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E-ISSN 2443-1532
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution – ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE PEOPLE OF MALANG CITY IN CHOOSING TRANSPORTATION IN COVID-19
PANDEMIC
Ivan Fadhil Amrullah1, Sri Wiwoho Mudjanarko2*
1,2Civil Engineering, Universitas Narotama
[email protected]1, [email protected]2*
ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has been going on since the beginning of 2020. Various efforts have been made by the Indonesia Government to prevent the spread of this virus, including the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy, the Implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM), and the Adaptation of New Normal Habits (AKB).
Malang City is the second largest city in East Java after Surabaya and is one of the most strategically located cities. The density of activity is directly proportional to the development of community movements that require growing transportation needs. The study was conducted to determine the decisions of the people of Malang City towards the selection of conventional and online transportation in daily activities based on customer satisfaction during the Covid- 19 pandemic. The research was conducted in Malang City in October-November 2021. The object of research is the perception of users of conventional public transportation on the AG (Arjosari-Gadang) line and online transportation including Gojek and Grab with 100 respondents. Data analysis on the study used Multiple Linear Regression Analysis using the SPSS version 25 program. Factors that influence the decision of people in Malang City in choosing conventional or online transportation during the Covid-19 pandemic are significantly reliability, responsiveness, Assurance and Tangibility Asset, while User Experience has no effect on people's decisions in choosing transportation
Keywords: Covid-19, Transportation, SPSS, Customer Satisfaction 1. INTRODUCTION
The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has been going on since the beginning of 2020.
Various efforts have been made by the Indonesia Government to prevent the spread of this virus, including the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy, the Implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM), and the Adaptation of New Normal Habits (AKB).
This policy encourages people to coordinate their behaviour according to health protocols set by the Government. In addition, the Covid-19 pandemic changed people's lifestyles, and aspects of people's lives changed rapidly. As a provider of high-quality statistical data, the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) is responsible for providing information on how to deal with the pandemic, provides information about compliance awareness and effectiveness of health protocols, awareness and assessment of the Covid-19 pandemic, the role of the media in providing information in efforts to prevent Covid-19.
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Malang City is the second largest city in East Java after Surabaya and is one of the most strategically located cities. The density of activity is directly proportional to the development of community movements that require growing transportation needs. This development has brought Malang City to a balance between supply and demand of transportation, the low level of service and the performance of public transportation has caused an increase in the number of private car users. Malang City public transportation, including city transportation, is one of the transportation facilities used for the activities of the people of Malang City. Although the number of public transportation passengers is decreasing day by day, the people of Malang City still need local public transportation passengers in their daily activities.
The Government urges people to carry out activities such as work and school from home during the Covid-19 Pandemic. However, not everyone can work from home, some people have been forced to keep working in the office during this pandemic due to the demands of work. Another problem that arises is that the availability of public transportation facilities is experiencing a shortage of conventional transportation due to this policy. One of the means of transportation that has grown rapidly in the pandemic is the online transportation service.
The factor that affects customer satisfaction is the quality of service. The quality of service purposed to be satisfactory if the service felt is the same or exceeds the quality of service expected during the Covid-19 pandemic. Excellent service, which is to accordance with customer expectations will foster a sense of customer satisfaction and trust in enjoying the products or services they use. On the contrary, the quality of service that is not in accordance with what the customer expects will cause dissatisfaction with the customer.
The study was conducted to determine the decisions of the people of Malang City towards the selection of conventional and online transportation in daily activities based on customer satisfaction during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research conducted can provide an overview of conventional and online transportation consumers in Malang City and contribute to science in the form of the application of theories related to transportation management to suit the needs of the wider community
2. RESEARCHMETODS a. Research Location
The research was conducted in Malang City in October-November 2021. The object of research is the perception of users of conventional public transportation on the AG (Arjosari- Gadang) line and online transportation including Gojek and Grab. The selection of the research location was carried out deliberately with the consideration of the AG (Arjosari-Gadang) Line through the centre of the crowd in Malang City including Schools and Universities. The selection of Gojek and Grab online transportation is because Gojek and Grab are the largest ride hailing shareholders in Indonesia.
b. Sampling Methods
The study conducted often a population cannot be analysed as a whole, so that a certain sample size can be selected so that the study can be carried out (Kurniawan, et al, 2022). The sample used was 100 respondents with several criteria, including having used public transportation on the AG Line (Arjosari-Gadang) and online transportation. Convenience
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sampling is sampling based on the availability of elements and the ease of obtaining them, samples taken because the sample is at the right place and time (Sugiyono, 2017).
Figure 1. Arjosari Public Transport Terminals c. Data Collection
The research uses a descriptive analysis method with a quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out with an open interview using a questionnaire that contained five dimensions of variables, including Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Tangibility Asset and User Experience.
d. Data Analysis
Data analysis on the study used Multiple Linear Regression Analysis using the SPSS version 25 program. Before the Regression Analysis was carried out, the collected data were carried out instrumental tests (validity and reliability tests) and classical assumption tests. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression analysis with the SPSS 25 program (Hartono, 2013). The form of regression equation with five free variables is:
𝑌𝑌 = 𝑏𝑏0+ 𝑏𝑏1. 𝑋𝑋1+ 𝑏𝑏2. 𝑋𝑋2+ 𝑏𝑏3. 𝑋𝑋3+ 𝑏𝑏4. 𝑋𝑋4+ 𝑏𝑏5. 𝑋𝑋5 Notation:
Y : Consumer Decisions 𝑏𝑏0 : Constanta
𝑋𝑋1 : Reliability 𝑋𝑋2 : Responsive 𝑋𝑋3 : Assurance 𝑋𝑋4 : Tangibility Asset 𝑋𝑋5 : User Experience
3. RESULTSANDDISCUSSION a. Characteristics Respondent
Respondents in the study were known to be 100 respondents. The distribution of respondents can be seen in the following table:
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Table 1. Characteristics of Respondent
No Characteristics Number of Respondent Percentage (%) 1 Gender
Male
Female 50
50 50
50 2 Aged
<20 20-25
>25
33 46 21
33 46 21 3 Profession
Students
Workers 50
50 50
50
Source: Primary Data (2021) b. Classical Assumption Test
1. Normality Test
The normality test using the Kolmorogov-Smirnov test with the SPSS program showed a result of 0.079 greater than the p (sig) value of > 0.05, so it can be concluded that the data are normally distributed.
2. Multicollinearity Test
The multicollinearity test using the SPSS program showed that all tolerance values were greater than the specified default value of 0.10. As for the VIF value, it shows below 10. So it can be concluded that all variables have met the requirements of the tolerance threshold and VIF value, meaning that no multicollinearity occurs.
3. Heterokedasticity Test
The heterokedasticity test with the Glejser test using the SPSS program obtained the result of the coefficient value of each independent variable is insignificant (p>0.05) against residual, so it can be concluded that the data do not have heterokedasticity problems.
4. Autocorrelation Test
The Autocorrelation Test using the Run Test with the SPSS 20 program obtained an Asymp. Significance value of 0.841 > 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is no autocorrelation in the data.
c. Multiple Linier Regression Test
Table 2. SPSS Regression Output Results
Variable b t count Sig
Konstanta 7,260 -8,677 0,000
Reliability 0,026 2,385 0,013
Responsive 0,983 9,513 0,000
Assurance 0,033 1,921 0,049
Tangibility Asset 0,989 2,154 0,000
User Experience -0,005 -0,525 0,601
R-square 0,600
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F count 33,928 0,000
F table 2,61
t table 1,68
Based on the table of the results of multiple linear regression analysis above, the following equation can be obtained:
𝑌𝑌 = 7,260 + 0,026. 𝑋𝑋1 + 0,983. 𝑋𝑋2+ 0,033. 𝑋𝑋3+ 0,989. 𝑋𝑋4− 0,005. 𝑋𝑋5
The equation above has a coefficient of determination indicated by an R-square value of 0.600, this shows that the decision of the people in Malang City in choosing transportation (conventional or online) can be explained by independent variables contained in the regression model of 60%, while 40% is explained by other factors that are not included in the study.
The results of the F test obtained a coefficient value of F-count 33.928 with a significance value of 0.000. This shows that simultaneously all independent variables have a significant effect on dependent variables, so that overalls the model is fit. The test results of the influence of independent variables on dependent variables using the t test, are described as follows:
1. Reliability
The value of the coefficient t-counts 2.358 > 1.68 and the significance value is 0.013 <
0.05. Based on this value, it can be concluded that the reliability variable has a significant effect on the decision of the people in Malang City in choosing transportation (conventional or online) during the Covid-19 pandemic. The highest value on this variable is the suitability of the price that has been set, because the customer of the service are everyday users so that they know the price for the transportation is appropriate. Online transportation is considered more efficient in terms of distance because there is a map application or location that has been provided by service providers or drivers in certain locations spread near all strategic areas (Bustami, &
Laksamana, 2019).
2. Responsiveness
The value of the coefficient t-count 9.513 > 1.68 and the significance value is 0.000 < 0.05.
Based on this value, it can be concluded that the responsive variable has a positive and significant effect on the decision of the people in Malang City in choosing transportation (conventional or online) during the Covid-19 pandemic. The highest value lies in the attributes of customer service that are quickly resolved complaints in online transportation. The good company must show their ability to handle customer complaints in order to provide a valuable experience (Abbasi, et al., 2022).
3. Assurance
The value of the coefficient t-counts 1.921 > 1.68 and the significance value is 0.049 <
0.05. Based on this value, it can be concluded that the Assurance variable has a positive and significant effect on the decision of the people in Malang City in choosing transportation (conventional or online) during the Covid-19 pandemic. The highest value in this variable is the guarantee regarding safety and health on online transportation, because the driver has received the vaccine and can be known his personal identity through the application. All driver identities are known for sure because the transportation management company is known to
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have carried out a verification process first before cooperating with transportation drivers (Pratiwi, and Rahmanto, 2022)
Figure 2. Public Transportations 4. Tangibility Asset
The value of the coefficient t-count 2.154 > 1.68 and the significance value is 0.000 < 0.05.
Based on this value, it can be concluded that the Tangible Asset variable has a positive and significant effect on the decision of the people in Malang City in choosing transportation (conventional or online) during the Covid-19 pandemic. The appearance of the driver in accordance with the health protocol is the attribute with the highest value on this variable, because consumers feel that the health protocol is important in breaking the chain of spread of Covid-19. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on online transportation is that all service providers make regulations that require all consumer and drivers to always maintain health protocols (Furqan and Nurlaili, 2022).
5. User Experience
The value of the coefficient t-count -0.525 < 1.68 and the significance value is 0.601 >
0.05. Based on this value, it can be concluded that the User Experience variable does not have a significant effect on the decision of the people in Malang City in choosing transportation (conventional or online) during the Covid-19 pandemic
4. CONCLUSIONS
The coefficient of determination in the regression model is 0.600, this shows that the decision of the people in Malang City in choosing transportation (conventional or online) during the Covid-19 pandemic can be explained by the independent variable contained in the regression model of 60%, while 40% is explained by other factors that are not included in the study. Factors that influence the decision of people in Malang City in choosing conventional or online transportation during the Covid-19 pandemic are significantly Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Tangibility Asset, while User Experience has no effect on people's decisions in choosing transportation
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