KINDS OF TRANSLATION
&
KINDS OF TEXT
KINDS OF TRANSLATION
1. Literal translation
2. Communicative/ dynamic/ idiomatic translation
3. Free translation
Literal Translation
Aku ingin berdansa denganmu
I want to dance with you
Suaramu begitu indah
Your voice is so beautiful
Ada sejumlah anak laki-laki sedang menunggu di luar There are a number of boys waiting outside
Dia tidak percaya kalau hantu itu ada He doesn’t believe that ghosts exist
Suharto telah meninggal dunia dengan tenang Suharto has peacefully passed away
Bersatu kita teguh, bercerai kita runtuh United we stand, divided we fall.
Saya tidak tahu bagaimana dengan orang lain, tapi ketika saya masih muda dan berumur 20-an, saya takut pada pernikahan.
I don’t know with other people, but when I was young and about 20’s, I was afraid of marriage.
Kami bangsa Indonesia dengan ini menyatakan kemerderkaan Indonesia.
We the people of Indonesia herewith to proclaim the independence of Indonesia
Pemindahan penduduk asli Amerika dari bagian timur Sungai Mussissipi pertama kali diusulkan Presiden Thomas Jefferson.
The relocation of the American natives from eastern Mississipi River was firstly proposed by President Thomas Jefferson.
Burung laut Artik pernah lama berada di urutan teratas sebagai burung dengan jarak migrasi terpanjang.
Artic seagulls (sea-birds) have long been on the top rank as the bird with the longest distance of migration.
Communicative/ Dynamic/ Idiomatic
(Communicative : Newmark) (Dynamic : Nida) (Idiomatic : Larsen)
Omong-omong By the way
Tidak bisa!
Nggak mungkinlah!
No way!
Yang benar saja Give me a break
Sangat baik!
Never better!
Ini hal yang sangat gampang.
It’s a piece of cage.
Awas kaca!
Glass. Don’t touch!
Fragile!
Ayo, ambil keputusan bung!
Tetapkan pilihanmu!
Make up your mind man!
Aquos, unmistakably Japanese Aquos, produk Jepang yang sempurna
Untuk saat ini namaku tak perlu kusebut
I don’t think I have to mention my name right know.
My name is not important right now.
Pamannya adalah warga banteng His uncle is the member of PDIP
COMPARING LITERAL TRANSLATION WITH COMMUNICATIVE-DYNAMIC-IDIOMATIC
• When do we use literal translation?
• When do we use communicative or dynamic translation?
When literal translation is strongly suggested.
You are what you read.
Kamu adalah apa yang kamu baca.
(literal)
Apa yang kamu baca itu akan menunjukkan siapa dirimu sebenarnya.
(communicative)
When communicative & dynamic translation is strongly suggested and highly recommended
It’s a piece of cage Ini sepotong kue
Ini hal yang sangat gampang
Awas kaca!
Beware of glass!
Glass. Don’t touch!
Dia masih kosong She’s still empty She has no boyfriend
Aquos, unmistakably Japanese
Aquos, produk Jepang yang tak bisa salah.
Aquos, produk Jepang yang sempurna
Untuk saat ini namaku tak perlu kusebut For this time my name is not necessary to mention I don’t think I have to mention my name right know
My name is not important right now.
Pamanya adalah anggota banteng His uncle is the member of buffalo
His uncle is the member of PDIP
“It is not easy to consistently translate idiomatically. A translator may express some parts of his translation (words, phrases, clauses, sentences)
in very natural forms (idiomatic, dynamic, communicative), and then in other parts fall back into a literal form”
(Larsen, 1984: 17)
(Italic letter is addition)
Sentence 1 Sentence 2
Sentence 3 Sentence 4
Sentence 5
(Sentence 1)
translated by literal translation
(Sentence 2)
translated by communicative/ dyn/ idio (sentence 3)
translated by literal
(Sentence 5)
Translated by communicative/ dynamic/ idiomatic (Sentence 4) translated by literal
