Between the Traditional and the Modern: A Critical
Discourse Analysis of Fatima Mernissi’s Dreams of
Trespass: Tales of A Harem Girlhood (1995)
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department
by:
SITI RESTIWI A 320 070 125
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
APPROVAL
BETWEEN THE TRADITIONAL AND THE MODERN: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF FATIMA MERNISSI’S DREAMS OF
TRESSPASS: TALES OF A HAREM GIRLHOOD (1995)
RESEARCH PAPER
by
SITI RESTIWI
A 320 070 125
Approved to be Examined by Consultant
Consultant I Consultant II
ACCEPTANCE
BETWEEN THE TRADITIONAL AND THE MODERN: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF FATIMA MERNISSI’S DREAMS OF
TRESSPASS: TALES OF A HAREM GIRLHOOD (1995)
By
SITI RESTIWI
A 320 070 125
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
TESTIMONY
I herewith assert that there is no work had been submitted to obtain
bachelor degree in any University in this research paper and as far as I concern no
work, opinion or masterpieces had been written or published by someone else
except the written references which are referred in this paper and mentioned in the
bibliography. If only here will be any incorrectness proved in the future in my
statement above, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, July 2011
The writer
MOTTO
1.
Family and friends are hidden treasures, seek them
and enjoy their riches.
2.
Consider things from every angle.
3.
You are unique of all God’s creations, nothing can
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to: My strongest father “Bapak Bibit Aryanto”
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
All the praises and thanks to Allah SWT, who always gives kindness,
mercies and blessings to the writer therefore she gets her opportunity to conduct
and finish the research paper entitled BETWEEN THE TRADITIONAL AND
THE MODERN: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF FATIMA
MERNISSI’S THE DREAM OF TRESSPASS: TALES OF A HAREM GIRLHOOD
(1995). The writer honours the prophet Muhammad SAW, the last Messengers of
Allah, as a chosen one who leads human race to the better life. The success would
not be achieved without the helps, supports, advises and encouragements from
many people during conducting and finishing the research paper. Thus, the writer
would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si., Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammmadiyah University of Surakarta, for approving this
research paper,
2. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S., the first consultant who always gives guidance,
advices, supports, corrections, discussions, and also cares about the writer,
3. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M.Hum., Head of English Department
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta and the second consultant for the
willingness in supporting, and giving advices, guidance, and correction
4. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum. and Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum.,
lecturers of English Department at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
she wants to say thank for transferring a lot of knowledge related to
Discourse Theory,
5. Fitri Kurniawan S. Pd, one of lecturers of English Department at
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, she wants to say thank for always
listening her difficulties in doing this research and also giving knowledge,
suggestions, motivations and supports,
6. The lecturers of English Department at Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta, for transferring a lot of thing that she never knows before,
7. Her great lovely parents, Father (Bapak Bibit Aryanto) and Mother (I bu
Sulami), the first and prior teachers for her. She is alive because of them
both. She wants to say thank for giving the best thing. She really loves them
forever and always,
8. Her beloved sibling, Garini Puspitasari. She wants to say thank for her
sweetest and prettiest young sister,
9. Her Grandparents, (M bah Kung and M bah uti’), her aunt (L ek N ing) and her
uncle (Om D adang) and all of Proyo Suhono big family who have given a true
love, cares, prayers, supports, and valuable lessons. She wants to thank a lot
for the warm and happy family life,
10. Her best friends, “Cally” Saly Kurnia Oktaviani, “Sasya” Yunisa W idiarini and
“Jejung” D estian Afiana, who always shares knowledge and helps her to revise
11. Her beloved classmates in English Department ’07: Tini mbul, Tata Rita,
Pyut2, Funi, Diana, Aya, Pooh, Idut, Nisa Henk, Pryan, Berna, Ayuk Ayza,
Viona, Mun2, Septi, Anisa, Ika, Lila, Dayu, Mela, Adib, Dadang, Irsyat,
Lilik, Kuro, Bow, Oblo, Huda, tante Dwi, Tyas, Saty, Devia, wafda, Tina,
Mini, Dewi Fitri, Dewi Ratna, Vita, Indah, Nurul, who always be together
and make fun studying for almost four years in the beloved university.
12. And others which cannot be mentioned one by one, who help the writer in
finishing the research paper and for all the big supports.
The writer realizes that probably this research paper is still imperfect and it
still needs many improvements. However, the writer happily accepts constructive
criticisms of it. Hopefully, this research paper will give significance benefit to
readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta, July 2011
ABSTRACT
Siti Restiwi, A 320 070 125. BETWEEN THE TRADITIONAL AND THE MODERN: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF FATIMA MERNISSI’S
DREAMS OF TRESPASS: TALES OF A HAREM GIRLHOOD (1995). Research
Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2011.
The aims of the research are for explaining, informing, telling, describing, discussing and guiding to other people towards what the writer’s opinion and dominant ideology. The research purposes to examine how the conflicts between the traditional and the modern values reflected in Fatima Mernissi’s memoir The Dreams of Trespass: Tales of A Harem Childhood published in 1995 by using critical discourse analysis a theory composed by Teun A. van Dijk.
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The method of collecting data is observation and analyzing the memoir as the object by exploring the structural components of it which can be revealed the dominant ideology reflected in this memoir.
The result of the research shows the following conclusions. Firstly, based on the structural elements of the memoir, it is evident that the memoir is ideologically controlled and shows polarization between in-group and out-group positive self-representation. Secondly, the dominant ideology of the memoir is liberal feminism suggesting the individual freedom represents a personal right that needs to be fulfilled for the goodness of social life.
Key words: Memoir, Critical Discourse Analysis, Dominant ideology,
TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF APPENDIXES... xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION………... 1
A. Background of the Study ... 1
G. Theoretical Application ... 10
H. Research Method ... 11
CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL APPROACH ……….. 14
A. Notion of Critical Discourse Analysis... 14
B. Basic Assumptions of Critical Discourse Analysis ... 17
C. Structural Elements of Critical Discourse Analysis ... 18
1. Macrostructure... ... 18
CHAPTER III: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ……… 28
A. Structural Elements of The Memoir ... 28 between halal (permitted) and haram (not permitted) and the modern and the
5) Poor and weak women can be strong ... 51
6) The way of man’s thought is different from woman... 53
7) Woman has chance and ability to do the best in her life whoever they are ... 54
8) Goodness and badness influence should be decided by the consideration of the impact rather by the tradition allowed or not ... 57
9) There has system of hierarchy in Moroccan especially in harem ... 59
4) Irony ... 109
5) Litotes ... 110
6) Euphemism ... 111
7) Imagery and Symbolization ... 111
8) Repetition ... 114
3. Knowledge and Education Background ... 126
4. Religious Background ... 127
5. Background of Values ... 129
C. Discussion ... 130
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ... 132
B. Suggestion... 133
LIST OF APENDIXES
Page
Appendix 1 Pengajuan Judul Skripsi ... Apendix 1
Appendix 2 Persetujuan Judul Skripsi ... Apendix 2
Appendix 3 Persetujuan Judul Skripsi ... Apendix 3
Appendix 4 Berita Acara Bimbingan Skripsi ... Apendix 4
