CONFUCIANISM’S DEATH RITUALS, RITUAL OBJECTS, AND THEIR SUPERSTITIOUS MEANINGS AMONG THE CONFUCIANS CHINESE-INDONESIA FAMILIES IN SEMARANG A Thesis Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement to Obtain the Bachelor Degree in the English Literatu

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CONFUCIANISM’S DEATH RITUALS, RITUAL OBJECTS, AND

THEIR SUPERSTITIOUS MEANINGS AMONG THE CONFUCIANS

CHINESE-INDONESIA FAMILIES IN SEMARANG

A Thesis Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement to Obtain the

Bachelor Degree in the English Literature Study Program

By:

Siek, Wihayatia Santoso

Student Number: 13.80.0008

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS

SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY

SEMARANG

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A THESIS ON

CONFUCIANISM’S DEATH RITUALS, RITUAL OBJECTS AND THEIR

SUPERSTITIOUS MEANINGS AMONG THE CONFUCIANS

CHINESE-INDONESIAN FAMILIES IN SEMARANG

By:

Siek, Wihayatia Santoso

Student Number: 13.80.0008

Approved by,

B. Retang Wohangara, SS., M.Hum March 21, 2018

Major Sponsor

Angelika Riyandari, Ph.D. March 21, 2018

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A thesis defended in front of the Board of Examiners on March 21, 2018 and

declared acceptable

BOARD OF EXAMINERS

Chairperson : B. Retang Wohangara, SS., M.Hum

Secretary : Angelika Riyandari, Ph.D

Member : Dr. Heny Hartono, SS., M.Pd

Semarang, March 21, 2018

Faculty of Language and Arts

Soegijapranata Catholic University

Dean,

Angelika Riyandari, Ph.D

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LAMPIRAN: KEPUTUSAN REKTOR UNIVERSITAS KATHOLIK

SOEGIJAPRANATA

Nomor : 0047 / SK. Rek / X / 2013 Tanggal: 07 Oktober 2013

Tentang: PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI/TUGAS AKHIR DAN THESIS

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI/ TUGAS AKHIR/ THESIS *)

Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa dalam skripsi yang berjudul “Confucianism’s Death

Rituals, Ritual Objects, and Their Superstitious Meanings among The Confucian Chinese-Indonesian Families In Semarang” ini tidak terdapat karya yang pernah diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar kerjasanaan di suatu Perguruan Tinggi, dan sepanjang pengetahuan saya juga tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang pernah ditulis atau diterbitkan oleh orang lain, kecuali yang secara tertulis diacu dalam naskah ini dan disebutkan dalam daftar pustaka.

Apabila di kemudian hari ternyata terbukti bahwa skripsi ini sebagian atau seluruhnya merupakan hasil plagiasi, maka saya rela untuk dibatalkan, dengan segala akibat hukumnya sesuai peraturan yang berlaku pada Universitas Katholik Soegijapranata dan/atau peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.

Semarang, 21 Maret 2018

Siek Wihayatia Santoso 13.80.0008

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Acknowledgement

Allow me to express my highest gratitude to Jesus Christ who always guides and blesses me during the writing process of this thesis. HIS perfect guidance enables me to complete this undergraduate thesis, titled “Confucianism’s Death Rituals, Ritual Objects,

and Their Superstitious Meanings”. In writing this thesis, many people offer me both direct and indirect contributions. Their encouragement gives me strength, especially in the situation when I think it is hard to carry on. First of all, I want to thank my lovely families: my father and mother who provide me an opportunity to go to college and motivation to lead my college life productively; my sister and my brainstorming friend, Tina, who always supports me in her own ways, reminds me about the anticipated time for my graduation by asking questions like “how’s your thesis?” or “at what chapter are you now?” Her questions push me to do my best in this final phase of my college days. I

also thank my grandma for her prayers and encouragement for me. My partner offers me a great help by accompanying me to field to collect data thorough several interviews. Thank you a lot.

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Last but not least, I can say that my friends are one the most important parts in my life. Thank you to my best friends in ups and downs: Lintang, Maya, and Vania. We support each other, spend time together, and try to reach our common and own targets. Our time together is very meaningful. I send my sweet regards to other college friends: Riri, Echa, Devin, Friska, Melina, Flo, Denny, and many more. I thank you all for the friendship we have during these four and a half year, and it is still counting on. I cannot forget my high school and church friends: Kinderjoy Team, Grace, Marina, Rika, Jenny, and Riko. Thank you for encouraging me to arrive at this point. Well guys, I do appreciate everything you have given me. Your mere presence is already a blessing for me.

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4.1 Jieb Bok prayer ... 24

Figure 4.2 Moy Song prayer ... 28

Figure 4.3 Sang Cong prayer ... 32

Figure 4.4 Jiep Gong prayer ... 35

Figure 4.5 The coffin used in death ceremony ... 42

Figure 4.6 Toiletries on the chair... 44

Figure 4.7 A yellow umbrella ... 45

Figure 4.8 A pair of servant puppets ... 47

Figure 4.9 Sio Gim/ Tuan Gim ... 47

Figure 4.10 Crock and Cammock ... 48

Figure 4.11 Kimcoa ... 49

Figure 4.12 Seven pearls ... 50

Figure 4.13 Klonyo oil ... 51

Figure 4.14 Wajik ... 52

Figure 4.15 Kue Ku ... 53

Figure 4.16 Kue Mangkok ... 54

Figure 4.17 Kue Moho ... 55

Figure 4.18 Plantain ... 55

Figure 4.19 Watermelon ... 56

Figure 4.20 Longan ... 56

Figure 4.21 Pinneaple ... 58

Figure 4.22 Babi Cin ... 58

Figure 4.23 Ayam O ... 59

Figure 4.24 Bandeng Cuan- cuan ... 59

Figure 4.25 Cuisine from crab ... 59

Figure 4.26 Cuisine from duck meat ... 60

Figure 4.27 Ca Bung ... 61

Figure 4.28 Sawi oyot ... 61

Figure 4.29 Tahu pong ... 63

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Figure 4.31 Sambal goreng ... 64

Figure 4.32 Tea ... 65

Figure 4.33 Arrack ... 65

Figure 4.34 Water ... 68

Figure 4.35 Paper house miniature is burning ... 68

Figure 4.36 A watermelon is broken ... 68

Figure 4.37 King’s palanquin ... 69

Figure 4.38 Stretcher ... 69

Figure 4.39 Flowers ... 70

Figure 4.40 Soil ... 71

Figure 4.41 Mung bean seeds ... 72

Figure 4.42 Yellow soybean seeds ... 72

Figure 4.43 Corn kernels ... 73

Figure 4.44 Unhulled rice ... 73

Figure 4.45 Black soybean seeds ... 73

ABSTRACT

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house miniature are some of ritual objects that have superstitious meanings. They are burnt as a symbol of supplies stock for the deceased in his new realm. There are also offerings served on the table. A few of them are considered having superstitious meaning as well.

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xii ABSTRAK

Kata “folklore” sangat terkait dengan kehidupan dunia ini.Itu dapat berupa cerita, entah cerita rakyat, legenda, mitos, atau kepercayaan, tradisi, dan adat istiadat baik yang tradisional maupun modern. Penelitian ini berfokus pada satu jenis ekspresi folkloric, yaitu ritual. Ritual adalah kegiatan umum dalam budaya apa pun yang dipenuhi dengan ungkapan identitas dari komunitas tertentu. Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan ritual kematian dalam agama Konfusianisme atau Kong Hu Chu. Penelitian ini sendiri memiliki tiga tujuan, tujuan pertama adalahmenjelaskan lima ritual yang dijalankan oleh orang-orang Konghucu mulai dari awal ketika peti mati tiba di rumah duka sampai dimakamkan di pemakaman atau dibakar dalam krematorium. Ada yang disebut dengan Pai Kui, Jieb Bok, Moy Song, Jiep Gong, yang mana ritual ini dilakukan di rumah duka, dan upacara Sang Congyang merupakan satu-satunya ritual yang dilakukan di tempat krematorium atau pemakaman. Tujuan kedua adalah untuk mengungkap alasan orang-orang Konghucu menjalankan ritual. Memang pada dasarnya ajaran Konfusianisme menekankan pada penghormatan terhadap leluhur, bakti kepada orang tua, dan menjaga hubungan baik antara manusia dan sesamanya. Oleh karena itu, penganut agama Konghucu sangat menghargai dan menghormati para leluhur atau nenek moyang dan rekan-rekan mereka. Sementara ada persepsi berbeda dari orang yang lainnya, yang mana mereka menganggap pelaksanaan ritual adalah sebagai upaya untuk melestarikan sebuah tradisi. Tujuan terakhir adalah mendeskripsikan benda-benda yang digunakan dalam setiap ritual yang tentunya tidak dipilih secara acak. Seperti Sio Gim dan minatur rumah dari kertas adalah beberapa benda ritual yang memiliki “makna tersendiri”.Kedua benda tersebut dibakar sebagai lambang pengiriman bekal bagi almarhum di alam barunya. Terlebih ada pula persembahan makanan atau lebih dikenal dengan sesajen, yang disajikan di atas meja. Beberapa dari makanan tersebutdianggap memiliki “makna tersendiri” pula.

CONFUCIANISM’S DEATH RITUALS, RITUAL OBJECTS, AND THEIR SUPERSTITIOUS MEANINGS AMONG THE CONFUCIANS CHINESE-INDONESIA FAMILIES IN SEMARANG A Thesis Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement to Obtain the Bachelor Degree in the English Literatu