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LISTING PROGRAM ALGORITMA STOP AND GO

%IMPLEMENTASI BLIND EQUALIZATION MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA STOP AND GO

clc;

clear all; close all;

T=2000; % Jumlah sample data dB=25; % SNR(dB)

L=27; % smoothing length L+1 ChL=1; % Panjang Kanal = ChL+1

EqD=round((L+ChL)/2); % Channel Equalization Delay

i=sqrt(-1);

%Ch=randn(1,ChL+1)+sqrt(-1)*randn(1,ChL+1); % complex channel

%Ch=[0.0545+j*0.05 .2832-.1197*j -.7676+.2788*j -.0641-.0576*j .0566-.2275*j .4063-.0739*j];

Ch=[0.8+i*0.1 .9-i*0.2]; %complex channel Ch=Ch/norm(Ch);% normalize

TxS=round(rand(1,T))*2-1; % QPSK symbols are transmitted symbols TxS=TxS+sqrt(-1)*(round(rand(1,T))*2-1);

x=filter(Ch,1,TxS); %channel distortion

n=randn(1,T)+sqrt(-1)*randn(1,T); % additive white gaussian noise (complex)

n=n/norm(n)*10^(-dB/20)*norm(x); % scale noise power x1=x+n; % received noisy signal

%estimation using SGA

M=T-L; %% Discard initial samples for avoiding 0's and negative X=zeros(L+1,M); %each vector

for i=1:M

X(:,i)=x1(i+L:-1:i).'; end

e=zeros(1,M); % to store the error signal

c=zeros(L+1,1); c(EqD)=1; % initial condition mu=0.001; % step size

for i=1:M-1

y(i)=c'*X(:,i);

j(i)=mean(abs(c'*X(:,i))); % initial error e(i)=sign(y(i))-y(i); % instant error

c=c-mu*j(i)*X(:,i)*X(:,i)'*c; % update equalizer co-efficients

end

sym=c'*X; % symbol estimation %calculate SER

(2)

sb1=sym/(fh(temp)); % normalize the output

sb1=sign(real(sb1))+sqrt(-1)*sign(imag(sb1)); % perform symbol detection

strt=6;

sb2=sb1-TxS(strt+1:strt+length(sb1)); % detecting error symbols SER=length(find(sb2~=0))/length(sb2);% SER calculations

disp(SER);

% plot of transmitted bits subplot(2,2,1), plot(TxS,'*');

grid on,title('Transmitted bits'); xlabel('real'),ylabel('imaginary') axis([-3 3 -3 3])

% plot of received symbols subplot(2,2,2),

plot(x1,'o');

grid on, title('Received symbols'); xlabel('real'), ylabel('imaginary')

% plot of the equalized symbols subplot(2,2,3),

plot(sym,'o');

grid on, title('After Equalization'), xlabel('real'), ylabel('imaginary')

% convergence of algorithm subplot(2,2,4),

plot(abs(j));

grid on, title('Convergence'), xlabel('n'), ylabel('error signal');

axis([0 2000 0 4]);

(3)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

er

ror

s

ignal

PENGARUH NILAI STEP SIZE TERHADAP SER MENGGUNAKAN

EKUALIZER STOP AND GO

1.

Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.001

SER = 0.6977

2.

Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.002

SER = 0. 6803

(4)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0. 6510

4.

Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.006

SER = 0. 6525

(5)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0. 7898

(6)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0. 8737

8.

Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.014

SER = 0. 8773

(7)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0. 8778

(8)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0. 8768

12.

Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.022

SER = 0. 8854

(9)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0. 8626

(10)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0. 8439

16.

Untuk nilai Step size (mu) = 0.030

SER = 0. 08731

(11)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

(12)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-0.5 0 0.5

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

MENGGUNAKAN EKUALIZER STOP AND GO

1.

Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 20

SER = 0. 7606

2.

Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 21

SER = 0. 7514

(13)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0.7438

(14)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0.7478

6.

Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 29

SER = 0.7533

(15)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-1 -0.5 0 0.5

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-0.5 0 0.5

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0.7578

(16)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-0.5 0 0.5

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0.7734

10.

Untuk nilai Panjang Filter = 39

SER = 0.7821

(17)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0.7832

(18)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-0.5 0 0.5

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-0.5 0 0.5

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

EKUALIZER STOP AND GO

1.

Untuk nilai SNR = 15

SER = 0.7595

2.

Untuk nilai SNR = 16

SER = 0.7575

(19)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-1 -0.5 0 0.5

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-0.5 0 0.5

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0.7453

(20)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-0.5 0 0.5

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0.7418

6.

Untuk nilai SNR = 20

SER = 0.7478

(21)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-0.5 0 0.5

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-0.5 0 0.5

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0.7456

(22)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5

0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-0.5 0 0.5 1

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0.7429

10.

Untuk nilai SNR = 24

SER = 0.7476

(23)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5

0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

-2 0 2

-2 0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5

0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000 0

1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

SER = 0.7418

(24)

-2 0 2 -2

0 2

Transmitted bits

real

im

agi

nar

y

Received symbols

real

im

agi

nar

y

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1

-0.5 0 0.5

After Equalization

real

im

agi

nar

y

0 500 1000 1500 2000

0 1 2 3 4

Convergence

n

er

ror

s

ignal

13.

Untuk nilai SNR = 27

SER = 0.7387

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