THE ANALYSIS OF DISELUENCY FEA TURES : HESITATION AAND REPETITION; A STUDY IN UNNES (UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG) ENGLISH DEBATE SOCIETY - Unika Repository

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THE ANALYSIS OF DISFLUENCY FEATURES:

HESITATION AND REPETITION;

A STUDY IN UNNES (Universitas Negeri Semarang)

ENGLISH DEBATE SOCIETY

A THESIS

By

CHRISTIANA DESI S Student number: 02.80.0004

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME

FACULTY OF LETTERS

SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY

SEM ARANG

2 0 0 6

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THE ANALYSIS OF DISFLUENCY FEATURES:

A Thesis Presented As a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement to

Obtain the Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Letters Study Programme

By

CHRISTIANA DESI S Student number: 02.80.0004

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME

FACULTY OF LETTERS

SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY

S EM ARAN G

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A THESIS ON

THE ANALYSIS OF DISFLUENCY FEATURES

By

CHRISTIANA DESI S Student number: 02.80.0004

Approved by:

Heny Hartono, SS., M.Pd November 02th, 2006 Major Sponsor

Emilia Ninik Aydawati, SP., M.Hum November 02th, 2006 Co-Sponsor

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A thesis defended in front of the board of Examiners on November 02th, 2006 and declared acceptable

BOARD OF EXAMINERS

Chair Person : Heny Hartono, SS., M.Pd ………

Secretary : Emilia Ninik Aydawati, SP., M.Hum ………

Member : Drs. Antonius Suratno, MA ………

Semarang, November 02th, 2006

(English Letters Study Programme)

Faculty of Letters

Soegijapranata Catholic University

Dean,

Heny Hartono, SS., M.Pd 058.1.1998.221

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Proudly dedicated to:

My Almighty and Awesome God, Jesus Christ

My beloved parents, Pdt. Sudarno, S.Th and

Lusiana S

My lovely sister, Priska Debby S

And all of my best friends

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ΙΙ ν

ν Χ

Χη

ηρ

ριι σ

στ

τ Α

Αλο

λον

νεε

In Christ alone my hope is found He is my light, my strength, my song This Cornerstone, this solid ground

Firm through the fiercest drought and storm What heights of love, what depths of peace When fears are stilled, when strivings cease My Comforter, My All in All

Here in the love of Christ I stand

In Christ alone, who took on flesh Fullness of God in helpless babe This gift of love and righteousness Scorned by the ones He came to save ‘Til on that cross as Jesus died The wrath of God was satisfied For every sin on Him was laid Here in the death of Christ I live

There in the ground His body lay Light of the world by darkness slain Then bursting forth in glorious Day Up from the grave He rose again And as He stands in victory Sin’s curse has lost its grip on me Fir I am His and He is mine

Bought with the precious blood of Christ

No guilt in life, no fear in death This is the power of Christ in me From life’s first cry to final breath Jesus commands my destiny No power of hell, no scheme of man Can ever pluck me from His hand ‘til He returns or calls me home Here in the power of Christ I’ll stand

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“Though the fig tree may not blossom, nor fruit

be on the vines; though the labor of the olive

may fail, and the fields yield no food; though

the flock may be cut off from the fold, and there

be no herd in the stalls”

“Yet I will rejoice in the Lord, I will joy the

God of my salvation”

“The Lord God is my strength; He will make my

feet like deer’s feet, and He will make me walk

on my high hills”

Habakkuk 3 : 17-19

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In finishing this thesis, I faced many difficulties that made me down and

doubtful of how this thesis would come to an end. However, with supports and

guidance from many people as follow, I managed to comprehend with those

difficulties and able to finish this thesis.

First of all, I would like to thank and praise my awesome God; my Savior

and my Friend, truly Friend, JESUS CHRIST for the greatest love and for guiding me to finish this thesis. You always give me strengths and hopes. I am

lost without You.

To my Lovely Family: Mom and Dad. Thank you for your attention,

patience, and prayers. “Finally, I graduated Mom, Dad...! I did it...!!” I hope you

will be happy and proud of me. My sister, thank you so much. Thanks for your

care, love, and understanding.

To my sponsors, Heny Hartono, SS., M.Pd and Emilia Ninik Aydawati,

SP., M.Hum, thank you so much for both of you who never runs out of new idea

for my thesis. Thank you for helping me and giving me support to finish this

thesis. And also thank you for your time and for being patient in correcting this

thesis.

To all the lectures of the Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic

University, thanks for teaching me many things so that I got many experiences

and knowledge. I also thank to this Faculty for being my shelter for this last four

years. Thanks for everything. “Long Live Sastra!!”

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To all of my friends in Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic

University, Reny “Lorenk”, tell to your computer that I said thanks a lot for being

my “hero” when my computer fought brontok and lativa. For Nina, Rosita,

Happy, Sepsy, Hilda, Erna and all the 2002 community, thank you for the support.

I love y’all!! Also to Reza, Hendi, and Noris, thank you for your help.

To all teachers and staffs in CLT who allow me to be a teacher and

assistant for almost a year and a half. It really gives me a lot of experiences.

To Mbak Katie in Bandung, Pak Dave and Bu Michelle in Virginia, Agnes

in Bandung, Dina “Butet” in Surabaya, etc, and also to all of the member and the

youth of Puspowarno Baptist Church, thank you for praying me and supporting

me. Thanks for our friendship in Jesus. “Let’s keep our spirit to serve in Him”. To

El, thanks a lot for being my best friend who always accompany me to pray

together. I need your patience to await me. “He makes all things beautiful in His

perfect time”.

To my H 6993 QY, thanks for the ride. Wherever I go, in rain and heat,

you always accompany me. I’m sorry of being a bad rider. We still have a lot of

works to do. Let’s do it all together!

Last but not least, thanks for all of the people and friends that I cannot

mention one by one. And I hope that this research will be useful for further

research and give many advantages.

Christiana Desi S

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TABLE OF CONTENT

PAGE OF TITLE ………....…..… i

PAGE OF APPROVAL ………..……..… ii

MOTTO ………...……....……....…...… iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ………..………..…..… vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ………...… ix

ABSTRACT ………...………...………… xi

ABSTRAK ………..….….……..……….… xii

CHAPTER I. INTODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Study 1.2. Scope of the Study 1.3. Problem Formulation 1.4. Objectives of the Study 1.5. Significance of the Study 1.6. Definition of Terms

CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Hesitation

2.1.1. Silent Pauses 2.1.2. Filled Pauses 2.2. Repetition

2.2.1. Production 2.2.2. Comprehension 2.2.3. Connection 2.2.4. Interaction

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Data Collection 3.1.1. Participants 3.1.2. Instruments

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3.1.3. Research Procedure 3.2. Data Analysis

3.2.1 Transcribing the Data

3.2.2 Analysis and Interpretation on Disfluency Features: Hesitation and Repetition

CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1. Kinds of Disfluency Features in Unnes (Universitas Negeri Semarang) English Debate Society

4.1.1. Hesitation

4.1.1.1. Silent Pauses 4.1.1.2. Filled Pauses 4.1.2. Repetition

4.1.2.1. Production 4.1.2.2. Comprehension 4.1.2.3. Connection

4.2. The Appearance of the Disfluency Features That Occur in Unnes

(Universitas Negeri Semarang) English Debate Society

4.3. The Occurrence of the Disfluency Features in Unnes (Universitas Negeri Semarang) English Debate Society

4.3.1 The occurrence of Disfluency Features Among the Silent Pauses

4.3.2 The occurrence of Disfluency Features Among the Filled Pauses

4.3.3 The occurrence of Disfluency Features Among the Repetitions

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1. Conclusion 5.2. Suggestion BIBLIOGRAPHY APENDICES

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ABSTRACT

Disfluency Features, such as hesitation and repetition, are features that cannot be avoided by people. It can happen every time and everywhere. In conversation, in a dialogue, or in monologue, hesitation and repetition always occur. This thesis investigates the disfluency features in UNNES (Universitas Negeri Semarang)

English Debate Society. There are six speakers in this debate society. The system in this debate is like monologue. Each speaker has his or her time to speak up their mind. It is interesting to analyze the disfluency features that occur when they speak.

The purpose of this study is to find out what kind of the disfluency features occur in UNNES (Universitas Negeri Semarang) English debate society, how often the disfluency occurs, and when the disfluency features occur.

Hesitation and repetition were found in this debate. Hesitation consists of silent pauses and filled pauses, while repetition has function as production, comprehension, and connection.

There were six speakers who joined in the debate. To collect the data from the speakers, the writer used tape recorder to record when speaker perform their speech. In this research, the writer used qualitative method. The analysis is based on the theory about hesitation and repetition as kinds of disfluency features proposed by Richard and Schmidt (1985:388) and Tannen (1989:48).

The results show that there were basically three different types of disfluency features: silent pauses, filled pauses, and repetition. Each speaker has his or her own way to produce kinds of disfluency feature. The most disfluency features that occurred in this debate are repetition, occurring 376 times or 59.41%. Filled pauses occurred 241 times or 38.07% and silent pauses occurred for times or 2.52% from the 633 times total disfluency features.

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ABSTRAK

Disfluency Features, seperti keragu-raguan dan pengulangan, adalah suatu hal yang tidak bisa dihindari oleh orang-orang. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi kapan pun dan di manapun. Di dalam percakapan, di dalam suatu dialog, ataupun dalam suatu monolog, keragu-raguan dan pengulangan selalu terjadi. Skripsi ini meneliti disfluency features yang terjadi di English Debate Society Fakultas Bahasa Inggris UNNES (Negeri Universitas Semarang). Dalam debat ini ada enam pembicara. Sistem yang digunakan dalam debat ini adalah seperti monolog. Masing-masing pembicara diberi kesempatan untuk bicara atau beropini mengenai apa yang mereka pikirkan. Adalah menarik untuk meneliti disfluency features yang terjadi ketika mereka berbicara.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan jenis disfluency features apa yang terjadi di English Debate Society Fakultas Bahasa Inggris UNNES (Negeri Universitas Semarang), seberapa sering disfluency feature tersebut terjadi, dan ketika kapan disfluency features tersebut terjadi.

Keragu-raguan dan pengulangan ditemukan debat ini. Keragu-raguan terdiri dari sela diam dan sela isi, sedang pengulangan berfungsi sebagai produksi, pemahaman, dan koneksi.

Ada enam pembicara yang bergabung dalam debat tersebut. Untuk mengumpulkan data dari para pembicara, penulis menggunakan alat perekam untuk merekam ketika pembicara berpendapat atau beropini. Di dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metoda kwalitatif. Analisa didasarkan pada teori tentang keragu-raguan dan pengulangan sebagai macam dari disfluency features yang ditulis oleh Richard dan Schmidt ( 1985:388) dan Tannen ( 1989:48).

Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada dasarnya ada tiga jenis disfluency features yang berbeda : sela diam, sela yang diisi, dan pengulangan. Masing-masing pembicara mempunyai cara mereka sendiri untuk menghasilkan macam disfluency features. Kebanyakan disfluency features yang terjadi debat ini adalah pengulangan, terjadi 376 kali atau 59.41%. Sela yang diisi terjadi 241 kali atau 38.07% dan sela diam terjadi untuk 16 kali atau 2.52% dari yang 633 kali total disfluency features yang terjadi.