura lnuance sof t he
e b y a m y e h t , e c a f s e v l e s m e h t y e h t m e l b o r p e h t d n a t s r e d n u y e h t e c n O . e s n e t e r u t u f . r e t a l s t n e d u t s n w o r i e h t e s u f n o c o t t o n d e p o h e r u t u f f o s m r o f f o s d n i k e e r h t s e s s u c s i d y l n o r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t n I . s n o i s s e r p x
e They are will + in ifniitve ,be going to + in ifniitve ,and the simple
t n e s e r p e h t n i e s a e r c n i y l d i p a r e m it e r u t u f g n i s s e r p x e n i s e s u r i e h t s a ) e n
o -day
i s e h t e li h w , h s il g n
E mplepresentt enseuse ,ont heconrtary ,becomesl essf requen t
1 . p , 6 7 9 1 ,r e k k e W
( -2) .Moreove,r t hef ristt wof orm sseemedt obeconfusingi fa
s e ir a d n u o b d n a s e l u r f o t p e c n o c r e p o r p e h t d n e h e r p m o c t o n s e o d r e n r a e
l o feach
e s e r p e l p m i s e h t , e li h w n a e M . m r o
f ntf o rexpressingf uture itmemaybeconfusing
e l p m i s g n i s u s e c n e t n e s f o s e l p m a x e g n i d n if d n a s e l u r e h t g n i n r a e l e r o f e B . ll e w s a
e h t t a h t d e w e i v , n e v e , r e ti r w e h t ,s t n e v e r o s n o it c a e r u t u f g n i s s e r p x e r o f t n e s e r p
e r u t u f g n i s s e r p x e r o f t n e s e r p e l p m i s f o e s
u itme did no tmake sense a tall .
g n i s u n i s t n e d u t s y b d e c a f s m e l b o r p e h t r e v o c s i d o t r e g a e s i r e ti r w e h t , e r o f e r e h T
.s e s n e t e r u t u f e e r h t e s o h t
n o it a l u m r o F m e l b o r P . B
e h t r e v o c s i d o t e k il d l u o w r e h c r a e s e r e h t , h c r a e s e r s i h t g n it c u d n o c y B
e h t o t s r e w s n
a followingquesiton .s
.
1 Wha tproblem sdot heELESPs tudent sencounteri nusingt heproperf orm s
f
o will+ i n ifniitve ,begoing t o +i n ifniitve ,or t hesimplepresen texpressing
? s e c n e t n e s n i e m it e r u t u f
n i s m e l b o r p e h t f o s e s u a c e l b i s s o p e h t e r a t a h W .
2 usingt heproperf uturef orms?
n o it a ti m i L h c r a e s e R . C
ll a m s a s i y d u t s e h
T -scales tudywhichf ocuse sonlyons everalf uturet ense
e h t s e s u c o f r e ti r w e h T . s m e ti t n e m u rt s n i f o r e b m u n a y l n o s y o l p m e d n a s m r o f
t g n i s u n i r u c c o y a m h c i h w s m e l b o r p e h t n o y d u t
e r a y e h T . s e s n e t e r u t u f f o s e p y
t will+i n ifniitve ,begoing t o+i n ifniitve ,andt he
r e h t o s s u c s i d t o n o d r e ti r w e h T . s m r o f e m it e r u t u f g n i s s e r p x e t n e s e r p e l p m i s
y l e m a n , s m r o
f shall+i n ifniitve,t hepresen tprogressive( conitnuous)t ense,f uture
d n a , ) s u o u n it n o c ( e v i s s e r g o r
p bet o/beaboutt o+i n ifniitve .
f o s m r o f r e p o r p e h t g n i s u n i s m e l b o r p ’ s t n e d u t s e h t s e s s u c s i d y d u t s s i h T
h c r a e s e r e h t n i d e s u s m e ti e v it a t n e s e r p e r e h t n o s e s n e t e r u t u f f o s e p y t e e r h t e h t
p s e D .t n e m u rt s n
i tiet he seemingly ilmiltes ssentence smay beconsrtucted using
e b o t s m e ti e v it a t n e s e r p e r y tr i h t e s o o h c y l n o r e ti r w e h t , s m r o f e r u t u f e e r h t e h t
e m it e l b i s s o p e h t g n ir e d i s n o c o s l a y l n i a tr e c s i s i h T . s t n a p i c it r a p e h t o t d e t s e t
e s o h T . y d u t s e h t n o n o it a ti m
il thi try tiem sconsis to ften tiem susing will +
g n i s u s m e ti n e t , e v it i n if n
i begoingt o+i n ifniitve ,andt her estt en tiem susingt he
. m r o f e m it e r u t u f g n i s s e r p x e t n e s e r p e l p m i s
n E f o s tr a p l a it n e s s e e h t f o e n o s i e s n e t e r u t u f e c n i
S gilshgrammart hatt he
d ri h t e h t r o f y d u t s e h t s t c u d n o c r e ti r w e h t , r e t s a m o t d e e n s t n e d u t s P S E L E
e r u t u f o t e r u s o p x e t n e i c if f u s e v a h y e h t t a h t g n i d n a t s r e d n u n i , s t n e d u t s r e t s e m e s
.s e s s a l c I I e r u t c u rt s n i s e s n e t e h t d e n r a e l d a h y e h t r e tf a y ll a i c e p s e , s e s n e
t They
d e n i a l p x e s a , r e v e w o H . s e s n e t e v i s s e r g o r p e r u t u f d n a s e s n e t e l p m i s e r u t u f d e n r a e l
s e s s u c s i d y l n o y d u t s s i h t , e v o b
a will+i n ifniitve ,begoing t o +i n ifniitve ,andt he
.s m r o f e m it e r u t u f g n i s s e r p x e t n e s e r p e l p m i s
s e v it c e j b O h c r a e s e R . D
v it c e j b o e h
T e soft hisr esearchweret o discovert heproblemsi nusingt he
f o s m r o f r e p o r
y d u t S n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E r e t s e m e s d ri h t e h t g n o m a s m r o f e m it e r u t u f a h D a t a n a S f o s t n e d u t s m a r g o r
P rma Universtiy and discover t hepossible cause s
. s m e l b o r p r i e h t f o s ti f e n e B h c r a e s e R . E :r o f l a i c if e n e b e b d l u o h s h c r a e s e r s i h t f o t l u s e r e h T s r e r u t c e L . 1 e h t f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u r e tt e b t e g y a m s r e r u t c e l e h t , y d u t s s i h t h g u o r h T n i s m e l b o r p ’ s t n e d u t s P S E L
E using the three form so ffuture tenses .Therefore ,
c i p o t e h t g n ir e t s a m n i s t n e d u t s r i e h t t s i s s a o t d e g a r u o c n e e b t h g i m s r e r u t c e l e h t s i h t n i d e s s u c s i d s e s n e t e r u t u f f o s m r o f e e r h t e h t y lr e p o r p g n i s u n i y ll a i c e p s e . y d u t s s t n e d u t S . 2 d e t c e p x e s a w y d u t s s i h
T to help the student sto recognize the problem s
. r a l u c it r a p t a s e s n e t e r u t u f f o s e p y t e e r h t e h t g n i s u n i d e r e t n u o c n e e b y a m t a h t e c n e r e f e r e b y a m y d u t s s i h t , e r o f e r e h t ,s m e l b o r p n w o r i e h t e c n e ir e p x e y e h t n e h W f n o it u l o s e l b i s s o p e h t f o s t h g i s n i r e v o c s i d o
t ort hei rown .Theconductedr esearch
g n i h c a e t tr o p p u s o t s g n i d n if l u f g n i n a e
m -learning process ,such a sconcerning t he
g n i h c a e t t n a v e l e
r -learning srtategie sto overcome students ’problem sin using
. s y a w r e p o r p n i s e s n e t e r u t u f
s m r e T f o n o it i n if e D . F
e s n e T . 1
s i e s n e t r o f d r o w n it a L e h
T tempusmeaning itme .Tensei ,st hen ,“thef orm
f o e m it e h t e t a c i d n i o t s e k a t b r e v
a the aciton o rthe state o fbeing” (House &
, t s a p , t n e s e r p e h t( s e s n e t e l p m i s e e r h t s a h h s il g n E n r e d o M . ) 6 1 1 . p , 0 5 9 1 , n a m r a H
d n a , t c e fr e p t s a p , t c e fr e p t n e s e r p e h t( s e s n e t t c e f r e p / d n u o p m o c d n a ) e r u t u f d n a
t e h t f o e n o s e s s u c s i d y d u t s s i h T . )t c e f r e p e r u t u
f enses ,namelyf uturet ense .s
s e s n e T e r u t u F h s il g n E . 2
l a r e v e S . e m it e r u t u f s s e r p x e o t r e d r o n i s y a w l a r e v e s s a h e g a u g n a l h s il g n E
e r a y e h T . e m it e r u t u f o t g n ir r e f e r d e y o l p m e e b y a m s e s n e
t wli/lshall+i n ifniitve ,
o t g n i o g e
b + in ifniitve , the presen t progressive (conitnuous ) tense , future
d n a , e m it e r u t u f g n i s s e r p x e t n e s e r p e l p m i s e h t ,) s u o u n it n o c ( e v i s s e r g o r
p bet o/be
o t t u o b
a +i n ifniitve .
s i fl e s ti ’ e s n e t e r u t u f ‘ e m a n e h t , y ti r u t u f g n i s s e r p x e n i s y a w e s o h t e ti p s e D
b e d e h T . s r a l o h c s g n o m a e t a b e d r e d n
u atei swhethe ro rnott herei ssuch Future
. e s n e t e r u t u f s u o i v b o o n s i e r e h t t a h t w e i v o t e t a ir p o r p p a e r o m s i s i h T . e s n e T
, y d u t s s i h t n i d e s s u c s i d s e s n e t e r u t u f f o s d n i k e e r h t y l n o e r e w e r e h t , ll a r e tf A
y l e m a
n will + in ifniitve , be going to + in ifniitve , and the simple presen t
s t n e d u t S ) P S E L E ( m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L h s il g n E e h T . 3
o s t n e d u t s r e t s e m e s d ri h t e h t e r a y d u t s s i h t n i d e v l o v n i s t n e d u t
S fEngilsh
, t n e m tr a p e D n o it a c u d E s tr A d n a e g a u g n a L , m a r g o r P y d u t S n o it a c u d E e g a u g n a L
e h T . y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S , y tl u c a F n o it a c u d E d n a g n i n i a r T s r e h c a e T
.s e s s a l c I I d n a I e r u t c u rt S n e k a t e v a h o h w e s o h t e r a s t n e d u t s
s m e l b o r P . 4
e r a y d u t s s i h t n i s m e l b o r
P theproblemsf aced by t hestudentsi n usingt he
y l e m a n , s e s n e t e r u t u f f o s e p y t e e r h t f o m r o f r e p o r
p will+i n ifniitve ,begoingt o +
e r a s m e l b o r p e h T . e m it e r u t u f g n i s s e r p x e t n e s e r p e l p m i s e h t d n a , e v it i n if n i
h c a e n i m r o f r e p o r p e h t g n i s u n i y lr a l u c it r a
p representaitve tiem used in the
9 I I R E T P A H C
E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R
r e t p a h c s i h
T comp irsest wopa trs .Thef ris tpatri st het heoreitca ldescirpiton
l a c it e r o e h t e h t s i t r a p d n o c e s e h T . y d u t s e h t o t d e t a l e r s e ir o e h t e h t g n i s s u c s i d
e h t r e w s n a r e h c r a e s e r e h t p l e h t a h t s e ir o e h t t n a v e l e r e h t g n i z ir a m m u s k r o w e m a r f
. s m e l b o r p h c r a e s e r
o e h T .
A reitca lDescrip iton
t s ri f r e ti r w e h T . n o it c e s s i h t n i d e s s u c s i d s tr a p t n a tr o p m i l a r e v e s e r a e r e h T
. m e t s y s e s n e t h s il g n E e h t n o n o i s s u c s i d e h t s e d i v o r
p T he nex tdiscussion i s
y ll a i c e p s e , e s n e t e r u t u f f o y r o e h t e h t n o d e s u c o
f will +i n ifniitve ,be going t o +
. s m r o f e m it e r u t u f g n i s s e r p x e r o f t n e s e r p e l p m i s e h t d n a , e v it i n if n
i Atferward ,st he
o s l a r e ti r
w review sar elateds tudywhichwa sconductedpreviously.
m e t s y S e s n e T h s il g n E e h T . 1
s i ’ e s n e t‘ f o d r o w n it a L e h
T tempus ,which mean s itme .The concept so f
it
‘ me ’and t‘ense ’are closely related one another ,which may cause confusion .
l a s r e v i n u a s i e m i T . e m it f o t p e c n o c e h t h ti w r a il i m a f e b y a m e g a u g n a l y r e v E
o t n i d e d i v i d y ll a r e n e g s i e m it f o t p e c n o c e h T . ) 4 8 . p , 2 7 9 1 , .l a t e k ri u Q ( t p e c n o c
f d n a , t s a p , t n e s e r
p uture .Al levent sand aciton smay be speciifed when they
e r a e r e h T . e m it e r u t u f r o , t s a p , t n e s e r p a n i r e h t e h w , d e m r o f r e p e r a r o n e p p a h
g n i d n e n u n a g n i s s e r p x e , h g u o h t ,’ s s e l e m it ‘ s a d e r e d i s n o c e b y a m n o it a u ti s e m o s
n i s a h c u s , y ti r a l u g e
. y lt n e r e f fi d s e s n e t f o t p e c n o c e h t t a e rt y a m s e g a u g n a l t n e r e f fi d , e li h w n a e M e g a u g n a l‘ s i e s n e t , e c n e
H -speciifc ’(Qurik e tal ,1972 ,p .84) .Tensei ,s t hen, t he
i d n i y a m t a h t s m r o f b r e v f o s e ir e s r o b r e v a f o m r o
f catewhethe ranevent ,aciton ,
, n o it c a , t n e v e n a r e h t e h w e t a c i d n i o s l a e s n e T . e r u t u f r o , t s a p , t n e s e r p n i s i e t a t s r o n i e b l li w r o , s a w , s i t i r e h t e h w o s l a d n a , e t e l p m o c e b l li w r o , s a w , s i e t a t s r o e p a r e v o s s e r g o r
p irodo f itme( Hornby ,1975 ,p.78) .Eventst hemselve saret hing s
d e m r o f r e p e r a t u b n e p p a h t s u j t o n o d , y r a rt n o c e h t n o , s n o it c a e li h w , n e p p a h t a h t 2 1 . p , 2 9 9 1 , n o s k c a J ( s t n e g a r o y d o b e m o s y
b -13) .State smaybeconsideredast he
e r a y e h t t a h w , n i e r a y e h t n o it i d n o c e h t , e r a e l p o e p r o s g n i h t y a
w ilke ,wheret hey
.) 9 . p , 2 9 9 1 , n o s k c a J ( n o o s d n a , e r a h s il g n E n i y ti r u t u F . 2 , e m it t n e s e r p e r a h c i h w , s n o i s s e r p x e e m it e h t f o s n o i s i v i d e e r h t g n o m A s i e g a u g n a l h s il g n E n i n o i s s e r p x e e m it e r u t u f e h t , e m it e r u t u f d n a , e m it t s a p e e m it e h t e k il n U . l a i c e p
s xpression sin French fo rexample ,in which the three
y ti r u t u f ,s m r o f n o it c e lf n i n w o s ti e v a h ) e r u t u f d n a , t s a p , t n e s e r p ( s e s n e t f o s p u o r g n i e s n e t e r u t u f o n s i e r e h t t a h t w e i v s r a l o h c s e m o S . ti s s e s s o p t o n s e o d h s il g n E n i c n i S . ) 9 . p , 6 7 9 1 , r e k k e W ( h s il g n
E et heOldEngilsh ,onlypresen tand pastt ense s
t s o m e h t e b o t d e s u m r o f t n e s e r p e l p m i S . s m r o f l a n o it c e lf n i s u o i v b o e h t e v a h s e t a t s ) 7 4 9 1 ( e m r u C . h s il g n E n i y ti r u t u f g n i w o h s n i n o i s s e r p x e n o m m o c s e s n e t o w t y l n o d a h y ll a n i g ir o h s il g n
E —thepresen tand t he pa —st and i n s e s n e t l a n o it i d d a r u o f e h t r o f ,s e s n e t o w t y l n o s a h l li t s e s n e s e n
o —presen t
t c e f r e p e r u t u f , e r u t u f , t c e fr e p t s a p , t c e f r e
p —have been formed by
o s , e v it i n if n i n a r o e l p i c it r a p a h ti w e s n e t t s a p a r o t n e s e r p a g n i n i b m o c g n a l r u o n i e s n e t y r e v e t a h
e l p m i s , s m r o f l a n o it c e lf n i e r a s e s n e t t s a p e l p m i s d n a t n e s e r p e l p m i s e li h W
f o n o it a n i b m o c a e b y a m e r u t u f e l p m i S . m r o f l a s a r h p a e b o s l a y a m e s n e t e r u t u f
ll a h
s ro willand presenti n ifniitve ,suchasi nI wli lgo. Thisi sa ssomescholar s
t a h t w e i
v shall ro wli laret hemarker soff uturtiyi nEngilshl anguage .Meanwhlie ,
d e m i a l c s r e h t o e m o
s be going to i sthe only uncolored future tha tEngilsh
.) 9 . p , 6 7 9 1 , r e k k e W ( s e s s e s s o p
h s il g n E n i y ti r u t u F .
3 Usingwli/lshall
l l a h
S and w li lusage among Engilsh speaker si so fa signi ifcan thistory .
f o e s u e h t , d o ir e p h s il g n E e l d d i M e h t e r o f e
B shal/lwli lin expressing f uturtiywa s
t n e s e r p n i s a r a l u p o p s a t o
n -day Engilsh .Shal land wli lused to be no tmere
s e ir a il i x u
a ,bu tseparate verb shaving i ndependen tmeanings .Syntacitcally ,shal l
d n
a wli lo fthe Old Engilsh were ful lverb sa sthey could be used wtihou ta
. ) 5 2 . p , 6 7 9 1 , r e k k e W ( e v it i n if n i n a y l e m a n , t n e m e l p m o c
, t n e m p o l e v e d r e t a l n
I shall and willwere combined wtih an i n ifniitve ,so
e r u t u f e h t ,t n e m p o l e v e d s i h t n I . s e ir a il i x u a o t d e c u d e r e r e w y e h t t a h
t shal/lwill +
e v it i n if n
i emerged .When shallwa sbecoming an auxiilaryoft hef uture ,willwa s
. n o it il o v g n i s s e r p x e b r e v a s a d e s u g n i e b l li t
s Willthendevelopedintoanauxiilary
h t o b , n e h t e c n i s d n a , d o ir e p h s il g n E e l d d i M e h t n i e r u t u f e h t f
o shalland will are
.) 5 2 . p , 6 7 9 1 , r e k k e W ( e r u t u f e h t f o s r e k r a m e h t
e m o c y a m e s n e t e r u t u f o n s a h h s il g n E t a h t s r a l o h c s e m o s f o m g i d a r a p e h T
e t e r u t u f t a h t t c a f e h t t a h t m o r
f nsei nEngilshi sunilkelymarkedmorphologically .
, e li h w n a e
r e h t e h w s n i a m e r n o it s e u q e h T . s l a d o m t e s h s il g n E e h t f o s r e b m e m e h t s
a willand
ll a h
s mayber egardedasf uturet enseauxliiaire so rwhethert heyaremodal sonly .
o t g n i d r o c c A . e d u ti tt a s ’ r e k a e p s e h t r o s e it il a d o m s e s e s s o p l a d o m h c a E e h t h ti w s l a e d e d u ti tt a s ’ r e k a e p s e h t ,) 1 1 . p , 6 7 9 1 ( r e k k e W n i ) 1 7 9 1 ( r e d l o h e s u o H n o n e h t w o n k o t s a h c u s , r e r a e h e h t s t n a w r e k a e p
s -moda lpar to fthe utterance
e r e h T . ) g n i d n a m m o c ( s s a p o t t i g n ir b o t r o , ) g n i n o it s e u q ( y fi r e v o t , ) g n it r e s s a ( s i h t , e c n e H . g n i s i m o r p d n a , g n i h s i w , g n i s s e u g e l p m a x e r o f ,s e d u ti tt a r e h t o e b y a m a d il l a H ( e g a u g n a l e h t f o n o it c n u f l a n o s r e p r e t n i e h t s a d e m a n e b y a m n o it c n u
f y ,
. ) 2 1 . p , 6 7 9 1 , r e k k e W n i 5 3 3 . p , 0 7 9 1 e c n i
S wli landshallpossesst empora landmoda lmeanings ,tii sf requenlty
: s e t a t s ) 6 7 9 1 ( r e k k e W . s g n i n a e m h t o b e t a r a p e s o t tl u c if fi d s i e c n e r e f e r e r u t u f , s n o it o n d e t a l e r y l e s o l c e r a n o it il o v d n a y ti r u t u f e c n i S r
fequenltycolouredbyavoilitona lovetroneofs omekind…
r o f , e n o tr e v o l a n o it il o v e h t t a h t ) 0 1 2 : 1 7 9 1 ( y k s m o h C h ti w e e r g a s u h t I d n a s e g a u g n a l y n a m n i ’ e s n e t‘ e r u t u f e h t f o c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t s i‘ , e l p m a x e o it il o v e h t h ti w , y lt n e r a p p a o d o t g n i h t o n s a h s u h
t nalf orceoft heelemen t
’ ’l li w
‘ (p .67 .)
f o g n i n a e m e r u t u f e h
T wli landshallisi ndeeds ocloselyr elatedt ot hemodaltiyo f
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N ra sthei r plans , predicitons ,
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a W Sli/l hal last he‘ Pure ’Future
l l a h s /l li
W serve ssevera lusagei n accordancewtih tisf uncitonast hepure
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P Wli/lshal l
s n o it c a r o s t n e v e e r u t u f e h t s t c i d e r p r e k a e p s e h t n e h w o t d e s u e b y ll a r e n e g y a m
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w o r calculate wli l happen . Shal l expresse s
t s ri f e h t h ti w y l n o g n i n a e m e v it c i d e r
p -person pronoun a ssubject( Leech ,1971 ,p .
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h g u o h t , a c ir e m A n i e g a u g n a
l shal li snow becoming very much les scommonly
n a h t d e s
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.) 2 1 2 . p , 5 9 9 1
. e i d l l a h s I y a d e n O
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5 1 e h t n o y e n o m e h t d e e n l l a h s e
W th .
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? y a d r u t a S n o n i w l li w k n i h t u o y o d o h W
. y d u o l c d n a d l o c e b l li w r e h t a e w s ’ w o r r o m o T
l l a h s /l li
W fo r prediciton s i s employed when there exist s no obviou s
p , 5 9 9 1 , n a w S ( e c n e d i v e e d i s t u
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k s a y l p m i s y l n o e w d n a , e k il e h t d n a , n o it a l u c l a c , f e il e b r u o : s d a e h r u o e d i s n i
n i e k il , e c n e d i v e t n e s e r p e h t g n i w o h s t u o h ti w g n i h t e m o s e v e il e b o t e l p o e p r e h t o
. s e c n a t s n i g n i w o ll o f e h t
u o y m i h d n e l t’ n o
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t(hes peaker’ sknowledgeonly)
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t(hes peaker’ sknowledgeabou tgeneitcs)
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