Utilization of Radar data
for Maritime Surveillance
INDESO Project
processing center
satelite radar
INDESO
satelit VMS
SISWASMA S
alat komunikasi
vessel monitoring system (VMS)
pusat kendali
Maritime Radar Application
Why use radar satellite data?
• Wide areas monitoring in short time (Approx 2-3 hours) • All weather conditions
• No geographical limits • Operational cost reduction
Satellite Technology
Optical Satellite Data Radar Satellite Data
OPTICAL
• See colors
• See shadows
• See Surfaces
SAR
• Perceive roughness/smoothness
• Perceive wetness/dryness
• Touch corners
•
Considerations about orbits and revisit (pros and
cons of Sun Synchronous)
•
Same/different orbit plans
Electro-Optical
vs
SAR
•
reflected sunlight
-
emits own radiation
•
visible/infrared
-
microwave
•
many channels -
one channel
•
NO Phase information -
phase information (coherent
detection)
•
close to Nadir
-
slant view
•
day time
-
day/night
•
blocked by clouds
-
cloud penetrating
Main Application (INDESO Project)
Ground Station
• Hosts the INDESO Core System and operational team
• Located in Perancak, Bali Island
VMS
Illegal Fishing Oil Spill
INDESO Daily Operation
Reflected signal from ships (bright) and backscattering (dark) from the sea surface
Radar Image Processing
Natuna (Widefine Beam Mode)
Natuna (Extended Beam Mode)
Sulawesi (Extended Beam Mode)
Echo non-transmitter
Echo transmitter (VMS)
Area of Interest
VMS VMS
Percentage Echo Transmitter 2015
Percentage Echo Transmitter 2016
4 Fishing Vessel Philippines 1 Fishing Vessel Vietnam 102 crews of fishing vessel
8 Fishing Vessel Philippines 4 Malaysia Fishing Vessels
3 Vietnam Fishing Vessels
8 Vietnam Fishing Vessels 3 Fishing Vessel Philippines
Oil Spill Visibility by SAR
Optimal wind conditions for oil detection by SAR:
Oil spill is detected by SAR as a dark area in contrast to the clean sea surface that is brighter.
However, for wind < 2 m/s:
background scattering is very low and most of the contrast between clean sea and oil is lost;
for wind > 14 m/s:
contrast is lost because (i) at the surface there’s a mixture of sea water and oil, and (ii) with strong winds capillary waves form also for the sea water/oil
mixture.
Natuna, 22 Oktober 2016
1. There are oil spills from discharge a vessel : length of oil is 38 km
2. The suspect vessel is Prosperity Tanker (Bakamla, 2016)
