A NEW PARADIGM OF SOCIAL FORESTRY IN INDONESIA

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A NEW PARADIGM OF SOCIAL FORESTRY IN

INDONESIA

SAN AFRI AWANG

Profesor, Lecturer of Faculty of Forestry University of Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

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INTRODUCTION

 FOREST AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN INDONESIAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ;

 FOREST AREA IN INDONESIA 120,6 MILLION HECTARES (63,6% TOTAL AREA OF INDONESIA),

OTHER PURPOSES FOR NON FOREST PUBLIC LANDS;

 PRODUCTION FOREST, PROTECTION FOREST, CONSERVATION, AND PEATLANDS 15 MILLION Ha;

 POVERTY AROUND FORESTS AREA;

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FOREST AREA IN INDONESIA

Limited Production Forest (LPF)

26.843.748 22,22% Production forest(PrF)

29.265.410 24,23% Conversion Production

Forest (CPF)

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FOREST MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA



PRODUCTION FOREST (PF), THERE ARE 3 MODELS SUCH AS:



1. FOREST CONCESSION : PRIMARY NATURAL FOREST (HPH); PRIVATE SECTORS;



2. FOREST CONCESSION : DEGRADED FOREST AREA TO BE AN INDUSTRIAL

PLANTATION FOREST/HTI, PRIVATE SECTORS;



3. FOREST CONCESSION : SCONDARY FOREST AREA TO BE A RESTORATION

FOREST (RE), PRIVATE SECTOR.



SITE FOREST MANAGEMENT UNIT (FMU) : 2019 BECAME 600 UNIT,

RESPONSIBLE BY LOCAL GOVERNMENT (Production, protection and

conservation);



SOCIAL FORESTRY AREA CAN BE IMPLEMENTED IN THE FMU AREA;

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CONTINUING………..

 PROTECTION FOREST : MANAGED BY FMU PROTECTION (KPHL);

 CONCERVATION FOREST : MANAGED BY FMU CONCERVATION AND NATIONAL PARK AREA;

 PRIVATE OWNED FOREST : FOR NON STATE’S FOREST;

 HUTAN ADAT BY CUSTOMARY LAW

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INDONESIA’S AGRARIAN REFORM

NATIONAL LAND REFORM PROGRAM (NLRP) / TORA SOCIAL FORESTRY

01 ASSET LEGALIZATION _{(4,5 Juta Ha)} 02 ASSET REDISTRIBUTION 03

(4,5 Juta Ha) ACCESS LEGALIZATION

Transmigration Land not yet Certified

(0,6 Juta Ha)

People’s Land Certification

(PRONA)

(3,9 Juta Ha)

Former Land Usage right and

Abandoned Land

(0,4 Juta Ha)

Access Rights of Forest Land for Social Forestry Program

(12.7 Juta Ha)

Release of Forest Area

(4.1 Juta Ha)

1A 1B 2A 2B

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• PROVIDED LANDS FOR “TORA “ AND REDISTRIBUTED LANDS AND ASSET LEGISLATION , TOTAL AREA AROUND 4,1 MILLION HAs

• IMPROVING COMMUNITIES ACCESS FOR SOCIAL FORESTRY PROGRAM SUCH AS PARTNERSHIP, VILLAGE FORESTS, COMMUNITY PLANTING FORESTS , COMMUNITY FOREST, of 12,7 MILLION HAs

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SOME CRITERIAS FOR TORA AS LANDREFORM OBJECTS

(SK MenLHK No.180 tahun 2017)

(*) merupakan 20 % dari luas yang tergambar pada Peta

NO

CRITERIA

AREA (Ha)

1 ALLOCATION OF TORA FROM 20% OF THE FOREST RELEASE FOR SAWIT ESTATE 437.937 (*)

2 FOREST PRODUCTION IS ALLOWED TO BE CONVERTED DUE TO UNPRODUCTIVE CONDITION 2.169.960

3 NEW GOVERNMENT PROGRAM FOR MAKING A NEW RICEFIELD AREA 65.363

4 TRANSMIGRATION AREA AND SOCIAL FACILITATE WHICH HAS APPROVED BY LOCAL GOVERNMENT 514.909

5 RESETLEMENT, SOCIAL FACILITATION, AND GENERAL FACILITATION 439.116

6 EXISTING LAND AS A RICE FIELD AND FISHPOND 379.227

7 DRIED LAND AGRICULTURE AS A SOURCE OF MAIN INCOME FOR PEOPLE 847.038

_JUMLAH _4.853.549

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Potential TORA Per Provinsi (Ha)

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PERPRES

NO. 88 TAHUN 2017

KONSEP PENYELESAIAN PENGUASAAN TANAH DALAM KAWASAN HUTAN

TENTANG PENYELESAIAN PENGUASAAN TANAH DALAM KAWASAN HUTAN (Diundangkan pada tanggal 11 September 2017)

Perpres No. 88 Tahun 2017 memuat pengaturan sebagai berikut:

OBJEK PENYELESAIAN

PENGUASAAN KAWASAN HUTAN

JENIS PENGUASAAN TANAH YANG DAPAT

DISELESAIKAN PEMOHON

POLA PENYELESAIAN

TAHAPAN PENYELESAIAN

1. Perorangan 2. Instansi* 3. Badan

Sosial/keagamaan* 4. Masyarakat hukum adat yang disampaikan secara

kolektif kepada Bupati untuk diteruskan kepada Tim Inver PTKH

Kawasan hutan yang dapat dilakukan

penyelesaian penguasaan tanah merupakan kawasan hutan pada tahap

penunjukan kawasan hutan (hutan konservasi, hutan lindung, hutan produksi)

1. Permukiman

2. Fasilitas umum/sosial 3. Lahan garapan* 4. Hutan yang dikelola

masyarakat hukum adat

1. mengeluarkan bidang tanah dalam kawasan hutan melalui perubahan batas kawasan hutan;

2. tukar menukar kawasan hutan;

3. memberikan akses pengelolaan hutan melalui program

perhutanan sosial; atau 4. melakukan resettlement_.**

1. Inventarisasi 2. Verifikasi 3. Penetapan pola

penyelesaian

4. Penerbitan keputusan penyelesaian

5. Penerbitan sertifikat hak atas tanah

2 3

4 1

Keterangan

* akan dijabarkan lebih detail pada pedoman teknis Tim Inver PPTKH ** akan diatur tersendiri melalui Permen atau Perpres

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TIM PERCEPATAN PPTKH

Menko Perekonomian

Ketua

Menteri KLHK

Menteri ATR/BPN

Mendagri Sekretaris Kabinet KSP

TIM PELAKSANA PPTKH

Anggota

TIM INVER PPTKH DI TINGKAT PROVINSI

Kepala Dinas Provinsi

Kanwil BPN

Deputi III

Anggota

Ketua:Deputi III Wakil Ketua: Deputi VI

Wakil

Tugas dan Peran TIM PERCEPATAN PPTKH

• Melakukan koordinasi dan sinkronisasi pelaksanaan PPTKH

• Menetapkan kebijakan dalam PPTKH

• Menetapkan luas maksimum bidang tanah

• Menetapkan mekanisme resattlement

• Melakukan pengawasan dan pengendalian pelaksanaan PPTKH

• Melakukan fasilitasi penyediaan anggaran dalam PPTKH

Tugas dan Peran TIM PELAKSANA PPTKH

• Melakukan koordinasi teknis pelaksanaan PPTKH

• Menyusun langkah-langkah dalam pelaksanaan PPTKH

• Membantu Tim Percepatan PPTKH dalam melaksanakan pengawasan dan

pengendalian

• Menyusun dan menyampaikan rekomendasi atas penyelesaian hambatan

Tugas dan Peran TIM INVER PPTKH

• Menerima pendaftaran permohonan

inventarisasi dan verifikasi dari Bupati/Walikota

• Melaksanakan pendataan dan analisa di

lapangan

• Merumuskan rekomendasi berdasarkan hasil

analisa

Sekretaris _{Ekonomi dan kemaritiman}Staf Ahli Hubungan Staf Ahli Hubungan

Ekonomi dan Politik, Hukum, dan Keamanan • Dirjen Planologi

• Dirjen Penegakan Hukum

• Deputi Bidang Informasi Geospasial Tematik

• Dirjen Konservasi SDA dan Ekosistem

• Dirjen Tata Ruang

• Deputi Bidang Kajian dan Pengelolaan Isu-isu Sosial, Ekologi, dan Budaya Strategis

NOTE

 Tim Pelaksana PPTKH dapat dibantu oleh kelompok kerja.

NOTE

 Pelaksanaan kegiatan inventarisasi dan verifikasi dilakukan satu kali

untuk setiap satuan wilayah Kabupaten/Kota

• Dirjen Pengendalian Daerah Aliran Sungai dan Hutan Lindung

• Dirjen Penataan Agraria

• Deputi Bidang Perekonomian

• Dirjen Pengelolaan Hutan Produksi Lestari

• Dirjen Bina Administrasi Kewilayahan

• Dirjen Bina Pemerintahan Desa

Gubernur

• Kadis Penataan Ruang

• Lurah

• Kadis Lingkungan Hidup atau Kehutanan

• Camat

• Kepala BPKH

• Kepala Kantah ATR/BPN

• Kepala Balai – Perhutanan Sosial

• Kepala KPH

STRUKTUR ORGANISASI – TIM PERCEPATAN, TIM PELAKSANAN DAN TIM INVER (1/2)

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DEFORESTATION RATE OF INDONESIA (NETTO) , 1990-2017

2016-2017

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CAUSED OF DEFORESTATION



Planned Deforestation)

:

• FOREST CONVERSION IS PREPARED FOR OTHER

PURPOSES /NON FOREST LAND ( UNDER FOREST

RELEASE MECHANISM). E.g.

• USE OF FOREST AREA FOR NON FOREST

OBJECTIVES . E.g.LISENCE, INFRASTRUKTUR,

MINING, CHECK DAM, ETC.



Un-planned Deforestation

:

• FOREST FIRE

• ILLEGAL LOGGING

• ILLEGAL USE OF FOREST AREA FOR LOCAL

GOVERNMENT’S INFRASTRUKTUR . EX:

RESETTLEMENT, , ROADS, etc.

• ILLEGAL USE IN THE FOREST AREA, Ex: PALM OIL

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WHY SOCIAL FORESTRY ?



MOST OF FARMER ARE POOR DUE TO LACK OF LAND



MOST OF PRODUCTION FOREST AREA HOLD BY CONSESSION (97%) AND

ONLY 3% OF FOREST AREA MAINTAINED BY PEOPLE.



HIGH DISPARITY OF LAND OWNERSHIP AMONG PEOPLE AND CORPORATE.



JUSTICE ?



INEQUALITY ?



RESTORE FOREST, PROVIDE JOB FOR POOR, PUSH EQUALITY



BUILD A NEW PEOPLE’S ECONOMIC MOVEMENT BASED ON STATE FOREST

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INDICATIVE MAP FOR SOCIAL FORESTRY PROGRAM

16 Januari 2017

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SOCIAL FORESTRY PROGRAM (SFP)



WHOS TARGET GROUP OF SFP ?



INDIVIDUAL



GROUP OF PEOPLE

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SOCIAL FORESTRY FORMS

 FOREST VILLAGE

 COMMUNITY PLANTATION FOREST

 COMMUNITY FORESTRY

 PERTNERSHIP

 ADAT FOREST;

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ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE SOCIAL FORESTRY

PROGRAM (SFP) :



2007

–

2014 : 449,104 HECTARES



₂₀₁₅

–

_{2018 : 1,558,453.81 HECTARES}



PEOPLE INVOLVE IN SFP : 476,113 HOUSEHOLDS



AVERAGE LAND FROM FOREST IS AROUND 4,2 HA /

HOUSEHOLD .



COMMUNITIES ALLOW TO USE THE SFP’s LAND FOR THEIR

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100

100 m

50 m 30 m 20

m

A

PLANTING FOREST TREES

B

PLANTIN G FRUIT TREE

C

PELAN GI

A

A B C B C

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INDONESIA’S SDGs PRIORITIES PROGRAM:

 1. NO POVERTY; 13. CLIMATE ACTION

 2. ZERO HUNGER; 14. LIFE BELOW WATER

 3.GOOD HEALTH AND WELL BEING; 15. LIFE ON LAND

 4. QUALITY EDUCATION; 16.PEACE, JUSTICE AND

 5. GENDER QUALITY; STRONG INSTITUTION

 6. CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION; 17. PARTNERSHIP FOR THE

 7. AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY; GOALs

 8, DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

 9. INDUSTRY, INNOVATION, INFRACTRUCTURE;

 10. REDUCE INEQUALITY;

 11. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AD COMMUNITIES;

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THE ROLE OF FORESTRY SECTOR IN SDGs



FORESTRY SECTOR SUPPORT INDONESIA’S SDGs: NO POVERTY, ZERO

HUNGER AND REDUCE INEQUALITY;



MAIN GOALS OF SDGs FOR FORESTRY SECTOR:



MAINTAIN THE REST OF INDONESIA’S TROPICAL RAIN FOREST;



REDUCE DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION;



REDUCE POVERTY OF PEOPLE LIVING IN AND AROUND FORESTS;



ALLOCATE THE SOURCE OF FOREST LAND FOR LOCAL COMMUNITIES

WELL-BEING THROUGH SOCIAL FORESTRY PROGRAM (SFP);

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SOCIAL FORESTRY’S GOALS:



1. IMPROVING INCOME OF PEOPLE TO REDUCE POVERTY;



2. TO PRODUCE FOOD FROM FOREST LANDS SO THAT NO

ONE PEOPLE CAN BE SUFFERED BY HUNGER;



3. TO GET MORE EQUALITY OF LANDS ALLOCATION AND

DISTRIBUTION FROM FOREST LAND TO THE FOREST

FARMERS BASED ON PERMIT SCHEME; AND

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INVOLVEMENT OF COMMUNITIES IN FOREST MANAGEMENT:



PRIOR 1990 : COMMUNITIES LIVING AROUND FORESTS WERE NOT REGARDED

BY THE STATE TO PLAY ROLE IN THE FOREST MANAGEMENT;



YEARS 1990

–

1998 : THERE WAS A GROWING ACCEPTANCE AND AWARENESS

FROM THE STATE THAT COMMUNITIES LIVING AROUND FORESTS COULD PLAY

ROLE IN THE FOREST MANAGEMENT;



YEARS 2007

–

2013 : A RANGE OF REGULATIONS WERE PROMULGATED TO

SUPPORT INVOLVEMENT COMMUNITIES IN THE FOREST MANAGEMENT;



YEARS 2015-2018 : MANY CORRECTIVE ACTION TO BE DONE TO CHANGE THE

REGULATIONS, ACCELARATE FOREST LANDREFORM, IMPLEMENTING SOCIAL

FORESTRY PROGRAM, RECOGNIZED ADAT FOREST MORE THEN 24,000

HECTARES, ETC.



LAND FOR AGRARIAN REFORM 4,1 MILLION Ha AND PREPARE FOREST LAND FOR

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ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE SOCIAL FORESTRY

PROGRAM (SFP) :



2007

–

2014 : 449,104 Hectares



2015

–

2018 : 1,558,453.81 Hectares



PEOPLE INVOLVE IN SFP : 476,113 Household



TOTAL UNIT PER SK :4.880 Unit SK izin



AVERAGE LAND OWNED BY FOREST FARMER IS AROUND 4,5 HA /

HOUSEHOLD .



COMMUNITIES ALLOW TO USE THE SFP’s LAND FOR THEIR

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SOCIAL FORESTRY MANAGEMENT



EMPOWER MANAGEMENT AT SITE LEVEL



REINVENTING MODE OF PRODUCTION



EMPOWER PEOPLE’S ORGANIZATION, PARTICOPATORY PLANNING



TRAINING AND ADUCATION : CAPITAL GAIN AND MARKETING



ACCESS TO THE SOURCE OF CAPITAL



KNOWLEDGE INTERVENTION



FORMED THE LOCAL ECONOMIC INSTITUTION (COOPERATIVE)



BUILD A NEW SYSTEM OF FMU IN ONE LANDSCAPE

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