OF BANGLE (
Zingiber cassumunar
Roxb.) RHIZOME
Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Fenol Total Rimpang Bangle
(Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.)
Lia Marliani, Winasih Rahmawati, Anju Sinurat
Bandung Collage of Pharmacy (STFB)
e-mail:tmleea@gmail.com
ABSTRAK
Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) merupakan salah satu tanaman aromatik yang telah lama digunakan sebagai
obat tradisional. Rimpang bengle memiliki banyak senyawa aktif yang prospektif menjadi salah satu pengoba -tan komplementer dan alternatif tradisional, antara lain minyak esensial, terpenoid, kurkuminoid, dan senyawa fenolik yang memiliki antioksidan, aktivitas anti-inflamasi dan anti-bakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan total fenolik dari rimpang bengle. Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode radikal bebas DPPH. Total kandungan fenolik ditentukan dengan meng -gunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis meng-gunakan Folin Cio-calteu reagen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rimpang bangle memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sedang (IC50 142 mg / ml). Total kandungan fenolik dari Bangle Roxb. rimpang adalah 2.71 g GAE / 100 g ekstrak atau 0,30 g GAE / 100 g simplisia.
Kata kunci: Zingiber cassumunar, antioksidan, DPPH, kandungan fenol total.
ABSTRACT
Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) is one of aromatic plants that has long been used as traditional medicine.
Cassumunar rhizome has many active compound which are prospective to be one of traditional complementary and alternative medicine. Those active compounds such as essential oils, terpenoids, curcuminoids, and pheno-lic compounds that has antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity. The aims of this study was to determine antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Z. cassumunar Roxb. rhizome. Determination of
antioxidant activity was done by DPPH free radical scavenging method. Total phenolic content was determined using Spectrophotometry UV-Vis used the Folin Cio-calteu reagent. The results showed that Z. cassumunar Roxb.
rhizome has moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 142 μg/ml). Total phenolic content of Z. cassumunar Roxb. rhi -zome was 2.71 g GAE/100 g extract or 0.30 g GAE/ 100 g crude drugs.
INTRODUCTION
Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (synonyms: Amomum montanum Koenig, Zingiber monta-num (Koenig) Dietrich, Zingiber purpureum Roscoe) is a member of family Zingiberaceae.
It is grows in tropical and subtropical Asia coutries, including Indonesia. Bangle is one of common name in Indonesia. It is used as spic-es and medicinal plants for the treatment of
conditions such as inflammation, fever, head -ache, cough, rheumatism, carminative, and anthelmintic agent. The rhizome of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. contain some active compo -nents such as phenylbutenoids which has
anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory potency (Chung et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2007; Han et al., 2005) and immunostimulant (Chairul et al., 2009), phenylbutanoids (such as phlain I-IV) which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activ -ity (Nakamura et al., 2009), fungicide/ antifun -gal (Tripathi et al., 2008; Jantan et al., 2003),
cassumunin A-C (Masuda et al., 1993; Masuda and Jitoe, 1994; Nagano et al., 1997) and cas
-sumunarin A-C (Nakatani and Kikuzaki, 2001),
complex curcuminoids which has antioxidant activity, and also essential oils which has
anti-microbial (Pithayanukul et al., 2007), and an -thelmintic (Sukandar et al., 1997). Rhizome of Z. cassumunar Roxb. yield about 0.95% essen -tial oil (Bhuiyan et al., 2008) which contains 4-terpeniol and sabinene as its main compo -nents.
Phenolic compounds are some of ac
-tive phytochemical. Phenolic compounds can
reduce free radical species and can be used as
natural antioxidant agent. Considering of phe -nolic compounds in Z. cassumunar Roxb. we
determined antioxidant activity and total phe-nolic compound of its rhizome in this study.
MATERIALS AND METHOD Materials
Rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.
were collected from Manoko, Lembang,
Indo-nesia. The specimens were identified at
the Bandungense herbarium, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of
Technology. Rhizomes was dried in oven with temperature at 40˚C. Dried rhizomes was ex -tracted by macerate method used ethanol
sol-vent for 3x24 hours. Extract was concentrated
by rotary evaporated. rendemen extract was
13,98%.
Methods
Determination of free radical scavenging activ-ity
The free radical scavenging activity of extract and ascorbic acid as positive control
was determined using the stable radical DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) (Seal, 2011). Aliquots (0.2 ml) of the tested sample were placed in test tubes and 3.8 ml of freshly pre
-pared DPPH solution (60 ppm) in methanol
was added in each test tube and mixed. 30 min
later, the absorbance was measured at 515 nm (λmax of DPPH solution). The capability to scav -enge the DPPH radical was calculated using the following equation:
DPPH scavenged (%) = [(Ac – As)/Ac] x 100 Where Ac is the absorbance of the
con-trol (DPPH solution) and As is the absorbance
in presence of the sample of the extracts. The antioxidant activity of the extract was
ex-pressed as IC50. The IC50 value was defined
as the concentration that inhibits the
forma-tion of DPPH radicals by 50%. Each value was determined from regression equation.
Determination of total phenolic content
Total phenolic were determined by
Fo-lin Ciocalteu reagent (Pourmorad et al., 2006).
A dilute extract (5 ml) or gallic acid (standard phenolic compound) was mixed with Folin Cio
-calteu reagent (5 ml, 1:10 diluted with distilled water) and aqueous Na2CO3 (4 ml, 1 M). The mixtures were allowed to stand for 15 min and
the total phenolic content were determined
by colorimetry at 765 nm. The standard curve was prepared using 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 μg/ml solutions of gallic acid in
methanol : water (50:50, v/v). Total phenol
values are expressed in terms of gallic acid
equivalent (mg/g of dry mass), which is a com -mon reference compound.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
DPPH used a substrate to determine
antioxidant activity based on the reduction of
DPPH solution (purple coloured) on methanol
in the presence of hydrogen donating
antioxi-dants and form non radical DPPH-H (yellow
coloured). The scavenging activity of Z. cas-sumunar Roxb. rhizome extract increased due increasing concentration of the extract. DPPH scavenged (%) of extract and ascorbic acid are shown in Table 1 and Table 2
Table 1. DPPH scavenged (%) of extract
Concentration (μg/ml) DPPH scavenged (%) IC50 (μg/ml)
80 30.9
100 39.6
120 43.6 142.7
140 50.0
160 55.6
180 590
Table 2. DPPH scavenged (%) of Ascorbic acid
Concentration (μg/ml) DPPH scavenged (%) IC50 (μg/ml)
2 24.09
3 42.82
4 54.01 3.71
5 70.07
6 84.18
7 85.88
That result showed that Z. cassumunar Roxb. rhizome has moderate antioxidant activ
-ity (IC50 142 μg/ml) but not as good as ascor
-bic acid as positive control (IC50 3.71 μg/ml).
Total phenolic content were measured with
using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The principle of
this method is reduction ability of phenol func-tional group at alkali solution. The reduction of fosfotungstat-fosfomolibdenum complex
(Folin-Ciocalteu reagent) by phenol ion will
change its color to be dark blue.
Absorbance of this reaction product, complex compound Molybdenum blue was increased due concentration increasing.
Figure 1. Calibration curve of Gallic acid (GA) as standard solution.
Table 3. Total phenolic content of extract
_ Total phenolic content No A C C
(µg/ml) (µg/ml) g GAE/100 g g GAE/100 g extract crude drug (dry)
0.648 332.903
1 0.650 334.193 333.33 2.22
0.648 332.903
0.631 321.935
2 0.633 323.225 320.21 2.13 0.30
0.621 315.483
0.630 321.290
3 0.637 325.806 322.46 2.15
0.630 321.290 _
X±SD 325.33±7.0161 2.17±0.0472
n = 3
This result showed that total phenolic content of Z. cassumunar Roxb. rhizome was 2.17±0.0472 g GAE/100 g extract or 0.30 g GAE/ 100 g crude drugs. Moderate antioxidant
activity of Z. cassumunar Roxb. rhizome can be related with its total phenolic content. Phe -nolic compounds are one of active antioxidant compound. Their hydroxyl group can reduced free radical species.
CONCLUSION
Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. rhizome has moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 142 μg/
ml). Total phenolic content of Z. cassumunar Roxb. rhizome was 2.17±0.0472 g GAE/100 g extract or 0.30 g GAE/ 100 g crude drugs.
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