Proceeding s of Th e 5th Annu al I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2 01 5
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8th I n t ern at ion al Con feren ce of Ch em ical Eng ineering o n Science and Applicat ions ( Ch ESA) 2 0 15 Sept em ber 9 - 1 1, 2 01 5, Banda Aceh, I ndon esia
En h a n ce t h e Gr ou t h a n d Flow e r in g of Rose s (
Rosa g a lica
L.) D u e t o
Com post e d W a st e Cof fe e Pow de r a n d Gibbe r e llin s Con ce n t r a t ion
1*
Elly Kesum awat i,
2Feri Affriadi, and
1Mardhiah Hayat i
1
Depart m ent of Agrot echnology, Facult y of Agricult ural, Syiah Kuala Universit y, Darussalam ,
Banda Aceh 23111, I ndonesia;
2
Allum nay of Depart m ent of Agrot echnology, Facult y of Agricult ural, Syiah Kuala Universit y,
Banda Aceh 23111, I ndonesia;
* Corresponding Aut hor
: ekesum awat i@yahoo.com
Abst r a ct
This st udy aim s t o det erm ine t he effect of com post ed w ast e coffee pow der and gibberellins concent rat ion on t he grow t h and flow er ing of roses (Rosa galica L.) as w ell as t he int eract ion bet w een t he t w o fact or s. Research conduct ed at t he Ex perim ent al Farm of t he Facult y of Agricult ure Sy iah Kuala Univ ersit y , Banda Aceh. This st udy used a Random ized Block Design ( RAK) in fact orial arrangem ent ; t here are t w o fact ors w it h t hree replicat ion s. The first fact or is com post ed w ast e coffee pow der consist ing of: soil + com post ed w ast e coffee pow der ( 1: 1) , soil + com post ed w ast e coffee pow der ( 1: 2) , sand + com post ed w ast e coffee pow der ( 1: 1) , sand + com post ed w ast e coffee pow der ( 1: 2) . The second fact or is t he concent rat ion of gibberellins consist ing of: 0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm . The result s show ed t hat t he com posit ion of t he grow ing m edia com post ed w ast e coffee pow der has no significant effect on all param et ers observ ed. Plant ing m edia com posit ion t ends t o be bet t er found in sand + com post ed w ast e coffee pow der ( 1: 1) . The concent rat ion gibberellin v ery significant effect on t he num ber of branches at t he age of 60 day s aft er plan t ing ( DAP) , significant effect on plant height , st em diam et er and num ber of rose plant s flow er, at t he age of 45 and 60 DAP. The best grow t h and flow ering of roses w as found on concen t rat ion of 20 0 ppm gibberellin. There w as no significant int eract ion bet w een com post ed w ast e coffee pow der w it h gibberellin concent rat ion on all param et ers observ ed.
Ke yw o r ds: com post ed w ast e coffee pow der, gibberellins, roses
I n t r od u ct ion
Roses are plant s t hat are favored by people cause of t he arom a, beaut y, size, and t he variet y of t he flower color. This plant has a high econom ic value and a good prospect for cult ivated ( Rosana, 2011) . Based on t he ut ilit y, roses can be grouped int o a sowing roses, cosm et ic roses, cut roses, pot ted roses and rose garden ( Kartapradj a, 1995) . Cut roses have a high volum e of requests com pared t o t he ot her cut flowers and dem and is increasing especially on big days. I n Jakart a, roses had t hird ranks dem and for cut flowers aft er orchids and gladiolus. The product ion centers of roses in I ndonesia are Nort h Sum at ra, West Java, Cent ral Java and East Java ( Marlina dan Euis, 2009) .
Roses grow well in t he porous plant ing m edium . Plant ing m edium serves as a place to grow and provide m acro and m icro nut rient s needed by plants. Media also m ust not cont ain weed seeds and pathogens (Muhit dan Laily, 2006). Organic wast e is rem nant from a natural product derived from plants or anim als. Som e t ypes of organic agricult ural wast e can be used as a growing m edium in t he cult ivat ion of roses, such as t he coconut husks, bagasse, palm bunches, waste coffee powder, and ot hers.
Today in Banda Aceh there are m any coffee shops, so t hat produced t oo m uch wast e coffee powder. Based on t he surveys, t he average of coffee shop was produces 5- 15 kg per day waste coffee powder, equivalent t o 150- 450 kg per m ont h. A buildup of coffee powder wast e in final disposal can cause environm ent al pollut ion, t he solut ion t o overcom e this problem is t o use the waste coffee powder int o organic growing m edia. Waste coffee powders have long been used as a growing m edium for plant s. Nut rients cont ained in waste coffee powder require t im e t o be ferm entat ed in order t o be used for t he
plant wit h t he help of m icroorganism s ( Shanegenziuk, 2012) . According Musat t o et al., ( 2011)
com post ed waste coffee powder cont aining 1,2- 2,3% N, 0,02- 0,5% P dan 0,30% K.
Beside t he used of growing m edia, giving of nut rient s in the cult ivat ion of roses is necessary, for exam ple, t he using of growt h regulator ( PGR) . PGR is useful t o encourage t he growt h and developm ent of plants. PGR consist of auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and gibberellins ( Yent ina, 2011) . Gibberellins ( GA) are a horm one t hat can be found throughout t he plant lifecycle. Giberelin serves t o break dorm ancy or stunted growt h of plant s so t hat t he plants can grow norm ally by accelerat ing t he process of cell division, increase flowering, st im ulat e seed germ inat ion process, and play a role in cell elongat ion (Sant oso, 2010).
Proceeding s of Th e 5th Annu al I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2 01 5
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8th I n t ern at ion al Con feren ce of Ch em ical Eng ineering o n Science and Applicat ions ( Ch ESA) 2 0 15 Sept em ber 9 - 1 1, 2 01 5, Banda Aceh, I ndon esia
I n t he rose plant, t he im portant qualit y charact eristics of cut flower is t he flower stem lengt h and diam eter of the flower. The concent rat ion of 300 ppm gibberellin can im prove t he qualit y of roses
Cherry brandy, t he stem lengt h increased from 35.21 cm t o 63.62 cm which belong t o t he super class ( increase stem lengt h of 43.7% ) . Concent rat ion of 300 ppm gibberellin has t he highest value in t he num ber of node, node lengt h, and enhanced t he form at ion of flowers for 10 days. Giving 300 ppm
gibberellin can m aintain t he freshness of flowers up t o 1- 3 days t han usual ( Wuryaningsih et al.,
1995) . This st udy aim s t o determ ine t he effect of com posit ion of organic growing m edia com posted waste coffee powder and t he concent rat ion of gibberellins and interact ion am ong t hese fact ors on the growth and flowering of roses.
M a t e r ia ls a nd M e t h ods
This research was conduct ed from Juni t o August 2013 at t he farm land of t he Facult y of Agricult ure, Universit y of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. The m at erials used were 48 plants of local variet ies of red
roses (Rosa galica L.). The plants were 1 m ont h aged, and have 2 branches, t he height 10-20 cm and
not flowering. The plant ing m edium t hat used were soil 50 kg, 100 kg of sand and 50 kg of com post ed waste coffee powder, 100 m l alcohol, 1 bot t le EM- 4, and 100 m l gibberellin. This st udy uses a random ized block design ( RAK) with t hree replications. Fact ors st udied were t he com posit ion of organic growing m edia com posted waste coffee grounds and t he concent rat ion of gibberellins. Fact ors
t he com posit ion of organic growing m edia com posted wast e coffee powder ( K) consist s of 4 levels; K1
= soil + com posted wast e coffee powder ( 1: 1) , K2 = soil + com post ed waste coffee powder ( 1: 2) , K3
= sand + com posted waste coffee powder ( 1: 1) and K4 = sand + com posted wast e powder coffee
( 1: 2) . The concent rat ion of Giberelin ( H) consist s of 4 levels: H0 = 0 ( cont rol) , H1 = 100 ppm , H1
= 200 ppm and H3 = 300 ppm . From t hese two factors obtained 16 com binat ions wit h t hree
replicat ions, t otal had 48 units of experim ent .
The com posit ion of t he m aterial used for com posted waste coffee powder was coffee powder 50 kg, rice husk 40 kg and m anure 50 kg. Technique of com posted waste coffee powder was, t he first layer insert raw husks 10 kg, t he second layer insert m anure 10 kg, t he t hird layer insert t he waste coffee grounds 10 kg and t hen doused wit h EM- 4 300 m l previously m ixed with 5 L of water and 300 m l brown sugar t hat diluted. This technique was repeat five t im es. Com posted waste coffee powder was st irred every week and flush with 5 L water. The com posted process was conduct ed over 2 m ont hs. Plant ing m edium used in t he research is soil, sand and com posted waste coffee grounds. All t he plant ing m edium is m ixed unt il hom ogeneous ( t he rat io by volum e) in accordance wit h t he t reat m ent. Selected healt hy roses were planted int o polybag in t he aft ernoon, and t hen put in t he shade place, and gived wat er irrigat ion.
Growt h regulat or of gibberellin was given t o t he plant s at t he age 10, 20, 30, 40 days aft er plant ing ( DAP) . Gibberellin was applied t o t he plants accordance wit h t he t reatm ent , each plant was spraying wit h 10 m l of water by using handspayer. Gibberellin concent rat ion used is obtained through dilut ion t o m ake a st ock solut ion first . St ock solut ion was prepared by m ixing 100 m l giberelin int o 900 m l of water t o obt ain a st ock solut ion giberelin as 1lit er. When applaid to t he plant , it m ust be dilut ion again by dissolving 1 m l st ock solut ion of giberelin int o 999 m l of water. Plant s m aint enance included irigat ion 2 t im es a day and weed cont rol. Observat ions were m ade on plant height , st em diam eter, and num ber of branches, each perform ed at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after plant ing ( DAP) , and t he num ber of flowers at t he plant ages 45 and 60 DAP.
Resu lts a nd D iscussion
1 . Effe ct of Com posit ion Com p ost ed W ast e Coffe e Pow d e r on Th e Grow t h a nd Flow e r in g of
Rose Pla n ts
Analysis of variance showed t hat t he com posit ion of t he plant ing m edium organic com post ed waste coffee powder had no significant effect on plant height , stem diam et er, num ber of branches at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after plant ing ( DAP) and t he num ber of flowers of roses at t he age of 45 and 60 HST. Table 1 showed t hat t he t reat m ent sand + com posted waste coffee powder wit h a rat io of 1: 1 ( K3) t end t o show bett er results alt hough stat ist ically not significant wit h ot her t reat m ent s. I n t his experim ent t he com posit ion of sand+ com posted waste coffee powder, in both rat io ( 1: 1 and 1: 2) increased the num ber of roses flower.
This is presum ably because t he com post ed waste coffee powder slowly available t o plant s, so t hat t he plants have not been able t o absorb t he nut rient s opt im ally for growt h and flowering. This is in accordance wit h the opinion of Handayani ( 2008) which st at es t hat t he nut rients cont ained in organic fert ilizers can not be direct ly used by plant m axim ally. This is presum ably also because t he plant has
Proceeding s of Th e 5th Annu al I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2 01 5
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8th I n t ern at ion al Con feren ce of Ch em ical Eng ineering o n Science and Applicat ions ( Ch ESA) 2 0 15 Sept em ber 9 - 1 1, 2 01 5, Banda Aceh, I ndon esia
not been able t o absorb t he nut rient s nit rogen supplied of com posted waste coffee powder in t he soil m axim ally. Com posted wast e coffee powder containing of 4- 10% N, 0, 14% P and 0.2% K ( Shanegenziuk, 2012) . Nut rient N is a key elem ent needed by plant s, especially during t he vegetat ive, nut rient deficiencies can lead t o inhibited plant growth ( Lingga, 1986) . Marschner ( 1986) stat es that, flowers at t he age of 45 and 60 days aft er plant ing (DAP) . Gibberellin concent rat ion had no significant effect on plant height and st em diam et er at t he age of 15 and 30 DAP, t he num ber of branches at 15, 30 and 45 DAP.
Table 2 showed that t he gibberellin concent rat ion of 200 ppm (H2) had very significant effect on t he
Proceeding s of Th e 5th Annu al I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2 01 5
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8th I n t ern at ion al Con feren ce of Ch em ical Eng ineering o n Science and Applicat ions ( Ch ESA) 2 0 15 Sept em ber 9 - 1 1, 2 01 5, Banda Aceh, I ndon esia
I n t he t reat m ent wit hout giving giberelin ( H0) plant growt h was not opt im al, as well as t he provision of
gibberellin t reatm ent wit h a concent rat ion of 100 ppm ( H1) has not been able t o increase t he growt h
of roses. I t is suspect ed t hat gibbereblin concent rat ion was low for t he roses. This condit ions sim ilar wit h t he research of Rosm adelina ( 2000) which states t hat t he cabbage palm seeds germ inate longest contained in t he pulp rem oved and t he t reatm ent by adm inistering gibberellin concent rat ion of 100 ppm , it is suspected concent rat ion of gibberellin has not been able t o opt im ally support the growt h of sprout s.
I n t he gibberellin wit h a concent rat ion of 300 ppm ( H3) rose plant growt h is inhibited. This is
presum ably due t o excessive giving gibberellins inhibit growth. This is supported by t he statem ent of
Claudia ( 2009) which states t hat t he plant s flower sheat h lowest Spat ifilum cont ained in gibberellin
concent rat ion of 300 ppm , it is presum ably because t he plant s Spat ifilum experience obstacles in
growth, caused by t he excessive concent rat ion of gibberellins. Giberelin proper concent rat ion is very helpful in support ing t he growt h and developm ent of plants. I f t he concent rat ion is given is not right t hen it will inhibit plant growt h. Gibberellin applicat ion at appropriat e concent rat ions, not only im proves t he perform ance of plant s, but can also result in t he plant having a faster flowering period.
3 . Effe ct of I n t er a ct ion
The result s showed that t here was no significant int eract ion bet ween t he com posit ion of organic growing m edia com posted waste coffee powder wit h gibberellin concent rat ion of all param eters observed.
Con clusions
1. The com posit ion of organic growing m edia com post ed waste coffee powder no significant effect on all param eters. Growt h and flowering roses t end t o be bet ter in t he plant ing m edium sand + com post ed waste coffee powder ( 1: 1) .
2. The concent rat ion of gibberellins very significant effect on t he num ber of branches plants at t he age of 60 HST, significant ly affected in plant height , stem diam eter and t he num ber of flowers at t he age of 45 and 60 HST, no significant effect on plant height and st em diam eter at t he age 15 and 30 DAP, t he num ber of branches at 15, 30 and 45 DAP. The best growt h and flowering of roses was found at concent rat ion of 200 ppm Giberelin.
3. There is no significant int eract ion between the com posit ions of organic growing m edia com post ed waste coffee powder wit h gibberellin concent rat ion on all t he param eters.
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