• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Perspektif Agama-agama Di Indonesia Terhadap Pluralisme Agama

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Membagikan "Perspektif Agama-agama Di Indonesia Terhadap Pluralisme Agama"

Copied!
8
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

7(5+$'$33/85$/,60($*$0$ 0DUVXGL8WR\R 6HNRODK7LQJJL,OPX+XNXP6XPSDK3HPXGD -O6XND%DQJXQ,,.P/U6XND3DQGDL1R3DOHPEDQJ HPDLOPDUBXWR\R#\DKRRFRP $EVWUDFW

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

PHQJHPEDQJNDQ DWDX PHPSHUND\D NHDGDDQ \DQJEHUVLIDWSOXUDOWHUVHEXW'DODPNRQWHNV DJDPDDJDPD SOXUDOLVPH PHQJDFX NHSDGD WHRUL DWDX VLNDS EDKZD VHPXD DJDPD PHVNLSXQ GHQJDQ MDODQ \DQJ EHUEHGDEHGD PHQXMXNHSDGDVDWXWXMXDQ\DQJVDPD\DQJ $EVROXW\DQJWHUDNKLU\DNQL7XKDQ

3OXUDOLVPH DGDODK SHQ\HEDE SHUXEDKDQ VRVLDOVDPSDLNHWLGDNSXDVDQPDV\DUDNDWDNDQ NRQGLVL VRVLDOQ\D \DQJ VHFDUD SULEDGL PHPSHQJDUXKL GLUL PHUHND 6HEDJDL VHEXDK FLULNHEHUDJDPDDQSOXUDOLVPHGDQSOXUDOLWDV VHULQJ GLNDFDXNDQ 3OXUDOLWDV VXDWX UHDOLWDV Q\DWD 6HGDQJNDQ SOXUDOLVPH VHEXDK 8PL6XPEXODK,VODP5DGLNDOGDQ3OXUDOLVPH$JDPD6WXGL.RQVWUXNVL6RVLDO$NWLYLV+L]EDO7DKULUGDQ0DMHOLV 0XMDKLGLQGL0DODQJ7HQWDQJ$JDPD.ULVWHQGDQ<DKXGL6XUDED\DKOP

(2)

NHVDGDUDQ DNDQ UHDOLWDV 3OXUDOLWDV LWX PHUXSDNDQ NHQ\DWDDQ 8QWXN PHQJDWXU SOXUDOLWDVGLSHUOXNDQSOXUDOLVPH6HEDEWLGDN ELVDGLSXQJNLULSOXUDOLWDVPHQJDQGXQJELELW SHUSHFDKDQ LQLODK GLSHUOXNDQ VLNDS WROHUDQ NHWHUEXNDDQ GDQ NHVHWDUDDQ 3OXUDOLVPH PHPXQJNLQNDQ WHUMDGLQ\D NHUXNXQDQ GDODP PDV\DUDNDWEXNDQNRQÀLN

3OXUDOLVPH PHQGRURQJ NHEHEDVDQ WHUPDVXN NHEHEDVDQ EHUDJDPD GDQ PHUXSDNDQ SLODU GHPRNUDVL 7LGDN DGD GHPRNUDVL \DQJ VHMDWL WDQSD SOXUDOLVPH 3OXUDOLVPHGLVLQLEHUDUWLSHUOLQGXQJDQQHJDUD WHUKDGDS KDNKDN ZDUJDQHJDUDQ\D XQWXN PHPHOXN DJDPD VHVXDL GHQJDQ DSD \DQJ GL\DNLQLQ\D 3OXUDOLVPHEHUDUWLPHPEDQJXQ WROHUDQVL NLWD KDUXV PHQJDNXL EDKZD VHWLDS DJDPD GHQJDQ SDUD SHPHOXNQ\D PDVLQJ PDVLQJ PHPSXQ\DL KDN \DQJ VDPD XQWXN HNVLV 0DND \DQJ KDUXV GLEDQJXQ DGDODK SHUDVDDQGDQVLNDSVDOLQJPHQJKRUPDWL\DLWX WROHUDQVL GDODP DUWL DNWLI 3OXUDOLVPH EXNDQ

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

%3HPEDKDVDQ

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¿VLNDO PHODLQNDQ MXJD EHUEHGDEHGD GDODP LGH JDJDVDQ EHUNH\DNLQDQ GDQ EHUDJDPD VHEDJDLPDQD \DQJ GLVHEXW GDODP EHEHUDSD ¿UPDQ1\D DQWDUD ODLQ´$QGDLNDQ 7XKDQPXPHQJKHQGDNLWHQWX'LDPHQMDGLNDQ XPDW \DQJ VDWX 'DQ WHWDSL PHUHND VHQDQWLDVD EHUEHGD´ >$O4XUDQ@ ³$QGDLNDQ$OODKPHQJKHQGDNLQLVFD\DNDPX GLMDGLNDQ1\D VDWX XPDW VDMD´ >$O4XUDQ @ 'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQ VDQJDW MHODV EDKZD N H W X Q J J D O D Q G D O D P E H U D J D P D G D Q EHUNH\DNLQDQ WLGDNODK GLNHKHQGDNL 7XKDQ 3DGDD\DWODLQ\DQJVDQJDWSRSXOHUGLVHEXWNDQ ´7LGDNDGDSDNVDDQGDODPPHPDVXNLDJDPD´ >$O4XUDQ@%HUGDVDUNDQD\DWWHUVHEXW GDSDWGLSDKDPLEDKZDGLVDPSLQJWLGDNEROHK DGD SDNVDDQ EDJL VHVHRUDQJ XQWXN PHPHOXN VXDWX DJDPD DWDX SLQGDK DJDPD RUDQJ MXJD GLEHEDVNDQDSDELODPHPLOLKWLGDNEHUDJDPD .DUHQDMDODQ\DQJEHQDUGDQ\DQJVDODKVXGDK GLEHQWDQJNDQ7XKDQ7HUVHUDK NHSDGD VHWLDS RUDQJXQWXNPHPLOLKDQWDUDGXDMDODQWHUVHEXW WHQWX GHQJDQ VHJDOD NRQVHNXHQVLQ\D $OODK

%XGK\0XQDZDU5DFKPDQ$UJXPHQ,VODP8QWXN3OXUDOLVPH-DNDUWD37*UDPHGLD:LGLDVDUDQD,QGRQHVLDKOP

ELGKOP

%XGKL0XQDZDU5DFKPDQ3OXUDOLVPHGDQ,QNOXVLYLVPHGDODP:DFDQD.HEHUDJDPDDQ8SD\D0HQFHJDK.RQÀLN$QWDUDJDPD GDODP6\LIDXO$UL¿QGNNHG0HODZDQ.HNHUDVDQ7DQSD.HNHUDVDQ33,NDWDQ5HPDMD0XKDPPDGL\DK3XVWDND3HODMDU GDQ7KH$VLD)RXQGDWLRQKOP

(3)

GHQJDQVDQJDWLQGDKPHQMHODVNDQNHEHQDUDQ GDQNHEDWLODQDWDXNHLPDQDQGDQNHND¿UDQLQL GDODP GDODP VDODK VDWX D\DW1\D >$O4XUDQ @

- L N D 7X K D Q P H Q J K H Q G D N L E D K Z D PDQXVLD GLFLSWDNDQ EHUEHGDEHGD PDND DGDODK VDQJDW ORJLV GDQ DPDW ELMDNVDQD E D K Z D ' L D M X J D P H P E H U L N D Q SHUOLQGXQJDQ1\D NHSDGD SDUD SHPHOXN DJDPD \DQJ EHUEHGDEHGD WHUVHEXW GDQ W H P S D W W H P S D W P H UH N D P H Q \ H P E D K PHQJDJXQJNDQ RWRULWDV \DQJ PHUHND \DNLQL

>DO4XUDQ@'DQNDUHQDLWXSXODSDGD D\DWODLQ$OODKPHODUDQJXPDW,VODPPHQFDFL PDNL VHVHPEDKDQ SHPHOXN DJDPD ODLQ >$O 4XUDQ@

'DODP NLWDE VXFL GLVHEXWNDQ EDKZD $OODK PHQFLSWDNDQ PHNDQLVPH SHQJDZDVDQ GDQ SHQJLPEDQJDQ DQWDUD VHVDPD PDQXVLD JXQD PHPHOLKDUD NHXWXKDQ EXPL GDQ PHUXSDNDQ VDODK VDWX ZXMXG NHPXUDKDQ 7XKDQ\DQJPHOLPSDKNHSDGDXPDWPDQXVLD ³6HDQGDLQ\D $OODK WLGDN PHOLQGXQJL VHEDJLDQPDQXVLDGHQJDQVHEDJLDQ\DQJODLQ QLVFD\D UXVDNODK EXPL LQL 7HWDSL DOODK PHPSXQ\DL NDUXQLD \DQJ GLOLPSDKNDQ1\D DWDV VHOXUXK DODP´ >DO4XUDQ @ 'LVHEXWNDQ SXOD GDODP VXUDW <XQXV \DQJ PHQ\DWDNDQ VHNLUDQ\D WLGDN NDUHQD VXDWX ¿UPDQ \DQJ NHOXDU GDUL 7XKDQ VXGDK PHQGDKXOXL \DQJ GLSHUVHOLVLKNDQ QLVFD\D VXGDKWHUVHOHVDLNDQDQWDUPHUHND>DO4XUDQ @$O4XUÔDQ VHFDUD WHJDV GDQ MHODV P H Q X Q M X N N D Q D G D Q \ D S O X U D O L W D V G D Q NHDQHNDUDJDPDQDJDPD>DO4XUDQ@ ' D O D P K D G L W V G L V H E X W N D Q , V O D P PHQJKDUXVNDQEHUEXDWEDLNGDQPHQJKRUPDWL KDNKDNWHWDQJJDWDQSDPHPEHGDNDQDJDPD WHWDQJJD WHUVHEXW 6LNDS PHQJKRUPDWL LWX GLKXEXQJNDQGHQJDQLPDQNHSDGD$OODKGDQ LPDQNHSDGDKDULDNKLU$GDMXJDKDGLWV\DQJ PHQ\DWDNDQ VLDSD \DQJ PHQ\DNLWL NDXP ']LPPL NHORPSRN PLQRULWDV QRQ0XVOLP \DQJEHUOLQGXQJGLEDZDKNHNXDVDDQ,VODP EHUDUWLGLDPHQ\DNLWLNXKDGLWV

3OXUDOLVPH $JDPD GDODP SHUVSHNWLI .ULVWHQ

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

3HQHULPDDQ SOXUDOLVPH LQL Q\DWD VHNDOL GDODP WHNVWHNV 3HUMDQMLDQ /DPD GDQ 3HUMDQMLDQ%DUX$OODK\DQJPHQ\DWDNDQGLUL NHSDGD XPDW SLOLKDQ1\D GDODP 3HUMDQMLDQ /DPDGDQ3HUMDQMLDQ%DUXDGDODKVDWXVDWXQ\D $OODK GDQ PHUXSDNDQ $OODK EDQJVDEDQJVD 8, <HV .DUHQD LWX SHUMDQMLDQ $OODK GHQJDQ 0XVD ³$NX DNDQ PHQMDGL$OODKPX GDQ HQJNDX DNDQ PHQMDGL XQWXN.X´ ,P \DQJ GLGDKXOXL ROHK SHUMDQMLDQ1\DGHQJDQ$EUDKDP.HM 1XKGHQJDQWDQGDSHODQJL.HM GDQ $GDP .HM GDQ VHODQMXWQ\D GLWHUXVNDQ PHODOXL 'DXG 0]P GDQ$O 0DVLK DGDODK SHUMDQMLDQ GHQJDQ XPDW PDQXVLD EDKNDQ VHOXUXK GXQLD 'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQ VHMDUDK NHVHODPDWDQ WLGDN GLEDWDVL KDQ\DSDGDVDWXXPDWSLOLKDQVDMDPHODLQNDQ VHOXUXK XPDW PDQXVLD 3LOLKDQ $OODK WLGDN PHPXWXVNDQ ,VUDHO GDUL EDQJVDEDQJVD PHODLQNDQMXVWUXPHQHPSDWNDQPHUHNDGDODP UHODVLGHQJDQEDQJVDEDQJVD3DQJJLODQ,VUDHO DGDODKPHQMDGLVDNVLDWDVSDQJJLODQXQLYHUVDO LWX

'DODP 3HUMDQMLDQ %DUX <HVXV WLGDN KDQ\DGDWDQJNHSDGDRUDQJRUDQJ,VUDHOVDMD PHODLQNDQ MXJD NHSDGD RUDQJRUDQJ QRQ <DKXGL 6HSHUWL SHQ\HPEXKDQ DQDN ODVNDU 5RPDZL 0DW SHQ\HPEXKDQ DQDN SHUHPSXDQ6DPDULD<RK3HQMHODVDQ $O4XUÆDQGDQ7HUMHPDKQ\D0DGLQDK0XMDPPD³$O0DOLN)DKGOL7KLEDDW$O0XVKDI ,ELGKOP

0RK6KRIDQ-DODQ.HWLJD3HPLNLUDQ,VODP,5&L6R'EHNHUMDVDPDGHQJDQ8QLYHUVLWDV0XKDPPDGL\DK*UHVLN8*0 3UHVV-DZD7LPXU<RJ\DNDUWDKOP

$O4XUÆDQGDQ7HUMHPDKQ\D0DGLQDK0XMDPPD³$O0DOLN)DKGOL7KLED³DW$O0XVKDIKOP

,ELGKOP

,ELGKOP

,ELGKOP

%DPEDQJ 5XVHQR 8WRPR 5HOLJLRVLWDV (NVNOXVLI NH ,QNOXVLI GDODP 0RGXO 6WXGL ,QWHQVLI $QWDUXPDW %HUDJDPD

(4)

SHUXPSDPDDQ XQGDQJDQ SHQMDPXDQ NDZLQ \DQJDNKLUQ\DGLKLGDQJNDQNHSDGDVLDSDVDMD 0DW 3HUXPSDPDDQ RUDQJ 6DPDULD \DQJ EDLN KDWL VHEDJDL SHQMHODVDQ SHULQWDK XQWXN PHQJDVLKL VHVDPD 6HVDPD DGDODK EXNDQ RUDQJ DWDX NHORPSRN \DQJ GLSLOLK VHQGLULPHODLQNDQVLDSDVDMD\DQJGLKDGLUNDQ $OODK GLKDGDSDQ NHKLGXSDQ NLWD WDQSD PHQJHQDOEDWDVNHOXDUJDHWQLVDJDPDDOLUDQ NHSHUFD\DDQVWDWXVVRVLDOGDQNHND\DDQ\DQJ PHPHUOXNDQSHUKDWLDQNDVLKGDQSHUWRORQJDQ NLWD .DUHQD LWX EDQJVD ODLQ WHUPDVXN GL GDODPQ\D DGDW EXGD\D GDQ NHSHUFD\DDQ\D WLGDNGLOLKDWVHEDJDLVDPDVHNDOLQHJDWLIND¿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³MDODQ NHEHQDUDQGDQKLGXS´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¿NDQWHUKDGDSWHRORJLSDVFD.RQVLOL9DWLNDQ,, 3DXOXV8VNXS*HUHMD.DWROLN+DPED3DUD+DPED$OODK%HUVDPD%DSD%DSD.RQVLOL6XFL'HPL.HQDQJDQ$EDGLGDODP$ONLWDE 3HUQ\DWDDQWHQWDQJ+XEXQJDQ*HUHMDGHQJDQ$JDPDDJDPD%XNDQ.ULVWLDQL5RPDGL*HUHMD6DQWR3HWUXVWDQJJDO2NWREHU KOP

)UDQV0DJQLV6XVHQR0HQMDGL6DNVL.ULVWXV'L7HQJDK0DV\DUDNDW0DMHPXN3HQHUELW2ERU-DNDUWDKOP

(5)

.ULVWHQROHKWHRORJWHRORJVHSHUWL-RKQ+LFN 3DXO ) .QLWWHU 3URWHVWDQ GDQ 5DLPXQGR 3DQLNNDU .DWROLN DGDODK SDKDP \DQJ PHQRODNHNVNOXVLYLVPHNHEHQDUDQ

%DJL PHUHND DQJJDSDQ EDKZD KDQ\D DJDPDQ\D VHQGLUL \DQJ EHQDU PHUXSDNDQ NHVRPERQJDQ $JDPDDJDPD KHQGDNQ\D S H U W D P D S H U W D P D P H P S H U O L K D W N D Q NHUHQGDKDQ KDWL WLGDN PHQJDQJJDS OHELK EHQDUGDULSDGD\DQJODLQODLQ 7HRORJL\DQJ PHQGDVDULDQJJDSDQLWXDGDODKNXUDQJOHELK GDQGHQJDQULQFLDQEHUEHGDDQJJDSDQEDKZD D J D P D D J D P D P H U X S D N D Q H N V S U H V L

UHOLJLRVLWDV XPDW PDQXVLD 3DUD SHQGLUL D J D P D V H S H U W L % X G G K D <H V X V G D Q 0XKDPPDG PHUXSDNDQ JHQLXVJHQLXV UHOLJLXVPHUHNDPHQJKD\DWLGLPHQVLUHOLJLXV VHFDUD PHQGDODP 0HUHND PLULS GHQJDQ RUDQJ \DQJ ELVD PHQHPXNDQ DLU GL WDQDK EHUDNDU GDODP VXQJDL NHLODKLDQ PHQGDODP \DQJPHQJDOLUGLEDZDKSHUPXNDDQGDQGDUL SDGDQ\D VHJDOD XQJNDSDQUHOLJLRVLWDV PDQXVLD KLGXS 3RVLVL LQL ELVD VHNDOLJXV EHUDUWL PHOHSDVNDQ DGDQ\D $OODK SHUVRQDO -DGL\DQJVHEHQDUQ\DGLDNXLDGDODKGLPHQVL WUDQVHQGHQ GDQ PHWD¿VLN DODP VHPHVWD P D Q X V L D 1 D P X Q E L V D M X J D G H Q J D Q PHPSHUWDKDQNDQSDKDP$OODKSHUVRQDO

3DKDP3OXUDOLVPHDJDPDPHQXUXW)UDQV 0DJQLV MHODVMHODV GLWRODN ROHK *HUHMD . D W R O L N 3 D G D W D K X Q 9D W L N D Q PHQHUELWNDQSHQMHODVDQ³'RPLQXV-HVXV´

3HQMHODVDQ LQL VHODLQ PHQRODN SDKDP SOXUDOLVPHDJDPDMXJDPHQHJDVNDQNHPEDOL EDKZD <HVXV .ULVWXV DGDODK VDWXVDWXQ\D SHQJDQWDUD NHVHODPDWDQ ,ODKL GDQ WLGDN DGD RUDQJ\DQJELVDNH%DSDVHODLQPHODOXL<HVXV 'LNDODQJDQ.DWROLNVHQGLUL³'RPLQXV-HVXV´ PHQLPEXONDQ UHDNVL NHUDV )UDQV 0DJQLV VHQGLULPHQGXNXQJ³'RPLQXV-HVXV´LWXGDQ PHQ\DWDNDQ EDKZD ³'RPLQXV -HVXV´ LWX VXGDK SHUOX GDQ WHSDW ZDNWX 0HQXUXWQ\D SOXUDOLVPH DJDPD KDQ\D GL SHUPXNDDQ VDMD NHOLKDWDQ OHELK UHQGDK KDWL GDQ WROHUDQ GDULSDGD VLNDSLQNOXVLI \DQJ WHWDS PH\DNLQL

LPDQQ\D %XNDQ QDPDQ\D WROHUDQVL DSDELOD XQWXN PDX VDOLQJ PHQHULPD GLWXQWXW DJDU PDVLQJPDVLQJPHOHSDVNDQDSD\DQJPHUHND \DNLQL

3OXUDOLVPH $JDPD GDODP SHUVSHNWLI +LQGX

.DXP 3OXUDOLV $JDPD GDUL EHUEDJDL SHQJDQXW DJDPD VHULQJ PHQJXWLS XFDSDQ WRNRKWRNRK +LQGX XQWXN PHQGXNXQJ S H Q G D S D W P H U H N D 6 X N L G L V H R U D Q J SURSDJDQGLV3OXUDOLVPH$JDPDGDULNDODQJDQ OLEHUDOGL0XKDPPDGL\DKPLVDOQ\DPHQXOLV G D O D P V D W X D U W L N H O G L P H G L D P D V V D NRQVHNXHQVLQ\D DGD EDQ\DN NHEHQDUDQ PDQ\ WUXWKV GDODP WUDGLVL GDQ DJDPD DJDPD 1LHW]VFKH PHQHJDVLNDQ DGDQ\D NHEHQDUDQ WXQJJDO GDQ MXVWUX EHUVLNDS

D¿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ÔV 5HOLJLRQV +XVWRQ 6PLWK MXJD PHQXOLV VDWX VXEEDE EHUMXGXO ³0DQ\3DWKVWRWKH6DPH6XPPLW´EDKZD ³(DUO\ RQ WKH 9HGDV DQQRXQFHG +LQGXLVPÔV FODVVLF FRQWHQWLRQ WKDW WKH YDULRXVUHOLJLRQVDUHEXWGLIIHUHQWODQJXDJHV 'RPLQXV-HVXVGLNRQVHSGDQVHPXODGLWDQGDQWDQJDQLROHK.DUGLQDO5DW]LQJHU±VHNDUDQJ3DXV%HQHGLNWXV;9,±GDQGLNHOXDUNDQ SDGD$JXVWXV'RNXPHQLQLWHODKPHQLPEXONDQSHUGHEDWDQVHQJLWGLNDODQJDQ.ULVWHQWHUPDVXNLQWHUQ.DWROLNVHQGLUL 'RNXPHQLQLGLNHOXDUNDQPHQ\XVXONHKHERKDQGLNDODQJDQSHWLQJJL.DWROLNDNLEDWNHOXDUQ\DEXNX7RZDUGD&KULVWLDQ7KHRORJ\ RI 5HOLJLRXV 3OXUDOLVP NDU\D 3URI -DFTXHV 'XSXLV 6- GRVHQ GL *UHJRULDQ 8QLYHUVLW\ 5RPD 'DODP EXNXQ\D LQL 'XSXLV PHQ\DWDNDQEDKZD³NHEHQDUDQSHQXKÆIXOOQHVRIWKUXWKWLGDNDNDQWHUODKLUVDPSDLGDWDQJQ\DNLDPDWDWDXNHGDWDQJDQ<HVXV .HGXD -DGL NDWDQ\D VHPXD DJDPD WHUXV EHUMDODQ±VHEDJDLPDQD .ULVWHQ ±PHQXMX NHEHQDUDQ SHQXK WHUVHEXW 6HPXD DJDPD GLVDWXNDQGDODPNHUHQGDKDQKDWLNDUHQDNHNXUDQJDQEHUVDPDGDODPPHUDLKNHEHQDUDQSHQXKWHUVHEXW $GLDQ+XVDLQL3OXUDOLVPH$JDPD0XVXK$JDPD$JDPD3DGDQJDQ.DWROLN3URWHVWDQ+LQGXGDQ,VODP7HUKDGDS3DKDP 3OXUDOLVPH$JDPD'HZDQ'DNZDK,VODPL\DK,QGRQHVLDKOP

(6)

WKURXJKZKLFK*RGVSHDNVWRWKHKXPDQKHDUW ³7UXWK LV RQH VDJHV FDOO LW E\ GLIIHUHQW QDPHV´7HUMHPDKDQ6HMDNGXOXNLWDENLWDE 9HGD PHQ\DWDNDQ SDQGDQJDQ +LQGX NODVLN EDKZDDJDPDDJDPD\DQJEHUEHGDKDQ\DODK PHUXSDNDQ EDKDVD \DQJ EHUEHGDEHGD \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ7XKDQXQWXNEHUELFDUDNHSDGDKDWL PDQXVLD .HEHQDUDQ PHPDQJ VDWX RUDQJ RUDQJELMDNPHQ\HEXWQ\DGHQJDQQDPD\DQJ EHUEHGDEHGD 8QWXN PHPSHUNXDW SHQMHODVDQQ\D WHQWDQJ VLNDS ³3OXUDOLVWLN´ DJDPD +LQGX +XVWRQ 6PLWK MXJD PHQJXWLS XQJNDSDQ ³RUDQJ VXFL +LQGX´ DEDG NH \DLWX 5DPDNULVKQD \DQJ PHQFDUL 7XKDQ PHODOXL EHUEDJDL DJDPD .ULVWHQ ,VODP GDQ +LQGX +DVLOQ\DPHQXUXW5DPDNULVKQDDGDODKVDPD VDMD 0DND LD PHQ\DWDNDQ ³*RG KDV PDGH GLIIHUHQWUHOLJLRQVWRVXLWGLIIHUHQWDVSLUDWLRQV WLPHVDQGFRXQWULHV$OOGRFWULQHVDUHRQO\VR PDQ\SDWKVEXWDSDWKLVE\QRPHDQV*RG +LPVHOI ,QGHHG RQH FDQ UHDFK *RG LI RQH IROORZV DQ\ RI SDWKV ZLWK ZKROHKHDUWHG GHYRWLRQ´7HUMHPDKDQ7XKDQWHODKPHPEXDW DJDPDDJDPD \DQJ EHUEHGDEHGD XQWXN PHPHQXKL EHUEDJDL DVSLUDVL ZDNWX GDQ QHJDUD 6HPXD GRNWULQ KDQ\DODK PHUXSDNDQ EDQ\DN MDODQ WHWDSL VDWX MDODQ WLGDN EHUDUWL 7XKDQ LWX VHQGLUL 6HVXQJJXKQ\D VHVHRUDQJ GDSDWPHQFDSDL7XKDQMLNDLDPHQJLNXWLMDODQ PDQDVDMDGHQJDQVHSHQXKKDWL

)UDQN *DHWDQR 0RUDOHV VHRUDQJ FHQGHNLDZDQ+LQGXPHQJHFDPNHUDVRUDQJ RUDQJ +LQGX \DQJ PHQ\DPDQ\DPDNDQ DJDPDQ\DGHQJDQDJDPDODLQ%LDVDQ\DNDXP +LQGX 3OXUDOLV PHQJJXQDNDQ ³PHWDIRUD JXQXQJ´ PRXQWDLQ PHWDSKRU \DQJ PHQ\DWDNDQ ³.HEHQDUDQ DWDX 7XKDQ DWDX %UDKPDQ EHUDGD GL SXQFDN GDUL VHEXDK JXQXQJ\DQJVDQJDWWLQJJL$GDEHUEDJDLMDODQ XQWXNPHQFDSDLSXQFDNJXQXQJGDQGHQJDQ LWXPHQFDSDLWXMXDQWHUWLQJJL%HEHUDSDMDODQ OHELKSHQGHN\DQJODLQOHELKSDQMDQJ-DODQ LWXVHQGLULEDJDLPDQDSXQWLGDNSHQWLQJ6DWX VDWXQ\D \DQJ VXQJJXK SHQWLQJ DGDODK SDUD SHQFDULVHPXDPHQFDSDLSXQFDNJXQXQJLWX´ ³0HUHND PHOLKDW NHSDGD DJDPDDJDPD \DQJ EHUEHGD VHEDJDL KDQ\D VHNHGDU MDODQ DOWHUQDWLI XQWXN PHQFDSDL WXMXDQ \DQJ \DQJ

VDPD WLGDN OHELK GDUL QDPDQDPD \DQJ EHUEHGD XQWXN KDO \DQJ VDPD ,QL WHODK PHQ\HEDENDQ PHUHND PHQFDPSXUGXNNDQ DJDPDDJDPD \DQJ EHUEHGD PHQMDGL VDWX VHULQJ GHQJDQ ZLZHND \DQJ NHFLO PHQFRED PHQMDGLNDQVHPXDKDOXQWXNVHPXDRUDQJ

%XGGKD PHQHNDQNDQ SDGD DWXUDQ GLVLSOLQ\DQJPHQ\DQJNXWVHJLGXQLDZLGDQ VSLULWXDO XQWXN GDSDW GLSUDNWHNNDQ +DO LQL VHVXDL GHQJDQ DSD \DQJ GLXQJNDSNDQ ROHK EHOLDXGDODPNLWDE'LJKD1LND\Q,,,\DLWX GHPLXQWXNNHEDLNDQGDQNHEDKDJLDDQRUDQJ EDQ\DN GHPL NDVLK VD\DQJ WHUKDGDS GXQLD GHPL NHEDLNDQ GDQ NHEDKDJLDDQ SDUD GHZD GDQPDQXVLD

(PSDW SXOXK OLPD WDKXQ ODPDQ\D 6DQJ %XGGKD PHQ\LDUNDQ DJDPDQ\D 1DPXQ VHSDQMDQJ VHMDUDKQ\D EHOXP SHUQDK WHUMDGL EHQWURNDQDQWDUSDUDSHPHOXNDJDPD+DOLQL GLVHEDENDQNDUHQDVLNDSKRUPDWPHQJKRUPDWL GDQEHNHUMDVDPDDQWDUDSHPHOXNDJDPD\DQJ EHUEHGDEHGD VHMDN GXOX PHUXSDNDQ VLNDS KLGXSXPDW%XGGKD+DOLQLWHUEXNWLGHQJDQ DGDQ\DSUDVDVWL.DOLQJJD1R;;,,GDULUDMD $VRND DEDG NH VHEHOXP 0DVHKL \DQJ DQWDUDODLQEHUEXQ\L ´-DQJDQODK NLWD KDQ\D PHQJKRUPDWL DJDPDVHQGLULGDQPHQFHODDJDPDODLQWDQSD VXDWX GDVDU \DQJ NXDW 6HEDOLNQ\D DJDPD RUDQJ ODLQSXQ KHQGDNQ\D GLKRUPDWL DWDV GDVDUGDVDU WHUWHQWX 'HQJDQ EHUEXDW GHPLNLDQ NLWD WHODK PHPEDQWX DJDPD NLWD VHQGLUL XQWXN SHUNHPEDQJDQ GL VDPSLQJ PHQJXQWXQJNDQ SXOD RUDQJ ODLQ 'HQJDQ EHUEXDW VHEDOLNQ\D NLWD WHODK PHUXJLNDQ DJDPD NLWD VHQGLUL GL VDPSLQJ PHUXJLNDQ DJDPDRUDQJODLQROHKNDUHQDEDUDQJVLDSD PHQJKRUPDWLDJDPDQ\DVHQGLULGDQPHQFHOD DJDPD RUDQJ ODLQ VHPDWDPDWD NDUHQD GLGRURQJ ROHK UDVD EDNWL NHSDGD DJDPDQ\D VHQGLUL GHQJDQ EHUSLNLU ³%DJDLPDQD DNX GDSDWPHPXOLDNDQDJDPDNXVHQGLUL´

'HQJDQEHUEXDWGHPLNLDQLDPDODKDPDW PHUXJLNDQDJDPDQ\DVHQGLUL2OHKNDUHQDLWX N H U X N X Q D Q \ D Q J G L D Q M X U N D Q G H Q J D Q SHQJHUWLDQ EDKZD VHPXD RUDQJ KHQGDNQ\D PHQGHQJDU GDQ EHUVHGLD PHQGHQJDUNDQ DMDUDQ\DQJGLDQXWRUDQJODLQ

+XVWRQ6PLWK7KH:RUOGÔV5HOLJLRQV1HZ<RUN+DUSHU&ROOLQV3XEOLVHUKOP

,ELGKOP ,ELGKOP ,ELG 6XZRQR³6HMDUDK$JDPD%XGGKDGDQ.HUXNXQDQ%HUDJDPD´PDNDODKKOP

(7)

3 O X U D O L V P H $ J D P D S H U V S H N W L I .RQJKXFX

.HWLND EHUELFDUD PDVDODK SOXUDOLVPH DJDPDPHQXUXWDMDUDQ.RQJKXFXEDKZDLVPH PHUXSDNDQVXDWXSHPDKDPDQWHQWDQJSOXUDO 'DODPDJDPD.RQJKXFXLWXWLGDNPHPEDKDV VHFDUDVSHVL¿NPHPEDKDVWHQWDQJSOXUDOLVPH DWDX \DQJ ODLQ WHWDSL GDODP KDO LQL DJDPD .RQJKXFX PHPSXQ\DL SHPDKDPDQ \DQJ GLVHEXW GHQJDQ .RVPRORJL &RQIXFLDQ \DLWX VHSHUWL PDV\DUDNDW IURQWDO LWX \DQJ GLNHQDO GHQJDQVHEXWDQ<LQJ<DQJ

< L Q J < D Q J L W X E D Q \ D N R U D Q J PHQHUMHPDKNDQ VDODK SHUVHSVL Q\D DUWLQ\D

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

'DODP .RVPRORJL &RQIXFLDQ DGDODK SHUWDPD VDOLQJ PHOHQJNDSL NHGXD DGD SHUEHGDDQ NHWLJD DGD VLNOXV GDQ NHHPSDW NHKDUPRQLVDQ 'DODP DJDPD .RQJKXFX GLNDWDNDQVHEDJDL)LORVR¿V5HOLJLRXVNDUHQD VHFDUDWHNVWXDOGDODPDJDPD.RQJKXFXSHQXK GHQJDQ ¿ORVR¿V $\DW \DQJ PHQJDWDNDQ WHQWDQJ SOXUDOLVPH GLDQWDUDQ\D ³7LGDN DGD \DQJ KDUXV WLGDN DGD \DQJ WLGDN KDUXV´ PDNVXGQ\DDGDODK%LMDN0HQXUXWQ\DEDKZD NHEHQDUDQ LWX DGD HPSDW \DNQLSHUWDPD NHEHQDUDQ NRQWHNVWXDONHGXD NHEHQDUDQ NRQGLVLRQDONHWLJD NHEHQDUDQ GLDOHNWLV GDQ

NHHPSDWNHEHQDUDQKDTLTL 6HGDQJNDQD\DW\DQJNHGXDPHQ\DWDNDQ EDKZD³+DUPRQLVWLGDNPHODQGD´PDNVXGQ\D +DUPRQLV WHWDSL MDWL GLUL WHWDS HNVLV .HPXGLDQ D\DW \DQJ NHWLJD PHQ\DWDNDQ ³7LGDNEHUDQJDQDQJDQNRVRQJPDNVXGQ\D UHDOLWDV EDKZD PHQJKDGDSL PDVDODK DSDSXQ KDUXV EHUWLQGDN GDQ PHPEXPL WLGDN PHQJKDUXVNDQ PDNVXGQ\D GDODP SHULODNX VHKDULKDUL NLWD WLGDN EROHK PHQJKDUXVNDQ NDUHQD DGD GLPHQVL ZDNWX GLPHQVL WHPSDW GDQGLPHQVLDSDVDMDLWXSDVWLEHUXEDKPDND DGD NDWDNDWD ELMDN \DQJ PHQXUXW DJDPD .RQJKXFXELVDXQWXNNHEDMLNDQ ³.HVDODKDQ DGDODK NHEHQDUDQ \DQJ WHUWXQGD GDQ NHEHQDUDQ DGDODK NHVDODKDQ \DQJ WHUWXQGD´ PDNVXGQ\DDGDODKVHVHRUDQJWLGDNPXQJNLQ EHUEXDW NHVDODKDQ WHUXV EHJLWX SXOD NHEHQDUDQSXQSDVWLDGDMXJD \DQJDNKLUQ\D VDODKWLGDNNXNXKGDQWLGDNHJR´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

.HGXD SOXUDOLVPH EXNDQ VHNHGDU WROHUDQVL 3OXUDOLVPHOHELKGDULVHNHGDUWROHUDQVLGHQJDQ XVDKD\DQJDNWLIXQWXNPHPDKDPLRUDQJODLQ

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

(8)

'$)7$53867$.$

$O 0DOLN )DKG OL7KLEDDW$O 0XVKDI $O4XUÆDQGDQ7HUMHPDKQ\D

+XVDLQL $GLDQ 3OXUDOLVPH $JDPD 0 X V X K $ J D P D $ J D P D 3 D G D Q J D Q .DWROLN 3URWHVWDQ +LQGX GDQ ,VODP 7HUKDGDS 3DKDP 3OXUDOLVPH $JDPD 'HZDQ 'DNZDK ,VODPL\DK ,QGRQHVLD KOP +XVWRQ6PLWK7KH:RUOGÔV5HOLJLRQV 1HZ<RUN+DUSHU&ROOLQV3XEOLVHU 0DJQLV6XVHQR)UDQV 0HQMDGL6DNVL .ULVWXV'L7HQJDK0DV\DUDNDW0DMHPXN -DNDUWD3HQHUELW2ERU 0XQDZDU 5DFKPDQ %XGK\ $UJXPHQ ,VODP 8QWXN 3OXUDOLVPH -DNDUWD 37 *UDPHGLD:LGLDVDUDQD,QGRQHVLD

0XQDZDU5DFKPDQ%XGK\3OXUDOLVPH G D Q , Q N O X V L Y L V P H G D O D P :D F D Q D . H E H U D J D P D D Q 8 S D \ D 0 H Q F H J D K .RQÀLN $QWDUDJDPD GDODP 6\LIDXO $UL¿Q GNN HG0HODZDQ .HNHUDVDQ 7DQSD .HNHUDVDQ 33 ,NDWDQ 5HPDMD 0XKDPPDGL\DK3XVWDND3HODMDUGDQ7KH $VLD)RXQGDWLRQ 5XVHQR8WRPR%DPEDQJ5HOLJLRVLWDV (NVNOXVLINH,QNOXVLIGDODP0RGXO6WXGL ,QWHQVLI $QWDUXPDW%HUDJDPD0DODQJ , Q V W L W X W 3 H Q G L G L N D Q 7 K H R O R J L D %DOHZL\DWD0DODQJ-DZD7LPXU 6KRIDQ0RK-DODQ.HWLJD3HPLNLUDQ ,VODP ,5&L6R' EHNHUMDVDPD GHQJDQ 8QLYHUVLWDV 0XKDPPDGL\DK *UHVLN 8*03UHVV-DZD7LPXU<RJ\DNDUWD 6XZRQR 6HMDUDK$JDPD %XGGKD GDQ

.HUXNXQDQ%HUDJDPDKOP

8PL 6XPEXODK 8PL ,VODP 5DGLNDO GDQ3OXUDOLVPH$JDPD6WXGL.RQVWUXNVL 6RVLDO$NWLYLV+L]EDO7DKULUGDQ0DMHOLV 0XMDKLGLQ GL 0DODQJ 7HQWDQJ $JDPD .ULVWHQGDQ<DKXGL6XUDED\D

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Berdasarkan Tabel 4.4 dan 4.5 maka dilakukan uji hipotesis pada data posttest kelas eksperimen dan kontrol menggunakan uji t dengan bantuan spss21 for windows

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mutasi dan pengalaman kerja di Sub Divre Perum Bulog Bulukumba. Maka tujuan yang akan dicapai pada peneliti ini yaitu:

Setelah beberapa data-data terkumpulkan, yang digali dari beberapa informan untuk menghasilkan temuan-temuan yang dapat dianalisa dan dikaji serta dikaitkan pengakuan dalam

Total bakteri dihitung dan isolat yang diperoleh diuji kemampuan dan karakternya dalam menambat nitrogen (BPN), melarutkan fosfat (BPF), menghasilkan indole acetic acid

Penelitian ini penting dilakukan, karena pada penelitian-penelitian yang sudah dilakukan masih menggunakan teknologi RFID ( Radio Frequency IDentification ) dan belum

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang telah diuraikan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Group Investigation (GI) untuk meningkatkan hasil

Tri decenije kasnije za odre đ ivanje tehnoloških karakteristika odabranih, novih i najšire gajenih, ZP hibrida kukuruza u skro- barskoj preradi koriš ć ena je

Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh penulis, partisipasi masyarakat Kelurahan Kawangkoan dalam bentuk pikiran dan ide masih sangat kurang, dimana masih