SU
fuel cel the curr is one oKeywor I.INTR
into ele photovo used fo power s using m layers M
2.THEO
Perform determi micropo determi
URFACE A
Fuel Cell Inst
b. Teknik Ki
embrane Elect en and compr de membrane tructure mode de (GDE). For d. Therefore, c MEA. The con (GDL). The me ll simulation is
rent MEA Fue of the paramete
rds: surface ar RODUCTION
PEM Fuel C ectric, wherea oltaic, plants a r certain cases station and po gen at atm, tem which was us maximum wh um of 1 mol H ng cell in Fue tion of Fuel C ng of size and c tion from Hot sing thick and m2-0.3 mgPt/c d type of study pment until m t Pt of MEA fr method which w
MEA structure
ORY
mance of fuel ined. Accordin orous economi ined base on d
AREA MI
AND ITS
titute, Unive
mia, FTI, UP
trode Assembly ressed air, wil
fuel cell (PE l of the mate r every change
ontrolling the ntrolling param ethods of BET s used in obtain l Cell increasin er control to ge
rea, cell potent
ell was electric as Hydrogen as cane plant by
s like electric g ortable devices mperature 287oK
sed Fuel Cell w hich was produ Hydrogen (EG,
el Cell stack w Cell stack used
cost of PEM Fu Pressing techn interest of cat cm2 (Thomas,1 y method in m
ight get thic rom 2 mgPt/cm was well but d
at MEA Fuel
cell is depen ng to Ruthven ic for MEA Fu diameter microp
ICROSTR
EFFECT
Ra
ersiti Kebang
M
PN ”Veteran
Indon
ly (MEA) micr ll follow throu EMFC) system erials used in
in microstruct MEA microstr meters used ar T are utilized in ning the curren ng as well as i et GDL approp
tial fuel cell
c power genera can be gotten y cracking pro generator and t needs. Fuel C K, produce pow was not pure, uced 1.16 volt 2000). Besides was done in s d MEA cell.
uel Cell fabrica nique up to us talyst Pt mg/cm
998). This inte micro scale ma
ck of MEA 30 m2 (Eisman, 19 done increasing
Cell fabricatio
ndent of surfa n (1997) surf uel Cell (Serge pore while dia
RUCTURE
TS ON ME
amli Sitangg
gsaan Malay
Malaysia
n”. Jl. SWK
nesia, 55283
Abstract
rostructure is ugh in the pro m. The efficien making this g ture dimension ructure in its fa re the surface n the study of s nt-voltage rela increasing surf priate.
ator was used c n from anothe ocess and refor
to produce wat Cell, using hyd wer of 237.200 humidification t at open circ s that, in it app series manner . Base on map ation was done se Plasma techn
m 2 of MEA. erest is the cos anner. Then fab 00 micron into 999) to 0.01 mg g of Fuel Cell on process
face area the face area mate ei, 2002, Lean, ameter pore de
E GAS DIF
EA FUEL C
gang
ysia, 43600 U
104 Condon
3
the path in w ocess of obtain ncy of the con gas diffusion n, hence the ele abrication is an
area of micro surfaces, respe ationship. Resu
face area GDL
continuous way er natural res rming process.
ter but for this drogen gas and 0 Joule or equ n and hydroge cuit. Thus, Fue plication was n . So that the pping which w e by choice me
nique. The foc For ‘ink-base st still high so brication in m o 15 nm (Spa gPt/cm2 (Raim performance b
mass transfer erial 200-1500 2002). In this etermined by p
FFUSION
CELL
UKM, Bangi
ngcatur, Yog
which the input ning energy fr nversion is de layer (GDE o ectrical output n imperative s pore inside th ectively; while ults of the analy L. Whereas, su
y. It was as con ources such a At the first tim time have bee d oxygen that ual 1.23 Volt el en rate have b el Cell might n needed volt abo stack was sm was done in M eans process te
cus of the mai ed’ interest cat o the researche micro scale man
akovsky, 2000) mundo, 2002). I by controlling
(EG, 2000) 0 m2/g includ paper, surface polymer compo
N LAYER
i, Selangor,
gyakarta,
t gases, name rom the polym ependent on t or gas diffusi obtained will tep in produci he Gas Diffusi e the single sta yses showed th urface area GD
nverter hydrog as air by usin me, fuel cell w en used transpo
theory for 1m lectric. Althou been arranged not produce vo out 200-300 vo mall enough th MEA fabricatio chnique of ME n fabrication f talyst about 0. es of engineerin
nner have dire ) and interest In this study w of surface are
so surface ar de type mater e area material otition. Knowin
influenc figur 1.
layer an flow in depende value th Evaluat parame hydroge (1997) diffusiv with pe
3.EXPE
In expe (2) coat The raw (PTFE) Propano carbon Layer ( evaluate SEM m (Ruthve Fuel Ce
4.RESU
Surface surface sprayer Anothe speed w hours p diamete pore dia 3.464 A above c
ce of surface a Correlation su
A application, t nd H2O in laye steady state a ent gas diffusi hat are surface tion in this is f ter did not in en and oksygen
so each of por vity into param erformance ME
ERIMENT
eriment, proces ting Carbon In w materials to ) (Aldrich che ol 99.5 % (Al Ink and fabri (GDL) wherea ed is GDL whe method, charac
en ,1997, Do,1 ell Group (FCU
ULT AND DIS
e area pore of area with 22 r that consists r material that with static y-ax processing time er will decreas ameter of 4.5 t Ao (Michaelide classified micro
area pore mate urface area por
transport phen er (4). If in fab at GDE and GD
ion, chemical area active, ko focussed in par nfluence. If de n about 3.28 A re diameter wil meter of perform
EA fuel cell
ss fabrication h nk at karbon kl o grow materia emical Co, Inc ldrich chemica ication result c as GDL is em ereas GDE wil cterisation of s 998) and to kn UKM,2002).
SCUSSION
Gas Diffusion Ả pore diamet of 20 ml alco t we used is 5 xis and height i e. From experim
e. Using DR m o 9 Ả. In the D es, 1998). Bas opore.
Fig 1. Memb
erial in perfo re material tow
omena from ga brication of siz DE producing reaction, ohmi onductivity, ga rameter of Dif esign GDL wi Ao (Xue-Dong ll be gotten su mance MEA fu
have two steps loth by sprayer al consists of c ), activated al Co, Inc). co
compound bet mbedded c wit
ll be there in th surface area by now MEA pola
n Layer in our ter. After that hol, 2.156 g a 0 cm 2 wide c in z-axis of 12 ment, we could method Autoso DGL, the pore sed on Gregg‘ brane Electrod
ormance MEA ward performan
as H2 and O2 w ze of GDE thic heat perfectly ic loss (Marr,1 as diffusivity ef ffusivity Efecti ith diameter p , 1998, Tician urface area pore uel Cell then w
s there are (1) r system. Spray
Polymertetraf carbon (Ajax ompound of PT
tween carbon th carbon ink he latter paper. y metode BET arisation voltag
experiment, th t the carbon in activated carbo carbon cloth. 2 cm. The dray
d observe that w orb-1 we found
diameter is sm s classification de Assembly (M
fuel Cell, ME ce MEA is ex
will occur in G ck is small mo so distributio 1997). Paramet ffective and re ive of gas fluid pore size close nelli, 1988) but e. If value of s will be gotten co
formulation m yer system con flouroethylene x chemicals), c
TFE, Activated ink with carbo k catalyst calle
Then to know T. Knowing d ge and current
he fulfilled car nk with 1.5 cp on and PTFE f The sprayer h ying temperatu with larger PTF d that with 2% maller than 20 Ả
ns (1982), the MEA)
EA consists fi xplained as foll
GDE. It will pro ore compared o on modelling c
ter determined eaction constan da in DGL, wh e to diameter t small more o surface area po orrelation betw
material by usin nsists sprayer G e, 60 w % disp carbon cloth ( d Carbon and on cloth called ed GDE. In th w GDL morpho
diffusivity by m by metodology
rbon to sprayer p viscosities wi from 0 to 10 % has 60 cm/min ure has to be se
FE compositio % to 5% PTFE Ả and larger th e growth pore
ve of layers li lows.
oduce electron of high, then g current electric d current electr nta in DGE laye hereas the othe of molecul g of 20 Ao Ruthv ore GDL and g ween surface ar
ng design expe Gun and drayin persion in wat (E-TEK) and Alcohol call d Gas Diffusi his paper whi ologi. GDL usin
metode Ruthv y of Programm
r has 1650 m2 ill be fulfilled % concentratio n x-axis sprayin
et to 110ºC for on, the DGL po composition h han H2 molecul diameter is st
Table:1
PRO
Operati Operati Cell vo Dissolv Dissolv Potentia
Potentia
Potentia Membr Active
Dry por Dry por
Faraday
Diffusio hydroge
Micro p
Anode
Cathode
Specific
1 Experimenta
OPERTY ON M
ing pressure ing temperature
ltage ved hydrogen c ved oxygen con al in the electro
al in the memb
al different bet rane at equilibr layer thickness rosity of the an rosity of the ca y’s constant
on coefficient o en gas inside th
porous radius
exchange curre
e exchange cur c surface area
al data of Ga
MEA FUEL CE
e
con. At a refere n. at a reference
ode phase
brane phase
tween electrode rium
s of the electro node electrode athode electrod
of the dissolve he micro porou
ent density
rrent density
Fig.2. Effect
s Diffusion La
ELL G
ence e
1 bar 80 o 0.65 5.19 3.16 1.0
0.0
e and 0.0
ode
466
de
0.1 0.4
9648 mol -ed
us 8.25x m2s-1
6.5 1
1x10 A.m -1.0 A
1.59 3
t pore on Surfa
ayer (GDL)
GDL5
r C
V mol m-3 mol m-3 V
1 8 0 5 3 1
V 0
V 0
m
µ
40 0
87 A.s 1
9 m x 10 –6
1 7
m
10-10 m 5
03 -2
1 A
A.m-2 1
10 3 m2m- 2 m
ce Area
GDL4
bar 0 oC 0.65 V
.19 mol m-3 .16 mol m-3 .0 V
0.0 V
0.0 V
466
µ
m0.1 0.4
96487 A.s mol-1 7.61x 10–6 m2s-1
.99x10-10 m
x103 A.m-2
.0 A.m-2
2.65 x103 m2m-3
GDL3
1 bar 80 oC 0.65 V 5.19 mol m-3 3.16 mol m-3 1.0 V 0.0 V
0.0 V
466
µ
m0.1 0.4
96487 A.s mol-1 6.08x10-6 m2s-1
4.79x10-10 m
1x103 A.m-2 1.0 A.m-2
2.66 x103 m2m-3
GDE Commerce. 1 bar 80 oC 0.65 V 5.19 mol m-3 mol m-3 1.0 V
0.0 V
0.0 V
480
µ
m01 0.4
96487 A.s mol-1 8.76 x 10 -6
m2s-1
6.9x 10-10 m
1x103 A.m-2 1.0 A.m-2
If GDL Ǻ. Wit to 330 n macro p Figure compos
From F active c m2/g th that sur
Fuel Ce on GDL
Based o acquire GDL or the GD GDE an surface GDL st m2s-1, very im indicate
In appli pore GD This ga
Then el will pro show pr Width o
Henry’s
Henry’s
L with 10.000 t th larger PTFE nm). It means pore. From th 3, and the larg sition in GDL w
Figure 3, we co carbon surface hat based on Ru
rface area of GD
ell Voltage /Cu L was carried o
on nitrogen phy d 95 cc(STP)/ r even 43 cc(S L3 have better node of MEA. headed to cata tructure at 70ºC
meanwhile G mpressive for m
es the performa
ication fuel ce DL (cm2) is mu as will be reakti
lectron (curren oduce cell pote rofil of perform of gas channel
s constant for h
s constant for o
times enlargem E composition s that with larg he mentioning ger pore diamet will decrease th
ould also conclu e area is still a
utheven means DL3 is suitable
urrent model. F out at 77 K and
ysisorption on g GDL3 maxim STP)/g below G r performance
Therefore, in t alyst. Using Ru C and 1 Atm p GDLc about 8.7 mass and tran ance of GDL is
ell, the sum of ultiplyed gas fl ion at surface a
nt) accros GDL ential. Base on mance polariza hydrogen
oxygen
ment. Each of th using sprayer ger PTFE com above, we cou ter will be reac he surface area
ude that our G above the com s still has micr e for Gas Diffu
Figure 4 show d with the press
micro porous mum capacity G300 material due to larger m the implement uthven equatio pressure has b 76 x 10-6 m2s -nsport applicati
s correlates wit
gas for time a lux ( gmol cm-2 area pore carbo
L before enter n experiment a ation fuel cell li 0.00
3.9.1 m3m 3.2.1 m3m
he GDL ball sh method will g mposition, the m
uld conclude t ched with large a of active carb
GDL (GDL3) ha mmercial GDL
ro porous mod usion Electrode
ws the Autosorb sure ratio P/Po
model in ml/g of adsorption (Dillen,2001) maximum capa
ation of GDL, n (Ruthven 19 been calculated 1 . It has been ion (Lean 200 th Teflon distri
accros from DG 2 second-1). on-platinum to
r cathode. From and design dat
ike figur 5. 15 m 0
104Pa mol-1
3 m 104Pa
mol-1
3 m
hape particle c grow larger suc micro pore wil that GDL is a er pore surface bon particle tha
as 151 m2/g ac with around 1 del property. A e (GDE) anode
b-1 method wh o varies from 0
g unit of calcula or still 24 cc . Compared to acity of adsorp
hydrogen will 997) for the dif d within 8.25 x
reported that 02). We have ibution and po
GL to electrod
produce electr
m this, each of a of simulation 0.0015 m
.9.104 Pa m3mol-1
.2.104Pa m3 mol-1
consists of pore ch kind of part ll tend more do
micro pore ty e area. The inc at used in the sp
ctive carbon su 110 – 120 m2/g And finally, we
e of MEA.
here the adsorp to 1.
ation using DA (STP)/g above o commercial-ption and could
l diffuse from G ffusivity of hyd
x 10 –6 m2s-1 u the range of d e observed tha rosity of GDL
de area is made
ron and proton
f surface area n cell potentia 0.0015 m
3.9.104 Pa m3mol-1 3.2.104Pa m3mol-1
e around 4.5 to ticle (around 1 ominant than t ype as shown creasing of PTF
prayer.
urface areas. O g but below 2 e could conclu
ption of nitrog
A method will e the commerc and G300 GD d be expanded
GDL interface drogen gas insi up to 6.08 x 10 diffusivity is st at the diffusivi on carbon clot
e as surface ar
n.
micropore GD al on table 1 w
0.0015 m
3.9 104 Pa m3mol-1 3.2.04 Pa m3 mol -1
o 9 60 the in FE
Our 00 ude
gen
be ial DL as to ide 0-6 till ity th.
rea
In figur 1.59 10
GDL5, perform From fi means s which h is lower
5.CON
The inc used in GDL3 i have be of MEA area GD of the a
ACKN The aut the fina
REFER
Gregg ,
Ruthven Do and
Xue-Do
Marr, C
Sergei,
r 5, each of Sur 03 m2m-3, 2.65
produce electr mance GDL exp
igur or data, ca surface area ve have higher cur r. Used as para
NCLUSION
creasing of PT the sprayer. W is suitable for etter performan A because of th DL is bigger th any parameter c
OWLEDGEM thors would lik ancial support t
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rface area GDL x103 m2m-3, 2.6
ric 0.63 A/cm2, periment have an be conclude ery influence p rrent than mak ameter in GDL
Fig 4
FE compositio We could concl Gas Diffusion nce due to large he range of diff hen MEA Fuel control to get p
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ent model
surface area o L3 include mic f MEA. Compa
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University and PR0023 11-08
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yst layer in a p
n exchange me
ving surface ar
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ess london. Ne
etics in Activat
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proton exchan
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f
s
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ich nd L3 de ace as
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ew
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gh
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