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BIODEGRADASI PLASTIK (LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE) MENGGUNAKAN JAMUR DARI TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR (TPA)
ABSTRAK
Penggunaan plastik berjenis low density polyethylene (LDPE) terus meningkat setiap tahun. Plastik sangat sulit terdegradasi secara alami sehingga menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan dan terancamnya ekosistem. Upaya untuk mendapatkan isolat jamur potensial dalam mendegradasi plastik telah dilakukan. Jamur diisolasi dari TPA Namo Bintang, Medan Tuntungan dan diperoleh dua isolat jamur, yaitu RH03 dan RH06 berdasarkan respon pertumbuhannya pada Mineral Salt Medium Brooth (MSMB) yang mengandung serbuk LDPE. Berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi, kedua isolat jamur diduga sebagai Aspergillus sp. Uji kemampuan mendegradasi lembaran LDPE selama 45 hari menunjukkan isolat RH03 dan RH06 mampu menurunkan bobot LDPE masing-masing sebesar 5,13% dan 6,63% dan daya tarik (tensile strength) menurun hingga 58% dan 40%. Fotomikrograf SEM setelah perlakuan menunjukkan perubahan pada permukaan lembaran LDPE yang menjadi kasar, terbentuknya lekukan-lekukan, dan adanya spora jamur pada permukaan LDPE.
Kata kunci: biodegradasi, low density polyethylene (LDPE), jamur, Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA)
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BIODEGRADATION OF PLASTIC (LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE) BY FUNGUS FROM MUNICIPAL DUMP SITE
ABSTRACT
The use of plastic low density polyethylene (LDPE) has been increasing every year. Plastic is naturally recalcitrant causing environmental pollution and endangers the ecosystems. An effort to get fungal isolate which are potential to degrade plastic has been conducted. Fungi were isolated from Namo Bintang dump site at Medan Tuntungan. It was obtained two fungal isolates RH03 and RH06 based on their ability to grow on Mineral Salt Medium Brooth (MSMB) containing of LDPE powder. Based on morphological characteristic, two fungal isolate were assumed as Aspergillus sp. The ability test to degrade LDPE sheets for 45 days showed RH03 and RH06 were able to reduce the weight of LDPE by 5,13% and 6,63% and tensile strength reduced up to 58% and 40%. SEM photomicrograph of LDPE showed surface changes into rough, groove, and some fungal spore were noticed.
Keywords: biodegradation, low density polyethylene (LDPE), fungi, municipal dump site
