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A The Contribu iton o fRuth Baron and P.J . n o i p m a C a n n A n i n e e S s a t n e m p o l e v e D r e t c a r a h C r i e h T o t n o it c a r e t n I ’ s r e t a W s ’ n o i p m a C e n a J d n
a Holy Smoke .Yogyaka tra :Depa trmen to fEngilsh Letters , a h D a t a n a S , s r e tt e L f o y tl u c a
F rmaUniverstiy ,2013. s e s s u c s i d s i s e h t s i h
T the characte rdevelopmen tof t het womain characters i n e k o m S y l o
H novel .Thet womaincharacter sareRuthBaronandPJ. .Water .s
t s ri F . s i s e h t s i h t n i e v e i h c a o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t t a h t s e v it c e j b o e e r h t e r a e r e h T t u o d n if o t s i d n o c e S . d e z ir e t c a r a h c e r a s r e t a W . J. P d n a n o r a B h t u R w o h t u o d n if o t s i o t s i e v it c e j b o t s a l e h T . s r e t a W . J. P d n a n o r a B h t u R f o t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c e h
t ifnd
r e t c a r a h c r i e h t o t s e t u b ir t n o c n o it c a r e t n i ’ s r e t a W . J. P d n a n o r a B h t u R w o h t u o .t n e m p o l e v e d a t a d e h T . h c r a e s e r y r a r b il a s i s i s e h t s i h
T w eretakenf romt henove ltisel fand h c i h w s e l c it r a t e n r e t n i d n a , s k o o b m o r f s e ir o e h t g n it r o p p u s r e h t
o w ere used to solve
a s e s u r e ti r w e h t , s m e l b o r p e h t g n ir e w s n a n I . s i s y l a n a e h t n i s m e l b o r p e h t g n ir e w s n a n i h c a o r p p a t s e b e h t s a t h g u o h t s i h c a o r p p a s i h T . h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p n i a m o w t e h t f o t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c o t s e t a l e r y r o t s e h t e s u a c e b m e l b o r p e h t r e t c a r a h
c s ,RuthandPJ. .Water .s
n o r a B h t u R , l e v o n e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c n i a m o w t e h t t a h t s e d u l c n o c r e ti r w e h T r i e h T . n o it c a r e t n i r i e h t f o e s u a c e b t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c o g r e d n u s r e t a W . J. P d n a e g n a h c t o n o d s c it s ir e t c a r a h c n o r a B h t u R . r e tt e b e m o c e b s c it s ir e t c a r a h
c totally
s c it s ir e t c a r a h c r e h f o e m o S . s y a d e e r h t n i e n o d t s u j s i g n i m m a r g o r p e d e h t e s u a c e b e s o h t n e h T . s u o il l e b e r d n a , h s if l e s , c it s il a e r n u e h t e r a d e p o l e v e d e v a h t a h t . y ti l a e r h ti w h c u o t n i d n a l a c it ir c e r o m g n i m o c e b o t n i d e p o l e v e d e v a h s c it s ir e t c a r a h c J.
P .Waters ’characte irsitc sdo no tchanget otallyalso becausehis j ob i s j us tdone i n fl e s e h t e r a d e p o l e v e d e v a h t a h t s c it s ir e t c a r a h c s i h f o e m o S . s y a d e e r h
t -absorbed ,
e r o m o t n i d e p o l e v e d e v a h s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e s o h t n e h T . e v it c a rt t a d n a , s u o n y g o s i m a e l b m u
h nd appreciate help .The i nteraciton sand t he condiiton swhich cont irbute t o d n a t n e m n o ri v n e l a i c o s e h t f o s e g n a h c e h t e r a t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o r a B h t u R e t u b ir t n o c h c i h w s n o it i d n o c e h t d n a s n o it c a r e t n i e h T . s r e t a W . J. P h ti w y p a r e h t o h c y s p s r e t a W . J. P o
x i
K A R T S B A
. I R T S A N A D S A Y T I D A A I R A D S N
A The Contribu iton o fRuth Baron and P.J . s
a t n e m p o l e v e D r e t c a r a h C r i e h T o t n o it c a r e t n I ’ s r e t a
W Seen i nAnna Campion
s ’ n o i p m a C e n a J d n
a Holy Smoke .Yogyaka tra :Jurusan Sasrta Inggirs ,Fakutlas s
a ti s r e v i n U , a rt s a
S SanataDharma ,2013. i
s p ir k
S ii n membahastentangperubahankarakterd aa ird u tokohutamadalam l
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n HolySmoke. Tokohtersebut aad lahRuthBarondanPJ. .Water .s a
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r e t a W . J. P n a d n o r a
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a k ir e b m e m g n a y s r e t a W . J. P n a d n o r a B h t u
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S ii n adalah studi anailsi syang menerapkan metode kepustakaan .Data utamadiamblidar inove lHolySmokedandata yangl aindiambli ird a buku-bukul ain
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il u n e p , s i s il a n
a menggunakan pendekatan psikologi .s H ial i n karena certia dalam i
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n berkatian dengan perubahan karakte ryang dialami oleh d ua tokoh utama , .s
r e t a W . J. P n a d n o r a B h t u R
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P menyimpulkan bahwa Ruth Baron dan PJ. .Waters ,dua tokoh utama l
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d ,mengalami perubahan karakter karena interaksi mereka. Karakte irsasi a
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m menjadi lebih baik. Karakte rRuth Baron itdak mengalami perubahan secara n
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k karenaterapihanyadliakukandalam ait g h ar.iBeberapakarakte irsitknya i
m a l a g n e m g n a
y perubah anadalah itdakreailsits ,egois ,danpemberontak.Kemudian k
it s ir e t k a r a
k tersebut berubah menjadilebih k irits nd a reailsit .sKarakte rPJ. .Waters k
a d
it mengalamiperubahansecarakeseluruhankarenapeke jraannyahanyadliakukan m
a l a
d ait g ha ir .Beberapakarakte irsitknya yang mengalami perubahan adalah egois , i
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m wantia d an berpiki r bahwa di irnya mena irk. Kemudian karakte irsitk t
u b e s r e
t berubah menjadi lebih rendah hat id an menghargai bantuan. Interaksi nd a g
n a y i s i d n o
k membe irkankont irbusiterhadapperubahankarakte rRuth Baronadalah n
a h a b u r e
p socia lsektiar nd a psikoterap iyang dliakukan PJ. .Water .s Interaksi nd a g
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k membe irkan kont irbusi terhadap perubahankarakte rPJ. .Water sadalah n
a h a b u r e
p seseorang yang berarit dalam hidupnya nd oa m itvasi untuk dicintai oleh .
1 1 R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
e h t f o d n u o r g k c a b e h t s i tr a p t s ri f e h T . s tr a p r u o f o t n i d e d i v i d s i r e t p a h c s i h T
m e l b o r p e h t s i t r a p d n o c e s e h T . y d u t s e h t f o n o s a e r e h t s e s s u c s i d h c i h w y d u t s
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.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
, l e v o n a s e z y l a n a r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t n
I Holy SmokebyAnnaCampion and
C e n a
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o i p m a
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d n a l a e Z w e
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T Holy Smoke .The
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o t n w a r d s i e h s , a i d n I o t ti s i v s ’ n o r a B h t u R g n ir u
D joina cutl l ed by aguru .
m o r f r e h e e r f o t ,s r e t a W . J. P , t s il a i c e p s t l u c n a c ir e m A n a s e ri h y li m a f n a il a rt s u A r e H
e t o m e r a t a e m it e t a v ir p a d n e p s n e h t s r e t c a r a h c n i a m o w t e h T . e c n e u lf n i s ’t l u c e h t
o r p g n i m m a r g o r p e d e h t s A . s y a d e e r h t r o f a il a rt s u A n i m r a
f gressed ,PJ. .Water sand
B h t u
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k o o l o t g n it s e r e t n i t i s d n if r e ti r w e h T . r e m m a r g o r p e d e h t k a e r b o
t i nto how the
n e e w t e b n o it c a r e t n
i Ruth Baron and PJ. . Water s cont irbute to thei r characte r .t
n e m p o l e v e d
n o s n o i s s u c s i d s u o i v e r p , r e v o e r o
M Holy Smoke notably by Barry Johnson (http://www.ausitnchronicle.com/books/1999- 01 -01/74051) , Ch ir s Mtichell (http://wwws.pikemagazine.com/0100holysmoke.php) , Massimo Inrtovigne (http://www.cesnu .rorgt/est/iholysmoke.htm) , do no t discus s the characte r
f o t n e m p o l e v e
d Ruth Baron andPJ. .Water sand how t herii nteraciton scont irbute t o s
n h o J y r r a B .t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c r i e h
t on discusse son how the Campion sister s l l e h c ti M t s ir h C , d n a h r e h t o e h t n O . s r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t f o s n o i n i p o e h t t n e s e r p
n e e w t e b p i h s n o it a l e r e h t n o s e s u c o
f Ruth Baron and PJ. .Waters ,and Massimo e
h w s r e t p a h c s e t a n r e tl a l e v o n e h t w o h t u o b a s k l a t e n g i v o rt n
I re Ruth Baron and PJ. .
. y r o t s e h t f o n o i s r e v n w o r i e h t ll e t s r e t a W
f o e r u t a e f g n it s e r e t n i e h t n o d e s a b , e r o f e r e h
T Ruth Baron and PJ. .Waters ’
, t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h
c the wrtie rdecidest o perform at horough analysi soni tusing r
e t c a r a h c n o s e ir o e h t t n e r r u
n o it a l u m r o F m e l b o r P . B
l e v o n e h t f o s r e t c a r a h c e h t n o n o i s s u c s i d
A Holy Smoke immediately pose s
.s w o ll o f s a s m e l b o r p e m o s
.
1 How are Ruth Baron and PJ. .Water scharacteirzed in Anna Campion and Jane s
’ n o i p m a
C HolySmoke? .
2 Wha taret hecharacte rdevelopment s tofRuhBaronandPJ. .Waters? .
3 How does t he i nteraciton between Ruth Baron and PJ. .Waters cont irbute t o t hei r ?
t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c
s e v it c e j b O . C
s m i a y d u t s e h
T oft hi sw iritngi st opresen tadiscussionabou tthecont irbuiton r
i e h t o t n o it c a r e t n i ’ s r e t a W . J. P d n a n o r a B h t u R f
o characte rdevelopmen tfrom a
a n n A y b l e v o
n Campion and Jane Campion enitlted Holy Smoke. The discussion i s l
n i a
m ytoanswert het hreeproblem sposedi nt heproblemf ormulaiton .Therefore, the o
g al soft hes tudyareasf ollow .s .
1 to ifnd ou thow RuthBaron and PJ. .Water sare characte irzed i nt he nove l e
k o m S y l o H .
2 to ifndoutt hecharacte rdevelopmen to fRuthBaronandPJ. .Watersi nt he l
e v o
n HolySmoke .
3 to ifndou thowRuthBaronandPJ. .Waters ’i nteracitoncont irbutet ot hei r t
.
D De ifni itono fTerms
s m r e t t n a tr o p m i e h t s e s s u c s i d r e ti r w e h t ,r e t p a h c b u s s i h t n
I usedi n t hist hesi s
.s w o ll o f s a
r e t c a r a h C . 1
n i ) 0 2 : 1 8 9 1 ( s m a r b A o t g n i d r o c c
A Glossaryo fL tieraryTerms ,character sare l a n o it i s o p s i d d n a l a r o m h ti w d e w o d n e , k r o w e v it a r r a n a r o c it a m a r d a n i ,s n o s r e p e h t
y a s y e h t t a h w n i d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e it il a u
q –the dialogue- and wha tthey do – the n
o it c
a -.I nothe rword ,st hecharacter sdisplayt hei rcharacte irsitc sandmora lvaluesi n .l
e v o n e h t n i n o it c a e h t d n a e u g o l a i d e h t
t n e m p o l e v e D r e t c a r a h C . 2
, k o o b s i h n i s e u g r a ) 3 2 : 6 7 9 1 ( s a n u k i
P Human Development :An Emergen t e
c n e i c
S , t ha tdevelopment i sakind o fprocesse so fgrowth ,maturaiton,l earning and .t
n e m e v e i h c a
n i ) 1 7 : 4 7 9 1 ( e n ir r e P e c n e r u a
L Ltierature :Structure ,Sound and Sense state s r
o c it a t s s a d e if i s s a l c e b n a c s r e t c a r a h c l a n o it c if l l a t a h
t dynamic .The developing o r
r e h r o s i h f o s t c e p s a e m o s n i e g n a h c t n e n a m r e p a s e o g r e d n u r e t c a r a h c c i m a n y d
r e p , r e t c a r a h
c sonaltiy o roultook .The change may be fo ra l arge o ra smal lone, i t .s
i s a b r o t n a tr o p m i g n i h t e m o s s i ti t u b , e s r o w r o r e tt e b e b y a m
e h t r o h t w o r g e h t s n a e m t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c , 2 d n a 1 m r e t g n i n i b m o C
t , r o i v a h e b , g n il e e f , t h g u o h t s ’ e r u g if a f o g n i g n a h
o t n o it c a s i h f o t l u s e r e h t s a d o ir e p e v i s s e c c u s d n a t n e m n o ri v n e h g u o r h t k r o w y r a r e ti l
h t o e h t f o e c n e u lf n i e h t f o s s e l d r a g e r s e v it o m e m o s ll if l u
f e rcharacter so rhi spastl fie.
n o it c a r e t n I . 3
r o n o it a u ti s e h t s i n o it c a r e t n
I occurrence in which two o rmore object so r a h c u s m o r f g n it l u s e r t c e f f e e h t ;t c e f f e w e n a e c u d o r p o t r e h t o n a e n o n o p u t c a s t n e v e
( . e c n e r r u c c o r o n o it a u ti
6
I I R E T P A H C
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
s i h T . s i s y l a n a e h t tr o p p u s o t w e i v e r e m o s s e r o l p x e r e ti r w e h t ,r e t p a h c s i h t n I
l a c it e r o e h t e h t d n a s e ir o e h t d e t a l e r , s e i d u t s d e t a l e r f o s w e i v e r e h t f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c
. k r o w e m a r f
s e i d u t S d e t a l e R f o w e i v e R . A
e e b e v a h e r e h
T n severa lwork son the characte rdevelopment such a sAryo
) 4 0 0 2 ( o n o s k a c i W i d u
B , Gusit Ayu Made Dwi Seitawat i(2003) ,and Lucianawait
(2002) .Theydiscus showt heauthor sdesc irbet hei rcharacte rdevelopmen.t
o n o s k a c i W i d u B o y r
A (2004) in hi sundergraduate thesi senitlte “Mino r
’ e g o o r c S o t s n o it u b ir t n o C r i e h T d n a s r e t c a r a h
C sCharacte rDevelopment” explore s
e h
t confilct sbetweent hemino rcharacter sandt hemajo rcharacterst ha tcont irbutet o
r e t c a r a h c s ’ e g o o r c S f o t n e m p o l e v e d e h
t .Through the confilcts ,Scrooge receive s
r e t c a r a h c s i h f o t n e m p o l e v e d e h t o t s n o it u b ir t n o c t a e r
g seen in Chalre sDickens ’A
l o r a C s a m t s i r h
C .
it s u
G Ayu Made D wi Seitawait (2003) in her undergraduate thesi senitlte
“The Cont irbuiton o fMichae lHenchard’ sCharacte rDevelopmen tand The Plo tto
e h
t Theme” state stha tHenchard’ scharacte rdevelopment and the plo to fthe story
s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o h ti w t c a t n o c d n a t c il f n o c y b d e c n e u lf n i s i h c i h w , n o it u b ir t n o c e v i g
. y r o t s e h t f o e m e h t e h t d r a w o
a h c n i a m e h t w o h d n a s t c a t n o c r i e h t m o r
f racte rovercome sthe stiuaiton sseen in
s ’ y d r a H s a m o h
T TheMayo ro fCasterbridge.
s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u r e h n i ) 2 0 0 2 ( it a w a n a i c u L m o r f s e m o c s i s y l a n a r e h t o n A
B o t s r e t c a r a h C r o n i M e h T f o n o it u b ir t n o C e h T “ e lt it n
e ayard Sa tro irs ’Characte r
e r o l p x e ” t n e m p o l e v e
D sthe characte irsitc o fthe main characte rwhich developed
t f o s e c n a t s m u c ri c e h t r e d n
u he mino r characters ’ impo trance seen in Wliilam
s ’ r e n k l u a
F TheUnvanquished. d u l c n o c e b n a c t
I edt hatt hepreviouss tudies aret hesamediscussi onabou tt he
r e t c a r a h
c development ,but t hei rcharacterisitc sdevelop because of t he cont irbuiton
. y r o t s e h t f o t o l p e h t d n a r e t c a r a h c r o n i m e h t f
o In t hi sstudy,t hewrtie rdiscusse son
s t n e s e r p r o h t u a e h t w o
h Ruth Baron and PJ. . Waters ’ characteirs itc sand thei r
r e t c a r a h c r i e h t o t e t u b ir t n o c h c i h w n o it c a r e t n i ri e h t s a l l e w s a , t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c
.t n e m p o l e v e d
s e i r o e h T d e t a l e R f o w e i v e R . B
o y r o e h T .
1 n CharacterandCharacterizaiton
o s r e p a s a d e r e d i s n o c e b y l p m i s n a c r e t c a r a h c
A n who ha sa role i n a story .
. r e t c a r a h c e h t d e ll a c s i y r o t s a n i d e t n e s e r p n o s r e p a t a h t s n i a l p x e ) 0 2 : 1 8 9 1 ( s m a r b A
s c it s ir e t c a r a h c n i a tr e c g n i v a h s a r e t c a r a h c e h t t e r p r e t n i s r e d a e r e h t t a h t s d d a s m a r b A
d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e l o r ri e h t y a l p y e h t y a w e h t n
i bywhatt heysaw ort hei rdialogue
a s a h r e t c a r a h c h c a E . t s e r e t n i s ’ r e d a e r e h t f o t n i o p l a rt n e c e h t e r a s r e t c a r a h C
e h t e v a h y e h T . c it a m a r d d n a g n it s e r e t n i e r o m l e v o n e h t g n i k a m n i e l o r t n e r e f fi d
e h t r o f n o it n e tt a t s e ll u
f readers( Henkle ,1977 :92 .)
w o
N turnt othecharacte irzaiton ,Murphy( 1972 :161-173 )present snineway s
r e t c a r a h c f o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c e h t t n e s e r p n a c r o h t u a n a h c i h w n
i si n al tieraryworka s
.s w o ll o f
n o it p ir c s e D l a n o s r e P . a
r a h c a e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h
T acte rby using appearance and clothing .The reader s
d n a r e t c a r a h c e h t f o y d o b e h t f o s tr a p e k il , r e t c a r a h c a f o k o o l e l b i s i v a y l n o t e g l li w
.) 1 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 , y h p r u M ( s r a e w e h s r o e h s e h t o l c e h t
r e h t o n a y b n e e s s a r e t c a r a h C . b
e t c a r a h c a e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h
T rthrough the view ,opinions ,atttiudes ,and
s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o e g a m i d e t c e lf e r a t e g l li w s r e d a e r e h T . s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o f o s t n e m m o c
.) 2 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 , y h p r u M ( y a rt r o p o t s d n e t n i r o h t u a e h t h c i h w
h c e e p S . c
n a s r e d a e r g n i v i g y b r e t c a r a h c a e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h
T insight i nto t he character s
.) 4 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 , y h p r u M ( e s u y e h t e g a u g n a l e h t d n a k a e p s y e h t y a w e h t h g u o r h t
e fi L t s a P . d
e h t g n i v i g y b s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e p a h s o t p l e h t a h t s t n e v e o t s e u l c e d i v o r p n a c r o h t u a e h T
p l e h e r a s e u l c e h T . e fi l t s a p ’ s r e t c a r a h c e h t s r e d a e
: 2 7 9 1 ( l a i c e p s g n i h t e m o s s e o d r o c it s ir e t c a r a h c r a l u c it r a p a s a h e h n e h w s a h r e t c a r a h c
.) 6 6 1
s r e h t o f o n o it a s r e v n o C . e
o t y lt c e ri d s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t e b ir c s e d d n a t n e m m o c n a c r o h t u a e h T
, y h p r u M ( s r e d a e
r 1972 :167 .)
s n o it c a e R . f
o t s d n o p s e r r e t c a r a h c a w o h g n i w o h s y b s r e t c a r a h c e h t e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h T
e h t f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t o t s e u l c e v i g y a m n o it c a e r e h T . s t n e v e d n a s n o it a u ti s s u o ir a v
.) 0 7 1 : 2 7 9 1 , y h p r u M ( r e t c a r a h c
t n e m m o C t c e ri D . g
m m o c r o h t u a e h
T ent sand desc irbe sthe characte irsitc so fthe character sdrieclty to
s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t e z il a u s i v o t s r e d a e r e h t r o f y a w t s e b e h t s e m o c e b s i h T . s r e d a e r
.) 0 7 1 : 2 7 9 1 , y h p r u M ( l a e v e r o t s t n a w y lt c a x e r o h t u a e h t t a h w w o n k y e h t e s u a c e b
s t h g u o h T . h
c r o h t u a e h
T angiver eader sadriec tknowledgeonwha tacharacteri st hinkingabout .
n i e r a n e h t s r e d a e r e h T . s e d u ti tt a r o h c e e p s h g u o r h t d e t n e s e r p e b n a c t h g u o h t e h T
t s o m n i e h t o t n i d e g g u l p e c i v e d g n i n e t s il t e r c e s a e v a h y e h t e c n i s n o it i s o p d e g e li v ir p
e h t f o t h g u o h
m s ir e n n a M . i
. s e i s a r c n y s o i d i r o , s ti b a h , m s ir e n n a m h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c a e z ir e t c a r a h c n a c r o h t u a e h T
, y h p r u M ( s c it s ir e t c a r a h c s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t t u o b a g n i h t e m o s r e d a e r ll e t y a m s g n i h t e s o h T
.) 3 7 1 : 2 7 9 1
o y r o e h T .
2 n CharacterDevelopment
a h e b , y ti l a n o s r e p e h t e g n a h c y a m s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o t n e m p o l e v e d e h
T vior ,and
r e t c a r a h c e h t f o d n i
m .Therefore ,Per irne (1974 :71 )divides t he characters i nto t wo ,
.s r e t c a r a h c c i m a n y d d n a c it a t s
r e t c a r a h C c it a t S . a
s e o d r e t c a r a h c h c u
S no t undergo a change and wli l have the same
n n i g e b e h t m o r f s c it s ir e t c a r a h
c ing unit lthe end o fthe story .Thi si sdue to the
r e t n i r e d r o s i d e h t r o g n i g n a h c t n e v e e h t f o e c n e u lf n
i - arel itonship wtih othe r
.s r e t c a r a h c
r e t c a r a h C c i m a n y D . b
r e t c a r a h c c i m a n y
D i salsocalledadevelopingcharacte randi st heoppostieo f
e b n a c t i d n a s n o it i d n o c n i a tr e c n i e g n a h c l li w r e t c a r a h c e h T . r e t c a r a h c c it a t s e h t
t n e n a m r e p a o g r e d n u n a c r e t c a r a h c g n i p o l e v e d A . s e it il i b i s s o p e m o s o t n i d e p o l e v e d
i h f o s t c e p s a e m o s n i e g n a h
c so rhe rcharacter ,personaltiy o roultook .The change
. e s r o w r o r e tt e b r o f d n a e n o l l a m s a r o e g r a l a r o f e b y a m
e h t m o r f d e r u s a e m e b t o n n a c s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o y ti c i m a n y d e h t , e r o m r e h tr u F
e h t f o e c n e r e f fi d t n a c if i n g i s e h t m o r f t u b e g n a h c e h t f o y ti t n a u
y n a m , x e l p m o c s i r e t c a r a h c c i m a n y d a , e r o f e r e h T . s t n e v e e m o s n
i -sided andr equrie s
n a r e p e e d
a alysist hanas taitccharacte .r
o y r o e h T .
3 n PersonaltiyDevelopment
e f , s t h g u o h t f o s n r e tt a p c it s ir e t c a r a h c m o r f d e s o p m o c s i y ti l a n o s r e p
A eilng s
w e i v r e v o / d o / m o c .t u o b a . y g o l o h c y s p // : p tt h ( e u q i n u n o s r e p a r e d n e r t a h t s r o i v a h e b d n a
.) m t h .f e d n o s r e p / a / y ti l a n o s r e p f o
r i e h t t u o h g u o r h t n a m u h f o h t w o r g e h t s e b ir c s e d t n e m p o l e v e d d r o w e h T
m , h t w o r g f o s s e c o r p a s i tI . h t a e d o t n o it p e c n o c m o r f n a p s e fi
l aturaiton,l earning ,and
.) 3 2 : 6 7 9 1 , s a n u k i P ( t n e m e v e i h c a
0 2 1 : 4 7 9 1 ( k c o lr u
H -122 )dividest he developmen toft hecharactersi ntot hree
s w o ll o f s a s e ir o g e t a c r o j a
m .
e s r o W s u s r e v r e tt e B . a
n i k e h t t c e lf e r e s r o w e h t r o f r o r e tt e b e h t r o f s e g n a h c y ti l a n o s r e
P d o flfie
n i e s r o w e h t r o f s e g n a h c y ti l a n o s r e P . e m it e h t t a g n i k a m s i l a u d i v i d n i e h t t n e m t s u j d a
.) 0 2 1 : 4 7 9 1 , k c o lr u H ( e g a e l d d i m d n a y tr e b u p t a r u c c o e l p o e p l a m r o n
e v it a ti l a u Q s u s r e v e v it a ti t n a u Q . b
y ll a u s u t i a rt t n e s e r p y d a e rl a n a , s e g n a h c e v it a ti l a u q n
I an undesriable one, i s
r o f , s s e n h s if l e s f o e s a c e h t n I . e n o e l b a ri s e d a y ll a u s u , ti a rt r e h t o n a y b d e c a l p e r
d n a d e t a n i m il e s a w s s e n h s if l e s t a h t n a e m d l u o w e g n a h c e v it a ti l a u q a , e l p m a x e
e rl a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c , s e g n a h c e v it a ti t n a u q n I . y ti s o r e n e g h ti w d e c a l p e
s s e l e m o c e b y ll a u s u s ti a rt e l b a ri s e d n U . d e n e k a e w r o , d e n e h t g n e rt s , d e c r o f n i e r
n
u desriable( Hu lrock ,1974 :120 .)
e g n a h C d i p a R s u s r e v w o l S . c
d i p a r e li h w , e l b it p e c r e p y l e r a b e r a y e h t f i w o l s s a d e d r a g e r e r a s e g n a h C
e b o t y l k c i u q e r a s e g n a h
c understood t o all .Normally ,personaltiy change sare slow
s a h n r e tt a p y ti l a n o s r e p e h t e r o f e b d o o h d li h c n i n e v e , w o l s e r a y e h T . l a u d a r g d n a
d e n r a e l y l s u o i v e r p a f o g n i k a e r b e h t s e v l o v n i e g n a h c y r e v e e s u a c e b , t e s l l e w e m o c e b
h w e n a f o g n i n r a e l e h t d n a t i b a
h abtit or eplace ti(Hu lrock ,1974 :122).
y ll a u s U . d r o c c a n w o r i e h t f o r u c c o t o n o d y ti l a n o s r e p n i s e g n a h c , e r o m r e h tr u F
e h t o t d e t a l e r s g n il e e f d n a s t h g u o h t n i s n o i s i v e r e l p it l u m f o t l u s e r e h t e r a y e h t
y ti l a n o s r e p f o s e g n a h c e h T . fl e s f o s t p e c n o c s ’ n o s r e
p can be affected by severa l
r u H ( s n o it i d n o
c lock ,1974 :124-130 )asf ollow .s
d n a s e ir u j n i r o s s e n ll i y b d e s u a c e b n a c s e g n a h c l a c i s y h p e h T : s e g n a h C l a c i s y h P . a
, y tr e b u p t a n e p p a h s e g n a h c l a c i s y h p e h t fI . s e it il a n o s r e p ’ s r e t c a r a h c e h t t c e f f a l li w
a c n o s r e p
a nundergochangesi ns efl-concept( Hu lrock ,1974 :124 .)
. l a i c o s r o l a c i s y h p r e h ti e e b n a c s e g n a h c t n e m n o ri v n e e h T : s e g n a h C t n e m n o ri v n E . b
t n e m n o ri v n e w e n e h t h ti w s e p o c n o s r e p a l l e w w o h n o d n e p e d s e g n a h c e h T
) 5 2 1 : 4 7 9 1 , k c o lr u H (
h C s ’ e l p o e P t n a c if i n g i S .
c anges :Changesi n signi ifcan tpeoplei n a person’sl fie can
e h t o t t s u j d a o t s a h n e tf o n o s r e p n e v i g A . ll e w s a n o s r e p t a h t n i s e g n a h c e k o v o r p
g n a h c e s e h T . e fi l r e h r o s i
h e smayno tbe marked no rare t hey alway spermanen t
.) 6 2 1 : 4 7 9 1 , k c o lr u H (
s ’ e n o e m o s e k a m n a c e r u s s e r p l a i c o s n i s e g n a h C : e r u s s e r p l a i c o s n i s e g n a h C . d
s a h y ll a m r o n e n o y r e v e e c n i S . y ll a i c o s d e t p e c c a e b o t r e d r o n i s e g n a h c y ti l a n o s r e p
c a e b o t e ri s e d g n o rt s
a cepted by those who are signi ifcan tto him ,he t ire sto
. d e t p e c c a g n i e b m i h t s n i a g a e t a ti li m l li w t a h t t i a rt y ti l a n o s r e p y n a e g n a h c
, s s e n i s s o b , s s e n y h s s a h c u s s e r u s s e r p l a i c o s g n o rt s e h t , e r o m r e h tr u F
o t y ti li b i s s o p h c u m e v a h s s e n i d e e r g d n a s s e n e v i s s e r g g
a encourage change sin
, n o it c e f f a , n o it a ri m d a f o s ti a rt e h t n a h t r e h t a r y ti l a n o s r e p f o t c e p s a n i a tr e c
.) 6 2 1 : 4 7 9 1 , k c o lr u H ( y ti s o r e n e g d n a s s e n e v it a r e p o o c
f o s e g n a h c e h t f o e s u a c e b r u c c o y a m e l o r s ’ e n o f o s e g n a h C : e l o r s ’ e n o f o s e g n a h C . e
i d n o c c i m o n o c e , e g
a iton sandaf ifilaitonwtihanew group .When t her esul toft he
e h t n i r e tt e b r o f e g n a h c a e b l li w e r e h t ,s u t a t s e l b a r o v a f a o t n i n o s r e p a t u p s e g n a h c
fl e s s ’ n o s r e
p -concept( Hu lrock ,1974 :127 .)
h t e v o r p m i o t n o it a v it o m e h t n e h W : n o it a v it o m f o e e r g e d e h T .
f e personaltiypattern
n r e tt a p r i e h t e v o r p m i y ll a r e n e g e l p o e P . d e t c e f f a e b n a c s e g n a h c , h g u o n e g n o rt s s i
l a i c o s r i e h t e v o r p m i o t o s l a d n a e c n a t p e c c a l a i c o s r e t a e r g t e g o t r e d r o n i
.) 7 2 1 : 4 7 9 1 , k c o lr u H ( p i h s n o it a l e r
fl e s f o s e g n a h c e h T .
g -concept i none’ spersonaltiy :This t ypeo fchangewli lchange
fl e s n i s e g n a h c , e r o f e r e h T . y l e t e l p m o c y ti l a n o s r e p s i
h -concep taremoredfi ifcutli n
t n e m n o ri v n e d n a l a n o it o m e , l a u t c e ll e t n i y l e m a
n .Thei ntellectua lobstaclehappen s
d n a s m e l b o r p e v l o s o t r o i v a h e b n i a tr e c a o t d e m o t s u c c a e b o t d n e t e l p o e p e s u a c e b
s i e l c a t s b o l a n o it o m e e h T . s m e l b o r p e h t r o f s n o it u l o s r e h t o e e s t o n n a c e r o f e r e h t
h w s n o it c a f s it a s s i d e c n e ir e p x e e l p o e p t a h t t c a f e h t o t e u
d ent heyarei nchargewtih
s i e h n e h w s e it l u c if fi d e v a h t h g i m r e w o ll o f a , e l p m a x e n a s A . y ti li b i s n o p s e r r e h g i h
e li t s o h a n i g n i e b a s a h c u s , s e l c a t s b o l a t n e m n o ri v n e e h T . r e d a e l a e b o t d e n g i s s a
fl e s s ’ n o s r e p a t c e f f a n a c , t n e m n o ri v n e y l d n e ir f n u r
o -concep.t A san example ,a
d e s a b e l p o e p e g d u j o t s d n e t h c i h w t n e m n o ri v n e n a n i s e it l u c if fi d e v a h l li w n o s r e p
) 8 2 1 : 4 7 9 1 , k c o lr u H ( n o i g il e r r o e c a r ri e h t n o
t h g i s n i r e tt e b a n i a g o t n o s r e p a p l e h n a c y p a r e h t o h c y s p f o e s u e h T : y p a r e h t o h c y s P . h
il a e r n u r e h r o s i h o t n
i sitcally favorable o runfavorable concept .The t herapy also
fl e s w o h e z i n g o c e r o t e n o e m o s s p l e
h -concept i n lfuences t he qualtiy o fhi so rhe r
fl e s s i h l a n o it a r ri w o h e z il a e r o t d n a r o i v a h e
b -concep tandhi sbehavio .rI tcanalso
v it o m e h t t e g o t e n o e m o s p l e
h aiton and knowledge to change hi ssefl-concep t
.) 9 2 1 : 4 7 9 1 , k c o lr u H (
k r o w e m a r F l a c it e r o e h T . C
w e h t , y d u t s s i h t n
I rtie rusest hreet heo irest oanalyzet het opicabou tcharacte r
t n e m p o l e v e
d .They are t heoryon characte rand characte irzaiton,t heory on ach racte r
o y r o e h t d n a , t n e m p o l e v e
d n personaltiy development .Theory on characterbyM .H .
s m a r b
A and theory on characte irzaiton by M .J .Murphy are sutiable mean sfo r
n o r a B h t u R d n a s r e t a W . J. P f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t g n i d n
, d n a
h the theory on characte rdevelopment by Laurence Per irne i s used to ifnd the
s c it s ir e t c a r a h c s ’ n o r a B h t u R d n a ’ s r e t a W . J. P f o t n e m p o l e v e
d . The thrid theory i s
y r o e h t s i h T . k c o lr u H . B h t e b a z il E y b t n e m p o l e v e d y ti l a n o s r e p n o y r o e h
t i sused t o
d n
6 1
I I I R E T P A H C
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n e s o h c e h t , y d u t s e h t f o t c e j b o e h t ,s n o it c e s e e r h t o t n i d e d i v i d s i e e r h t r e t p a h C
. y d u t s e h t g n it e l p m o c n i d e s u s d o h t e m e h t d n a s i s y l a n a e h t f o s e h c a o r p p a
y d u t S e h t f o t c e j b O . A
s e s s u c s i d r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t n
I HolySmoke ,a collaboraitvenove lbetween
a n n A , s r e t s i s o w
t Campion and Jane Campion .Jane Campion ha sbeen successfu l t i a rt r o P e h T , o n a i P e h T s a h c u s s e i v o m d e t a r b e l e c d n a l a i s r e v o rt n o c f o s e ir e s a h ti w
n o i p m a C t a h t s t n e m m o c l l e h c ti M . e l b a T y M t a l e g n A n A d n a y d a L A f
o ’ swork sare
s a h n o i p m a C a n n A . s c it il o p l a u x e s f o s n o it a r o l p x e s u o u t p m u s y a l p s i d d n a x e l p m o c
. e i v o m e h t , d e d a o L g n it c e ri d y b s s e c c u s a e d a m o s l a
t I . k r o Y w e N n o ir e p y H , x a m a ri M y b 9 9 9 1 n i d e h s il b u p t s ri f s a w l e v o n e h T
e d i v i d e r a h c i h w s e g a p 9 5 2 f o s t s i s n o
c di nto23chapters .Thepubilcaitonoft henove l y b d e c u d o r p o s l a , e lt it e m a s e h t h ti w n o i s r e v m li f s ti f o e r e i m e r p e h t d e d e c e r p
. x a m a ri M
e t a W . J. P d n a n o r a B h t u R , s r e t c a r a h c n i a m o w t d n u o r a s e v l o v e r y r o t s e h
T rs .
y t n e w t a s i n o r a B h t u
R -y -ear oldAusrtailan gi lr .Herf ather i sadutlerous ,he rbrothe r n
i r e t s i s r e h d n a y h p a r g o n r o p h ti w d e s s e s b o s
i -law i spromiscuou sand even t ires t o
t l u c a n i d e v l o v n i y l p e e d s e m o c e b e h s , a i d n I n i g n il l e v a rt e li h W . s r e t a W . J. P e c u d e s
a m t a a d i h C , u r u g a y b d e
r e h s tr e l a , lr i g n a il a rt s u A r e h t o n a , n o i n a p m o c g n il l e v a rt r e H . u r u g e h t h ti w s y a t s d n a n a i d n I n a g n ir a e w n o r a B h t u R f o e r u t c i p a h ti w r e h g n it n e s e r p y b r e h t o m d e ir r o w a rt s u A n a s t c a t n o c y l e t a i d e m m i n o r a B . s r M . ir a
s ilan psychotherapist ,who in turn
. J. P , k r o Y w e N m o r f r e m m a r g o r p e d t l u c l u f s s e c c u s y l h g i h a h ti w r e h s t c e n n o c e l d d i m s i s r e t a W . J. P , n o r a B h t u R f o s s e n l u f h t u o y e h t o t y r a rt n o C . s r e t a
W -aged and
p o e p e e r f o t r o e l p o e p m a r g o r p e d o t d e ri h y ll a u s u s i e H . e r u t a
m lewhoareaffectedby
e v i s s e r g g a s e s u e h , k r o w s i h n I . tl u c a f o g n i h s a w n i a r b e h t r o e c n e u lf n i e h t e ti n if e d n i n a r o f e n o l a s t n e it a p s i h h ti w y a t s o t m i h s e ri u q e r h c i h w y p a r e h t o h c y s p o s s i e h , s t n e it a p s i h h ti w s s e n e s o l c d e ri u q e r e h t o t e u D . e m it f o t n u o m
a meitme s
r e m r o f s i h s i e é c n a if t n e r r u c s i H . t n e it a p s i h h ti w d e v l o v n i y ll a n o it o m e .t n e it a p g n i m m a r g o r p e d o t e m o c o t r e h t o m r e h y b d e k c ir t s i e h s , n o r a B h t u R o t n i a g a n r u t w o N s t p m e tt a l l a s t s i s e r e h s , t s ri f t A . s s e c o r p g n i m m a r g o r p e d e h t tr a t s o t a il a rt s u
A tob irng
s a h r e h t o m r e h n e h w , r e v e w o H . g n i y d g n i e b r e h t a f r e h f o k c ir t a g n i d u l c n i , e m o h r e h a t a h t g n i w o n k t o n a il a rt s u A o t k c a b o g o t s e e r g a y ll a n if e h s , k c a tt a c it a m h t s a n a . r e h s ti a w a t s i p a r e h t n g i e r o f a h ti w g n i m m a r g o r p e d g n i v ir r
A i nAusrtaila ,RuthBaroni sunwliilnglyt akent oar emotef armandi s s i n o r a B h t u R . s r e t a W . J. P h ti w n o i s s e s g n i m m a r g o r p e d e t a v ir p a e v a h o t d e c r o f . J. P t h g if o t s d n e t n i e h s d n a , g n i m m a r g o r p e d d e c r o f e h t h ti w y p p a h n u y l s u o i v b o , d n a h r e h t o e h t n O . tr a t s e h t m o r f k c a b s r e t a
f o s o e d i v d n a s n o i s s u c s i d h ti w r e h s t n o r f n o c y lr e g a e s r e t a W . J. P , n o r r a B h t u R m o r f
w u r u g s ’ n o r a B g n ir a p m o c s a h c u s g n i h s a w n i a r b d n a s tl u
c tiht hemurderou scul tguru
( r e w o ll o f d n il b a s a r e h s l e b a l d n a n o s n a M s e lr a h
C CampionandCampion ,1999 :8 -7
. ) 8 8
n o r a B h t u R n e e w t e b r e w o p d n a e c n e u lf n i f o e lt t a b a o t n i s n r u t n e h t y r o t s e h T
.s r e t a W . J. P d n
a On one side ,PJ. .Water si sdetermined to break Ruth Baron’ s
, e d i s r e h t o e h t n o d n a , tl u c r e h e v a e l o t r e h m a r g o r p e d y l b i s s o p d n a e s n e f e d t n e il i s e r
. r e m m a r g o r p e d e h t k a e r b o t y t u a e b l u f h t u o y r e h h ti w m i h e c u d e s o t s e ir t n o r a B h t u R
o t n i n r u t s n o i s s u c s i d l a c i h p o s o li h p d n a l a u ti ri p s g n it s e r e t n i e h t , n o o
S sexua lcontacts .
p i h s n o it a l e r e s n e t n i e h t h ti w d e l g n a t s e m o c e b g n i m m a r g o r p e d t n e c o n n i d e d n e t n i e h T
n e e w t e
b Ruth Baron and PJ. .Waters .However ,a sInrtovigne observes ,none of t he h
t o B . t n e c o n n i y ll a t o t e r a s r e t c a r a h c n i a
m Ruth Baron and PJ. .Water sdisplay t hei r
o t t n a t c u l e r t o n s i o h w n a m d l o n a s a d e b ir c s e d s i fl e s m i h s r e t a W . J. P . s e d i s k r a d n w o
g n u o y a f o n o it a ti o l p x e l a u x e s n i e g a g n
e gi lr .A sa resutl ,Inrtovigne concludes t ha t a m e r u t a m e h t n e e w t e b y a l p r e t n i l a u x e s o h c y s p a o t n i n r u t g n i m m a r g o r p e d e h
t n ,PJ. .
. n o r a B h t u R , r e g a n e e t e h t d n a s r e t a W
y d u t S e h t f o h c a o r p p A . B
e h T . h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p a s e s u r e ti r w e h t , k r o w t n e s e r p e h t n I
e h t h ti w s l a e d t i , t s ri F . s r o t c a f l a r e v e s y b d e z ir e t c a r a h c s i h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p
e b n a m u h g n i y lr e d n u t a h t s e v it o
s e ir e t s y m c il o b m y s d n a c it a m e h t s ’ k r o w a g n i v l o s d r a w o t s e u l c l u f e s u y n a m s r e f f o
ll e w a f o y rt e m m y s l u fi t u a e b e h t y l b i s s o p d n
a -wrought l tierarywork .A sar esul,tt he n o it a u ti s a r o y g o l o h c y s p s ’ r e t c a r a h c a e z y l a n a o t y lt a e r g s r e d a e r e h t s p l e h h c a o r p p a
.) 5 2 1 : 9 7 9 1 , n ir e u G ( k r o w y r a r e ti l a n i
, e li h w n a e
M Rohrberge rand Wood sJr .arguet hat t hepsychologica lapproach e
r e f fi d a s w a r
d n tbodyo fknowledge .Thi sapproachi nvolve san effo trt o l ocate and
e h t d n a n o it a e r c r o f y ti c a p a c s ’ n a m a s a h c u s , s n r e tt a p t n e r r u c e r e t a rt s n o m e d
d n if d n i m f o n o i g e r s i h t f o s t n e t n o c e s o h T . r o i v a h e b d n a t h g u o h t s i h f o y ti x e l p m o c
c il o b m y s n i n o i s s e r p x e e h
t word ,s t hought sand aciton s(Rohrberge rand Wood sJ .r ,
.) 5 1 : 1 7 9 1
s i s y l a n a n a h g u o r h t d e il p p a s i h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t , y d u t s t n e s e r p e h t n I
e h T . s t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c r i e h t d n a s r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t f o s e it il a n o s r e p e h t f o
e d e h t t a h t s e m u s s a r e ti r
w velopment soft hecharacter sarei n lfuencedbyeachother’ s n i a m e h t f o s i s y l a n a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h T . e fi l n i s e c n e ir e p x e d n a s e it il a n o s r e p
r e t c a r a h c f o s e ir o e h t g n i s u y b d e v e i h c a s i t n e m p o l e v e d d n a s e it il a n o s r e p ’ s r e t c a r a h c
f o s e ir o e h t , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n
a characte rdevelopmen tand theo ire so fpersonaltiy .t
n e m p o l e v e d
e h t e v r e s b o o t d e s u e r a n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c f o s e ir o e h t e h T
e h t , d n a h r e h t o e h t n O . l e v o n e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c r o s e it il a n o s r e p
e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c f o s e ir o e h
t n tare used to observe the developmen to fthe .l
y d u t S e h t f o d o h t e M . C
e h t f o d o h t e m e h t s a h c r a e s e r y r a r b il s m r o f r e p r e ti r w e h t , k r o w t n e s e r p e h t n I
s a h c u s s e c r u o s n e tt ir w m o r f a t a d n i a t b o d n a t c e ll o c o t s m i a h c r a e s e r e h T . y d u t s
p irntedbook sa swel la saritclest akenf romt hei nternet .
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l e v o n e h t s i e c r u o s e r y r a m ir p e h T . e c r u o s e r y r a d n o c e s e h t d n
a HolySmokew irttenby
r a d n o c e s e h T . s r e t s i s n o i p m a C e h
t yr esource sarebook sonl tieraturef ocusingont he ,t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c f o s e ir o e h t , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c f o s e ir o e h
t and
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r e t c a r a h c e h t f o s i s y l a n a e h t n i d e m r o f r e p s p e t s e h t s e s s u c s i d r e ti r w e h t w o N
f o t n e m p o l e v e
d thenove lHolySmoke .Fris,tt hewrtierr eadt henovels evera litmest o f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t n o d e s u c o f r e ti r w e h t , y r o t s e h t g n i d a e r n I . y r o t s e h t e z il a n r e t n i
r i e h t f o e c n e u lf n i e h t d n a , t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c r i e h t , s r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t
h t o t n o it c a r e t n
i ei rcharacte rdevelopment .Thewrtie rmadenote sandquotedexcerpt s .
e v o b a s i s y l a n a e h t f o t c e j b u s e h t d e y a l p s i d h c i h w l e v o n e h t m o r f
r e t c a r a h c e h t e z y l a n a o t s m e l b o r p e e r h t d e t a l u m r o f r e ti r w e h t , d n o c e S
e h t f o s r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t f o t n e m p o l e v e
d Holy Smoke .Thet hreeproblemsi ncluded n i a m e h t f o n o it c a r e t n i e h t d n a , t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c e h t , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c e h t
r e ti r w e h t , d ri h T . t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c r i e h t o t e t u b ir t n o c h c i h w s r e t c a r a h c
n o s e i d u t s s u o i v e r p r o f k o o l o t h c r a e s e r y r a r b il a d e m r o f r e
p H olySmokeandt heo ire s
e h t n o s e i d u t s s u o i v e r p d e w e i v e r n e h
t Holy Smoke to l ook fo rsubject swhich were
e h t d e il p p a o s l a r e ti r w e h t , e r o m r e h tr u F . s e i d u t s e h t n i d e s s u c s i d t o
n theo ire so f
m o r f d e t c e ll o c s t p r e c x e d n a s e t o n e h t o t n i t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c d n a n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c
l e v o n e h
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