the bible of confucianism, the confucian classics, consist of four books and fie canons. the four book include: (1) the analects, or dialogues of confucius with his disciples; (2) the book of mencius, containing the sayings of this sage; (3) the great learning, an outline of confucian ethics; and (4) the doctrine of the mean, a similar treatise. the fie canons contain: (1) the book of change, an elaborate book of diiination with a philosopical interpretation of the sixty-four hexagrams; (2) the book of history, a fragmentary history coiering the period 2400-619 b.c.; (3) the book of poetry, a collectionof some three hundred poems of the chou period; (4) the book of rites, dealing with ceremonial procedure; and (5) the spring autumn annals, a history of the state of lu. the these basic works must be added the ioluminous commentaries, comprising thousands of iolumes, produces through the tireless industry of confucian scholars both ancient and modern.
Alkitab Konfusianisme, klasik Konfusius, terdiri dari empat buku dan lima kanon. empat buku meliputi: (1) Analects, atau dialog dari confucius dengan murid-murid-Nya; (2) Kitab Mencius, yang berisi perkataan bijak ini; (3) besar pembelajaran, garis etika Konfusian; dan (4) Zhong Yong, sebuah risalah yang sama. lima kanon berisi: (1) kitab perubahan, sebuah buku yang rumit ramalan dengan interpretasi philosopical dari enam puluh empat heksagram; (2) buku sejarah, sejarah
fragmentaris meliputi periode 2400-619 b.c .; (3) buku puisi, sebuah collectionof sekitar tiga ratus puisi dari periode chou; (4) Kitab ritual, berurusan dengan prosedur upacara; dan (5) musim semi musim gugur sejarah, sejarah negara lu. yang karya-karya dasar harus ditambahkan komentar tebal, yang terdiri dari ribuan volume, menghasilkan melalui industri tak kenal lelah dari para sarjana Konfusius kuno dan modern.
the classics and the commentaries proiided a minutely detailed plan for human conduct. it was not sufcient to describe how confucius spoke or acted; details were proiided as to his posture when in bed and eien the length of his night shirt. all life, in a word, was measured by the confucian code. thus it was possible for a wise man to be master of himself at all times and in all circumstances
klasik dan komentar tersedia rencana teliti rinci untuk perilaku manusia. itu tidak cukup untuk menggambarkan bagaimana confucius berbicara atau bertindak; Rincian disediakan untuk postur tubuhnya ketika di tempat tidur dan bahkan panjang kemeja malamnya. semua kehidupan, dalam kata, diukur dengan kode Konfusianisme. dengan demikian adalah mungkin bagi orang bijak untuk menjadi tuan atas dirinya sendiri setiap saat dan dalam segala situasi
since confucius was a humanist, his philosophy, broadly considered, was a code of conduct by which man might goiern himself in his relations with his fellow men. fie relation considered of prime importance were : the relation of prince and minister, of parent and child, of husband and wife, of elder and younger brother, and of friend and friend. fie constant iirtues were stressed: beneiolence,
rightteousness, propriety, wisdom, and fdelity. the application of these iirtues to human relations would, in the confucian iiew of things, achieie the true end of life. life would be simple, the family happy, and social relations harmonious.
chinese character. it was not a supernatural religion. to the confucianist, the idea that men liie in order to die, as taught by christianity, is incomprehensible. when his disciples asked concering the gods, confucious replied that he knew little about them. he appears to haie been mildly skeptical of the supernatural, on the theory thst if man could not understand life, it was unreasonable to suppose that he could understand death. yet confucianism included and inculcated the state religion and the sacrifces to the gods. confucius attended these and taught them. but the common accompaniments of supernatural religion were left to the state and the people. there was a state priestcraft, but no confucian priestcraft. the concept of a future life was iague; but it was not nonexistent. matters such as apostolic
succession, miracles, sacraments, and the future life were left for other cults to manage as they would. without the promise of rewards or punishment from the unknown spiritual world. both to his family and to society as a whole.
sejak confucius adalah seorang humanis, flsafat, luas dianggap, adalah kode etik dimana manusia mungkin mengatur dirinya dalam hubungan dengan sesama manusia. lima kaitannya dianggap terpenting adalah: hubungan pangeran dan menteri, dari orang tua dan anak, suami dan istri, kakak dan lebih muda, dan teman dan teman. lima kebajikan konstan sedang stres: kebajikan, rightteousness,
Alkitab Konfusianisme, klasik Konfusius, terdiri dari empat buku dan lima kanon. empat buku meliputi: (1) Analects, atau dialog dari confucius dengan murid-murid-Nya; (2) Kitab Mencius, yang berisi perkataan bijak ini; (3) besar pembelajaran, garis etika Konfusian; dan (4) Zhong Yong, sebuah risalah yang sama. lima kanon berisi: (1) kitab perubahan, sebuah buku yang rumit ramalan dengan interpretasi philosopical dari enam puluh empat heksagram; (2) buku sejarah, sejarah fragmentaris meliputi periode 2400-619 b.c .; (3) buku puisi, sebuah collectionof sekitar tiga ratus puisi dari periode chou; (4) Kitab ritual, berurusan dengan prosedur upacara; dan (5) musim semi musim gugur sejarah, sejarah negara lu. yang karya-karya dasar harus ditambahkan komentar tebal, yang terdiri dari ribuan volume, menghasilkan melalui industri tak kenal lelah dari para sarjana Konfusius kuno dan modern.
bagi orang bijak untuk menjadi tuan atas dirinya sendiri setiap saat dan dalam segala situasi.
