MAGGIES’S EFFORTS TO LEAD HER ORGANIZATION
TO TAKE DOWN BARON BELL AS SEEN IN FERN
MICHAELS’
DEADLY DEALS
A THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain theSarjana PendidikanDegree
in English Language Education
By
Thomas Hendarto Student Number: 051214044
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA
i
MAGGIES’S EFFORTS TO LEAD HER ORGANIZATION
TO TAKE DOWN BARON BELL AS SEEN IN FERN
MICHAELS’
DEADLY DEALS
A THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain theSarjana PendidikanDegree
in English Language Education
By
Thomas Hendarto Student Number: 051214044
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA
vi
this thesis is dedicated to Yosaphat Adianto
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank Jesus Christ for His never ending
blessing, guidance, and love. I realize that I am nothing without Him. This thesis,
however, would never be accomplished without His light. I thank Him also for
giving me those people who always give me love and support. Therefore, I would
like to give them my gratitude.
I would like to express my gratitude to my sponsor Drs. L. Bambang
Hendarto Y., M.Hum., for his guidance, advice, and assistance in accomplishing
this thesis. I do appreciate him for his consultation moments from the very
beginning of this thesis until the completion. My gratitude also goes to all the
lectures and staffs of English Education Study Program, especially mbak Danik
andmbakTari for their help during my study at Sanata Dharma University.
I also dedicate my deepest gratitude to my parents Heribertus Diyoko and
Agnes Marsini for the love they have given to me in every single day even before
my first breath on the earth. I also would like to thank my sister Hermiyati (in
memoriam), my brother Adianto (in memoriam), my little brother Rio, and my
girlfriend Friska for accompanying me and becoming my motivation.
My next thankfulness goes to Leo and Ebo, who help me accomplish this
study. I thank them for their corrections, suggestions, and comments. Their help
viii
Further, I really appreciate all my friends in PBI, especially Topx,
Fandi/Bobbi, Nova, Shodiq, Taju, Nancy, Mega, Ardi, Bajenk, Sari, and Lexy
who have shared wonderful moments together. It was great to spend the years
with them.
My next great gratitude goes to my rock n roll friends, Angga, Octa,
Pethok, Mbah Mc, Bekti, Getek, Ambon, Haris, Nanang, Antok, Igun, Emy, and
Ipung. All of them have given me a special meaning in my life. I also devote my
special thank to my best friends, Momok and Dicha, who have never been tired to
support me.
My words are never enough to express my appreciation to all my friends.
All of them have given unforgettable moments in my life. I do appreciate them for
everything and this page would never be enough to mention them one by one.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ... i
APPROVAL PAGES ... ii
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ... iv
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH... v
DEDICATION PAGE... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS... ix
ABSTRACT... xiii
ABSTRAK... xiv
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION... 1
1.1 Background of the Study... 1
1.2 Problem Formulation... 5
1.3 Objectives of the Study ... 5
1.4 Benefits of the Study ... 5
1.5 Definition of Terms ... 6
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE... 8
2.1 Review of Literary Theories... 8
2.1.1 Organization ... 8
2.1.2 Work Groups ... 10
2.1.3 Leader ... 12
2.1.4 Leadership... 14
2.2 Critical Approach ... 17
2.3 Review of American Modern Social Life ... 18
2.3.1 Society in American Modern Social Life ... 18
2.3.2 American Culture... 19
2.3.3 Mass Media in United States’ Modern Era... 20
2.3.4 Adoption in the United States... 20
2.3.5 Baby-Brokering in the United States... 21
2.3.5.1 A Consideration between Sell or Save the Baby ... 22
2.3.5.2 A Consideration between a Social or Business practice ... 22
2.3.5.3 A Consideration between a Rightful Parent or Higher Bidder ... 22
2.4 Theoretical Framework ... 23
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY... 25
3.1 Object of the Study... 25
3.2 Approach of the Study... 26
3.3 Method of the Study ... 26
CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYSIS... 29
4.1Description of Maggie’s Organization ... 29
4.1.1 Maggie’s Organization ... 29
4.1.2 Type of Maggie’s Organization... 30
4.1.3 The Group within Maggie’s Organization... 32
4.1.3.1 A Command Group... 32
4.1.3.2 A Task Force... 33
4.1.3.4 A Self Manage Work Team ... 35
4.2 Maggie’s Efforts as the Leader of the Organization to Take Down Baron Bell... 37
4.2.1 Maggie as the Leader of the Organization... 38
4.2.1.1 The Ability to Use Power Effectively... 38
4.2.1.2 The Ability to Comprehend ... 39
4.2.1.3 The Ability to Inspire... 40
4.2.1.4 Leadership Style... 41
4.2.2 Maggie’s Efforts to Take Down Baron Bell... 42
4.2.2.1 Strategy Formulation ... 43
4.2.2.2 Strategy Implementation... 44
4.2.2.2.1 Basing Knowledge ... 44
4.2.2.2.2 Revealing Baron Bell’s Crime in Mass Media ... 47
4.2.2.2.3 Cracking Adel Newsom’s House... 48
4.2.2.2.4 Cracking Baron Bell’s Safe ... 49
4.2.2.2.5 Kidnapping Baron Bell, Adel Newsom, Donna Davis, and Joan Olsen... 50
4.2.2.6 Returning the Babies to the Parents ... 50
4.2.2.3 Strategy Evaluation... 51
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS... 54
5.1 Conclusions ... 54
5.2 Suggestions... 56
5.2.2 Suggestion for Teaching Learning Activities Using Literary Work... 56
REFERENCES... 59
APPENDICES... 61
Appendix 1 Cover of Fern Michaels’Deadly Deals... 62
Appendix 2 Summary of Fern Michaels’Deadly Deals... 63
Appendix 3 The Author’s Biography... 65
Appendix 4 Fern Michaels’ Works ... 67
Appendix 5 Lesson Plan ... 69
xiii ABSTRACT
Hendarto, Thomas. 2011. Maggie’s Efforts to Lead her Organization to Take Down Baron Bell as seen in Fern Michaels’ Deadly Deals. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.
This study analyses a novel written by Fern Michaels entitled Deadly Deals. This novel is worth analyzing since it tells about the efforts of an organization to help powerless parents who are cheated by a powerful attorney in Washington DC, Baron Bell. Rachel Dawson, one of Baron Bell’s ex-clients for an adoption, visits Quinn Law Firm after several lawyers in the district refuse to defend her right. The Quinn Law Firm’s manager appoints Elizabeth Fox as Rachel Dawson’s new attorney. Since Elizabeth Fox realizes that Baron Bell is too powerful, she asks Maggie for help. In response to Elizabeth Fox’s request, Maggie leads her organization to take down Baron Bell.
The goals of this study are to analyze Maggie’s organization and the work groups within the organization and Maggie’s efforts to take down Baron Bell. To attain the goals, this study focuses on two questions, namely: (1) how is Maggie’s organization in Fern Michaels’ Deadly Deals described? And (2) how does Maggie lead the organization to take down Baron Bell?
Library study was employed in this study, in which the primary source was obtained from the novel itself. While the secondary sources were taken from books related to organization, leadership, strategic management, and socio-cultural historical approach. The internet sources were used as supportive data for this analysis.
Based on the analysis, Maggie’s organization is categorized as a non-profit organization because the organizational purpose is to direct the effort toward generating some kinds of social impact. In this case, Maggie’s organization helps powerless parents who are cheated by Baron Bell. Further, Maggie is a good leader. Beside Maggie has the four attributes of an effective leader, Maggie also successfully leads the organization to take down Baron Bell.
xiv ABSTRAK
Hendarto, Thomas. 2011. Maggie’s Efforts to Lead her Organization to Take Down Baron Bell as seen in Fern Michaels’ Deadly Deals. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Skripsi ini menganalisa sebuah novel karya Fern Michaels yang berjudul Deadly Deals. Novel ini bermanfaat untuk dianalisa karena menggambarkan usaha sebuah organisasi dalam membantu orang tua asuh yang tidak berdaya setelah ditipu oleh seorang pengacara ternama di Washington DC yang bernama Baron Bell. Rachel Dawson, salah satu mantan klien Baron Bell, mengunjungi firma hukum Quinn setelah beberapa pengacara di Washington menolak untuk membela haknya. Pemimpin firma hukum Quinn menunjuk Elizabeth Fox sebagai pengacara baru Rachel Dawson. Karena Elizabeth Fox menyadari bahwa Baron Bell terlalu kuat, dia meminta bantuan Maggie. Sebagai tanggapan dari permintaan Elizabeth Fox, Maggie memimpin organisasinya untuk mengalahkan Baron Bell.
Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah untuk menganalisa organisasi yang dipimpin oleh Maggie beserta kelompok kerja didalamnya dan usaha-usaha Maggie dalam memimpin organisasinya untuk mengalahkan Baron Bell. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, skripsi ini fokus pada dua pertanyaan, (1) bagaimana organisasi yang dipimpin oleh Maggie dalam buku Fern Michaels yang berjudul Deadly Deals digambarkan? (2) bagaimana usaha Maggie dalam memimpin organisasinya untuk mengalahkan Baron Bell?
Penelitian perpustakaan diterapkan dalam skripsi ini, dengan sumber utamanya adalah novel itu sendiri. Sedangkan sumber-sumber tambahan diperoleh dari buku-buku yang berhubungan dengan organisasi, kepemimpinan, manajemen strategi, dan pendekatan sejarah sosial-budaya. Sumber-sumber dari internet juga digunakan sebagai data pendukung analisa.
Berdasarkan analisa, organisasi yang dipimpin oleh Maggie dikategorikan sebagai organisasi sosial karena tujuan organisasi ini adalah mengerahkan usaha-usahanya untuk memberikan pengaruh sosial. Didalam kasus ini, Organisasi yang dipimpin oleh Maggie bertujuan untuk membantu orang tua asuh yang tidak berdaya setelah ditipu oleh Baron Bell. Lebih lanjut, Maggie adalah seorang pemimpin yang baik. Selain memiliki empat karakter dari pemimpin yang efektif, Maggie juga dengan sukses memimpin organisasinya untuk mengalahkan Baron Bell.
1
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
This chapter consists of five parts. The first part is background of the
study. The background of the study discusses the reasons for conducting this
study. The second part is problem formulation. The problem formulation contains
two questions to discuss in the following chapters. The third part is objectives of
the study. This part explains the goals of the study. The fourth part is benefits of
the study. This section presents the benefits of this study for some groups of
people. The last part is definition of terms. This section provides the definition
of some important terms related to this study.
1.1 Background of the Study
Reading literary work gives pleasure and experience for readers. However,
reading literary work more than once helps readers to understand the author’s
purpose(s). Understanding the author’s purpose(s) means that readers are successful
in reading the literary work. Furthermore, conducting a study of a literary work is
needed to get deeper understanding. There are two common questions which always
emerge related to a study of literary work. The first one is “why do we have to
analyze everything?”, while “why can't we just enjoy the books we read in
English?” is considered as second common question.
According to Lund (1), there are three answers of those questions. First,
talking about an experience, actual or vicarious, is one way of increasing
enjoyment. Second, sometimes talking about an experience involves recreating it
analysis increases awareness and understanding. It is part of the maturation
process.
This study, therefore, meant to increase enjoyment, analysis, and maturation
process by conducting a study of a novel. The subject chosen of this study is Fern
Michaels’Deadly Deals. This novel deals with payback of Maggie’s organization to
take down a powerful evil attorney, namely Baron Bell. Fern Michaels’Deadly Deals
covers three points above. The first point is increasing enjoyment. The story line of
this novel is told by the author in daily language and is a portrayal of human life. This
condition creates an interesting atmosphere. The second point is analysis. In order to
get better understanding of Fern Michaels’ Deadly Deals, conducting an analysis is
necessary. Moreover, the intrinsic elements of the novel such as organization, work
groups, and method stimulate the writer to conduct this study. The third point is
maturation process. The benefit of conduct analysis increases awareness and
understanding.
Fern Michaels’Deadly Dealsis a portrayal of human life. The main story of
this novel is the efforts of Maggie’s organization to take down a higher power enemy,
namely Baron Bell. Baron Bell will be punished by Maggie’s organization because of
his crime. Baron Bell does some babies brokering. Baron Bell is known as an
influential attorney in Washington DC. Baron Bell also has the access to White
House and has good relationship with several former presidents of United States of
America.
The story starts when Baron Bell arranges an adoption of a child for the
to pay one hundred thousand dollar. Baron Bell arranges a sperm donation to a
surrogate mother, Donna Davis. Donna Davis gives birth to twin babies. The
delivering of the second baby is not expected because the second baby never shown
up on the ultrasound check. Several times later, the Dawsons get a letter from Donna
Davis’ lawyer, Adel Newsom. The letter says that Donna Davis demands for more
money for the second child. And if the Dawsons cannot afford the money, she will
take the twins. The Dawsons cannot afford her claim, therefore Donna Davis gets the
twins back.
In a contract agreement is written that Baron Bell only takes part until the
surrogate mother gives birth to a baby. Any future legal problems would have to be
dealt by another lawyer. Thus, Baron Bell refuses to help the Dawsons when Donna
Davis demands for more money for the second child.
Hopeless with the situation, Rachel Dawson comes to Quinn Law Firm. The
firm manager points Elizabeth Fox to defend the Dawsons. Elizabeth Fox is also the
member of Maggie’s organization. Since Elizabeth Fox realizes that she cannot win
over Baron Bell on her own, Elizabeth Fox asks Maggie for help.
Maggie leads the organization to take down Barron Bell. Maggie organizes
the members of the group to work effectively and efficiently. Basically, the members
of the organization already divide into some divisions which make easier for Maggie
to manage.
The novel is interesting to discuss because the work of Maggie’s organization
shows the effectiveness and efficiency toward a goal. The togetherness of each group,
the group members stimulates the members to work better to support the organization
goal.
In human life, people are using the benefits of organization to achieve a goal.
Based on the benefit of organization, human cannot be separate with organization.
Hodge and Anthony (6) state that we truly live in a world of organizations today.
Literally, every aspect of our daily activities is affected in some way by organizations.
We work in organization, play in organizations, and live in one of the oldest form of
organization, the family.
Organizations can be thought of as social systems of cooperation that are
design to enhance individual effort aimed at goal accomplishment. In order to
continue to refine and improve organizational activity, management must develop an
explanation of how organizations form, function, and survive. An organization is
made up of several parts, the human element, the physical element, the work element,
and the coordination element. (Hodge and Anthony, 7)
According to Daft, organizations can be differentiate into two, for-profit
businesses and nonprofit organizations. The basic distinction of organizations is the
goals of those two types of organizations. For-profit business is organization that set
their goals to earn money or profit for company. The activities and the main purpose
is earning money. While non-profit organization directs their efforts toward
generating some kind of social impact. Furthermore, Daft states that both for-profit
businesses and non-profit organizations are important in human life. Organizations
become central to people lives and today they exert a tremendous influence in our
This thesis deals with the importance of an organization and a strategic
management toward a goal. Working as a group will enhance the opportunity to
accomplish the goal. Yet for more complicated goal and more people involved,
building an organization is necessary. A strategic management is needed to build an
effective and efficient organization. Therefore, choosing this novel as a study on
organization will give better point of view about organization and strategic
management.
1.2 Problem Formulation
Based on the background of the study, there are two problems that will be
discussed in this study.
1.2.1 How is Maggie’s organization in Fern Michaels’DeadlyDeals described?
1.2.2 How does Maggie lead the organization to take down Baron Bell?
1.3 Objectives of the Study
Based on the problem formulation above, the first objective of this study is
describing Maggie’s organization as seen in Fern Michaels’s Deadly Deals. The
second objective of this study is to find out Maggie’s effort to lead the
organization to accomplish the organization goal.
1.4 Benefits of the Study
This study gives some benefits to the writer, the readers of Fern Michaels’
Deadly Deals, the students of English Education Program, the students of
Management Program, and future researchers. For the writer and the students of
Management Program, this study gives benefits about perspective of organization.
This study also gives benefit about leadership and strategic management. For the
readers of Fern Michaels’ Deadly Deals, this study helps them to understand
Maggie’s effort to lead her organization to take down Baron Bell. For the students of
English Education Program, this study helps them to give better understanding about
organization and the group within the organization. The benefit for future researcher
is this study can be use as additional sources to analyze a novel related to
organization, leadership, and strategic management. Moreover, the strategic
management and the work groups in this study can be use by organizations to build a
competitive team.
1.5 Definition of Terms
In order to avoid misunderstanding, the writer tries to explain the
definition of terms.
1.5.1 Organization
Daft (11) states that organizations are social entities that are goal-directed.
Organizations are designed as deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems.
Organizations are linked to the external environment. An organization must cover those
three elements. In this study, the theory of organization is applied to analyze Maggie’s
organization.
1.5.2 Work Groups
According to Jennifer and Jones (311), group work can be defined as a set
of two or more people who interact with each other to achieve certain goals or
small groups. Each group has specific tasks and has responsibility for the
organization’s goal.
1.5.3 Leadership
Daft (5) defines leadership as an influence relationship among leaders and
followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes.
In this study, the theory of leadership is used to analyze Maggie’s efforts to lead
her organization to take down Baron Bell.
1.5.4 Strategic Management
According to David (5), strategic management can be defined as the art and
science of formulating, implementing, and evaluating cross-functional decisions that
enable an organization to achieve its objectives. In this study, the theory of strategic
8
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of review of literary theories, review of American modern
social life, and theoretical framework. Review of literary theories presents a review of
theories of organization, work groups, leadership, and strategic management. Theoretical
framework describes the summary of the theories to answer the problem formulation.
2.1 Review of Literary Theories
This section deals with the fundamental theories of this study. The theories are
used to analyzed the topic chosen in chapter one. Those theories are theory of
organization, theory of work groups, theory of leadership, and theory of strategic
management. The theory of organization is applied to analyze Maggie’s organization.
The theory of work groups is applied to analyze the group within Maggie’s
organization. The theory of leadership is used to analyze Maggie as the leader of the
organization. The last part is theory of strategic management which is used to analyze
Maggie’s organization to take achieve the organizational goal.
2.1.1 Organization
Daft states that there are four characteristics of an organization. First, an
organization is a social entity. The key element of an organization is not the physical
shapes such as building, set of policies or set of procedures. The gathering of people,
the interaction, and their relationship with one another are considered as the key
elements of an organization. Second, an organization is goal-directed. An organization
exists when the interaction of those people, as mention in the first characteristic of an
structured and coordinated activity systems. The leader has legitimate power from his
appointment. By this power, the leader may arrange the structure of the subordinates
and coordinate organizational resources to achieve the organizational purpose. Fourth,
an organization is connected to the external environment. An organization cannot exist
without interaction with the external environment. (Daft, 11)
Hodge and Anthony explain that the basic meaning on an organization is the
establishment of some system of structural relationships which cooperation emerges in
it. This activity is directed toward group’s goals. In short, organization is the
cooperative working of two or more people toward group’s goals. Thus, the elements of
organization are human element, physical element, work element, and coordination
element. Management is needed to run an organization. The management is meant to
build the organization form, function, and survive. (Hodge and Anthony, 7)
According to Daft (11-12), there are two types of organization. The first type is
for-profit business organization. In this type of organization, the manager directs their
activities toward earning money or profit for a company. This kind of organization is
money oriented .The second type is non-profit organization. In non-profit organization
the manager directs their effort toward generating some kinds of social impact.
Organizations are around us and shape our lives in many ways. Organizations
bring contributions and important in society. There are three importance of
organizations related to human life. The first importance of organizations is
organization enhance the opportunity to accomplish specific goals that cannot be reach
by individual. The second is organizations also produce goods and services. The third
2.1.2 Work Groups
A gathering of individuals is not always considered as a group. There are
interactions among the members in a group. The members believe that the chance to
accomplish their goal will be greater if they are working in a group. According to
George and Jones (311), a group can be defined as a set of two or more people who
interact with each other to achieve certain goals or meet certain needs.
There are many people in a group. It is an inevitable condition that each
member will have a different goal. However, each goal has something in common
which supports the main goal of the group. It means that the level of members’ goals is
lower than group’s goal. George and Jones (312) explain that a group goal is one that
all or most members of the group can agree on.
There are many types of formal work groups in an organization, and each work
group plays an important role in determining organizational effectiveness efficiency
toward the goal. George and Jones (312-314) classify work groups into formal groups
work and informal groups work. The classification of the groups’ type is based on how
the groups are set up.
The first type is formal work group. A formal work group is established in
helping organization to achieve its goals. The goals of formal work groups are
determined by the needs of organization. There are four kinds of formal work group,
namely command groups, task forces, teams, and self-managed work teams.
A command group consists of some members who report to the same leader.
The leader of this group plays his/her role as a supervisor. The communication
to the leader. The leader will then give command as a feedback. This communication is
meant to maintain the effectiveness and efficiency of the group. This type of group has
more dependent on their leader.
A task force is a gathering of some members who deal with a specific purpose.
A task force will be disbanded after the goal has been carried out. However, when a
goal or problem of long-term occurs to an organization, a task force will not be
disbanded but their membership is changed. The members are periodically changed to
offer a fresh insight about the goal or problem. The purpose of this change is to keep the
members work on their regular job.
A team is build to overcome specific problem which could not be done by
individuals who work separately or others kinds of group work. In a team, the special
abilities and experience is needed. This group shows a high level of interaction and
work together intensely to achieve a common group’s goal. Thus, a team can solve the
problem of an organization.
A self-managed work team is a team which consists of some members with
high competency. Each member is responsible not only for themselves but also for the
team. Since this group does not have any leader, each member performs leadership
tasks. Despite their equal position, the members may determine how the group should
go about achieving its goals, assigning task to tasks to individual members, disciplining
group members who are not performing a satisfactory level, coordinating efforts across
group members, and hiring and firing.
The second type is informal work group. An informal work group emerges
team will help them to achieve their goals or meet their needs. There are two
kinds of informal groups work. First is friendship group. A friendship group is a
collection of organizational members who enjoy each other’s company and
socialize with each other. Second is interest group. An interest group is an
informal work group consisting of people who come together because they have a
common goal or objective related to their organizational membership.
2.1.3 Leader
Leader is one of the most important aspects of studies of human behavior
in organization. The leader creates working environment. The success of an
organization depends on the efficiency of the leader. According to Kondalkar, the
attributes of an efficient leader are positive approach, ability to solve problems,
ability to motivate employee, and ability to control the situation. Those four
attributes may determine the success of an organization. The attributes of an
efficient leader are explained bellow. (Kondalkar, 224-226)
The first attribute is positive approach. Positive approach means a leader
has an ability to use power effectively. The author explains a leader gains power
from his appointment. This legitimate power leads a leader to gain obedience from
his subordinates. The powers used by the leader are expert power, referent power,
reward, and coercive power.
The second attribute is an ability to solve problems. An ability to solve
problems means an ability to comprehend the subordinates. The author states this
ability means that a leader has to understand the subordinates’ needs,
comprehend is also ability to explore the situation. By this ability, a leader may
have comprehensive view to accomplish the organizational goal.
The third attribute is an ability to motivate employee. An efficient leader
should have the ability to inspire his subordinates. A leader has to acknowledge
when his subordinates face hopeless situation. A leader must identify each
individual’s capabilities, and skill to inspire them. Inspiration comes from a leader
who has charm, appeal, and dedication. By having this ability, a leader can
enhance subordinates’ loyalty so that the subordinates willingly do as the leader
desire.
The fourth attribute of an efficient leader is leadership style. Leadership
style is an ability of a leader to control situation. Leadership style consists of two
actions. The first action is the ability of a leader to develop a supportive situation
among the subordinates. The second is the ability to arouse motivation among the
subordinates by designing and maintaining an environment for efficient
performance. A leader should identify the motivational needs, the subordinates’
desires, and design a plan that fulfills motivational needs and aspirations of the
subordinates. A leader must be participative. It means that a leader must face the
same problem as his subordinates, work in the same environment, and not show
the sign of tiredness.
According to Warren and Benin, managers are different with leaders. A
manager works in organized sector while a leader works in non-organized sector.
between a manager and a leader. The comparison between a manager and a leader
are explained bellow.
There are twelve characteristics of a manager. Basically, a manager works
by virtue of the work procedures. Warren and Benin state that a manager works as
an administer, a copier, a maintainer, a systems and structures controller,
short-range view, rely on control, ask how and when, eye on the bottom line, an imitate,
accept the status quo, classic, and do a thing right.
A leader has more deliberately work procedures than a manager. Warren
and Benin state that there are twelve characteristics of a leader compare to a
manager. A leader works as an innovator, an original, a developer, a people
controller, long-range view, an inspirer trust, ask what and why, eye on the
horizon, an originate, a challenger, own person, and do right things. (Warren and
Benin, 13)
2.1.4 Leadership
A leader emerges when a follower exists. An effective follower is an
independent and carries out assignment with energy and enthusiasm. An effective
follower is not only committing to the leader’s interest or the group’s goal, but
also courage to defend for what he believes. A good follower requires creativity,
therefore a good follower will not depend on the leader. The relationship between
a leader and a follower is determined by leadership.
Daft defines leadership as an influence relationship among leaders and
followers for real changes and outcomes as the reflection their share purposes.
leader and followers have intentional desire for significant changes as reflected in
their shared purposes. Influence means that the relationship among people is not
passive. However, the concept of influence in this definition is multidirectional
and non-coercive. Leadership involves creating change, not maintaining status
quo. The changes sought reflect purposes that leaders and followers share.
Moreover, change is toward a preferable outcome that leader and followers both
want. Thus, leadership involves the influence of people to bring about change
toward a desirable future. (Daft, 5-6)
2.1.5 Strategic Management
Strategic management gives benefit to an organization. The purpose of strategic
management is to develop and create new and different opportunities. By applying
strategic management, an organization may have wider opportunities to achieve the
organizational goal.
According to David (5-6), strategic management can be defined as the art and
science of formulating, implementing, and evaluating cross-functional decisions that
enable an organization to achieve its objectives. The author explains that the definition of
strategic management focuses on three main parts. The first part is planning and field
study. The second part is operations. The third part is research and development. Those
three parts are intended to achieve organizational success.
David states that there are three stages of strategic management. The first stage is
strategy formulation. The second stage is strategy implementation. The last stage is
strategy evaluation. The explanation of the three stages of strategic management is
The first stage is strategy formulation. Strategy formulation is also known as
strategic planning. The author explains that strategy formulation consists of six steps. The
first step is creating a vision and mission. The second step is analyzing an organization’s
external opportunities and threats. The third step is determining internal strengths and
weakness. The fourth step is establishing long-term objectives. The fifth step is preparing
alternative strategies. The last step is choosing particular strategies to pursue.
Since there is no organization has unlimited resources, the strategist plays an
important role to decide the most suitable tactic for the organization. Those six steps,
according to the author, are the main consideration for the strategist to choose the rightful
plan will benefit the organization most. An organization has dependency to the leader. A
good leader has the best perspective to understand the element of formulation decision.
Moreover, a good leader has the authority force the subordinates for implementation.
The second stage is strategy implementation. Strategy implementation is also
called the action of strategic management. Strategy implementation means the leader and
the subordinates applying the formulated strategies into action.
Strategy implementation is considered as the most difficult stage in strategic
management. According to the author, strategy implementation requires personal
discipline, commitment, and sacrifice. The success of strategy implementation depends
on the leader’s ability to motivate the subordinates. Strategies formulated but not
implemented is useless.
The third stage is strategy evaluation. The author states that strategy evaluation is
meant to gain the information of the strategies formulated which are not working well.
internal factors from current strategies. Second is measuring performance. Third is taking
corrective actions.
2.2 Critical Approach
Rohrberger and Woods Jr. explain that literature as one of arts which has
esthetic value. They also explain that the response to the esthetic value is called
esthetic response which is used to response the beauty of literature (3). In order to
understand the esthetic value of literature, the readers need critical approach.
Rohrberger and Woods state five kinds of critical approach (6-13).
The first critical approach is the mythopoeic approach. This approach is
used to discover recurrent patterns of human thought. The patterns are found in the
ancient myth and folk rites that influence people's thought.
The second approach is the psychological approach. This approach tries to locate
and demonstrate the recurrent human's patterns by using his imagination and creation.
In this approach, character is the element of literary work. This approach is applied to
discover the character's personality, which can be found in symbolic words, thoughts,
and actions.
The third is the formalist approach. This approach focuses on the structure of
literary work. The formalist approach concentrates almost entirely on the esthetic
values, which are concerned with the harmonious of the meaning derivation from
structure and technique in determining structure. This approach does not concern with
the facts of the author's life, the genre of the literary work, and the social milieu
The fourth approach is the biographical approach. This approach focuses on
author, the readers could collect facts about the author's personality and life. It can
help the readers to appreciate the author's literary work.
The last approach is the socio-cultural historical approach. This approach
focuses on the social, culture, and history background of literary works. It implies that the
social, culture, and history background of literary works will influence the making of
the literary works
2.3 Review of American Modern Social Life
This section reviews American modern social life, American culture, and
adoption in the United States. According to Gabrenya Jr., social class plays an
important role to classify human’s position in society. In American society, the
level of social class influences someone’s pride. The American culture explains
the influence of American culture in modern Era. The adoption in the United
States explains the statistic of child adoption in the United States.
2.3.1 Society in American Modern Social Life
According to Gabrenya Jr. the society in the United States is determined
by social class. Social class is described as a combination of wealth, educational
attainment, income, occupational prestige, and membership of social network.
Each class in United States’ society has different lifestyle, consumption pattern,
and values. The social class leads American to gain self esteem in their society.
There are three classes in the American society. The first class is the upper
middle class or the capitalist class. This class consists of highly educated and
wealthy professionals. The second is the middle class. The members of this social
working class. The lowest class is the working class or the poor. This class
consists of highly routine workers. This class is divided into the working poor and
the unemployment underclass.
Most social roles are not gender-restricted by law. It can be seen in the
year 2000 the women have entered the workplace is 46.6 %, increase 18.3 % from
1900. Even in military, women have close equality position. The notable
restriction is not placing women in direct combat. Nowadays, men also work in
feminine area such as receptionist and nursing. (Gabrenya Jr., 1-15)
2.3.2 American Culture
The American culture is a western culture. The culture is originally
influenced by European cultures. However, the culture has been developing into
unique social and cultural characteristics. The development cultures are dialect,
music, arts, social habits, cuisine, and folklore. Nowadays, America has a large
number of ethnics and races diversing as the result of immigration from many
different countries.
There are five popular cultures in United States. The most popular culture
is fashion. Cowboy hats, leather motorcycle jackets, and blue jeans are the icons
of American fashion. Second is theater. Theater of the United States is based in
the Western tradition. Third is film and television. The cinema and television are
major mass media in the United States. Fourth is music. Today, American music
can be heard all over the world. Fifth is dance. The variety of dances in the United
2.3.3 Mass Media in United States’ Modern Era
According to Elton, media is everywhere in modern society and it is
almost impossible to avoid. In his journal, Americans spend an average of
twenty-eight hours per week watching television. Americans also periodically spend their
time to read newspaper, listen to the radio, and go to the movies. Mass media have
become part of human live. Mass media also influence society, politic, economic,
and ideology. Mass media, therefore, play an important role in the way we vote,
the things we buy, the way we act, the values we hold, and the way we perceive
reality. (Elton, 1)
2.3.4 Adoption in the United States
In the last decade, domestic adoption is the most popular way for
American families to expand their family. More than seven hundred thousand
children are domestically adopted by prospective families. In Washington DC,
more than two thousand children are adopted annually.
(http://www.infoplease.com/us/statistics /total-adoptions.html)
In the United States, the adoptive parents may adopt children via public
and private agencies or independently by attorneys or facilitators. The adoption
includes both infant adoption and older child adoption. An older-children
domestic adoption costs nearly free to ten thousand dollars after the help of
federal or state subsidies. An infant adoption costs five thousand dollars to forty Year Washington National Percentage
thousand dollars or more. An infant adoption is more expensive because it is
categorized as a private adoption. The stepparents must hire attorneys of private
agencies to process the infant adoption. Moreover, infant adoption is more
complicated because it requires a variety of factors such as services provided,
travel expenses, birthmother expenses, requirements in the state, and other factors.
In the United States, adoption is also common for public figures. The
Oscar winner, Sandra Bullock, adopted a three-half-month baby from New
Orleans namely Louis Bardo Bullock. Sandra Bullock and Jesse G. James, her
ex-husband, planed the adoption four years earlier but the process finally
accomplished in January 2010. Several months later, Sandra Bullock became a
single parent after declaring her divorce with Jesse G. James.
(http://www.people.com/people/package/article.html) One of the most famous
adoptee is Steve Jobs, the co-founder and chief executive officer of Apple Inc and
also a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company. Steve Jobs
was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs in 1955 in San Francisco, California.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs.htm)
2.3.5 Baby-Brokering in the United States
Adoption in the United States is a sensitive issue, especially for infant
adoption. The adoptive parents should hire private attorneys to complete the
processes. Since all of the processes will be handled by their attorney, including
giving the compensation to the surrogate mother, the adoptive parents are asked to
parents refuse to publish their identity when they adopt a child. Hiring private
attorneys, therefore, will also keep their secret safe.
Private infant adoption in the United States is often the target of attack,
and the motivation is usually the amount of money. Here are some scenarios of
brokering babies in United States.
2.3.5.1 A consideration between save or sell the baby
Some of poor families have more children than they can feed. An agency
or private attorney comes to offer the replacement for the children. Mostly, the
agency or private attorney promises to relocate the children to more suitable
parents and give them a good compensation. It is costs around fifteen thousand
dollars.
2.3.5.2 A consideration between a social and business practice
There are a lot of agencies which have several domestic infant adoption
programs. It costs vary widely depending on the baby's racial or ethnic
background, and reasons given include a greater difficulty in placing the children
in the lower cost program.
2.3.5.3 A consideration between a rightful parent or higher bidder
An infant adoption in United States costs around forty thousand dollars. A
private attorney will arrange all of the requirements for the adoptive parent. Since
the contract agreement has not been signed yet, the attorney may rearrange the
2.4 Theoretical Framework
In this study the writer analyses Maggie’s organization. The first question
discuss about Maggie’s organization, while the second question discuss about
Maggie’s effort to lead her organization to achieve the organizational goal. The
theory of organization, theory of work groups, theory of leadership, and theory of
strategic management are used by the writer to answer those two questions.
The first question discuss about Maggie’s organization. The theory of
organization by Daft (2004), and Hodge and Anthony (1988) are used to analyze
Maggie’s organization. Both experts have the similar explanation about an
organization. They stated that organizations are social entities (group) which are work
together to achieve the same purpose(s). Furthermore, there are some divisions or
work groups within Maggie’s organization which work as their specialization to
support the organizational goal. The theory of work groups by George and Jones
(2005) is used to analyze this matter.
The second question discuss about Maggie’s efforts to lead the organization to
achieve the organizational goal. Firstly, an analysis of Maggie as a leader of her
organization to take down Baron Bell is necessary. The theory of leadership by
Kondalkar (2007) and Daft (2005) are used to analyze this matter. Secondly, the
strategy taken by Maggie to take down Baron Bell will be analyzed. The theory of
strategic management by David (2001) is used to analyze the steps taken by Maggie to
take down Baron Bell.
In this study, socio-cultural historical review is used to analyze Baron Bell’s
society and adoption in the United States give better understanding to analyze Baron
25
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of three parts. The first section is object of the study.
The object of the study consists of a brief description of the novel Deadly. The
second section is approach of the study. Approach of the study explains about the
approach to conduct this study. The last section is method of the study. Method of
the study describes the steps of analyzing the novel and the applying approach to
answer the questions formulated in the problem formulation.
3.1 Object of the Study
The setting of the story is in Washington DC, in the United States of
America. The time is between Halloween up to New Year’s Eve. Furthermore, the
snowstorm lives up the scenery of the story and creates a terrible atmosphere. The
characters of this novel can be divided into two sides. The first side is Baron
Bell’s group. The members of this group are Baron Bell and Adel Newsom, both
of them are lawyers in Washington. The second side is Maggie’s organization.
Maggie’s organization works to support Elizabeth Fox against Baron Bell.
The story tells about the deception and baby trafficking that is done by
Baron Bell. Baron Bell and the Dawsons sign a contract worth one hundred
thousand dollars for a child adoption. Baron Bell arranges a sperm donation from
Thomas Dawson to Donna Davis, a surrogate mother. Donna Davis gives birth to
twins, a boy and a girl. Since the second baby is never shown up on the
take the twins. The Dawsons cannot afford her claim, therefore Donna Davis gets
the twins back.
Baron Bell refuses to defend the Dawsons. Rachel Dawson comes to
Quinn Law Firm afterward. The manager addresses Elizabeth Fox to defend the
Dawsons. Elizabeth Fox is also the member of Maggie’s organization. By virtue
of Baron Bell’s record, Elizabeth Fox realizes that she cannot win over Baron Bell
on her own. Elizabeth Fox, therefore, asks Maggie for help.
In this novel, Maggie plays her role as a leader, a manager, and a strategist
of her organization. Maggie leads the organization to take down Baron Bell.
Maggie uses all the resources of the organization to support the organizational
goal. The work groups within Maggie’s organization consist of professional
members so that it makes Maggie’s work easier.
3.2 Approach of the Study
This study analyses Maggie’s organization. Since this study deals with
organization, the writer uses socio-cultural historical approach, the last critical
approach from Rohrberger and Woods. This approach focuses on the social, culture,
and history background of literary works. It implies that the social, culture, and history
background of literary works will influence the making of the literary works. This
approach is used to find out Baron Bell social background, the elements of Maggie’s
organization and the effort of Maggie’s organization to take down Baron Bell.
3.3 Method of the Study
In this study, the writer used library study method because this study
method means the writer had to read many books related to the study. The main
source was Fern Michaels’ Deadly Deals. While book related to theory of
organization, theory of work groups, theory of leadership, theory of strategic
management, and theory of socio-cultural historical approach were considered as
secondary sources. The following paragraphs discuss about the steps taken by the
writer in conducting this study.
The first step was reading the novel, Deadly Deals, for several times to
maximize the comprehension of the story. After reading for several times, the
interesting elements such as Maggie’s organization and the work group within
Maggie’s organization to take down an evil lawyer namely Baron Bell attracted the
writer to conduct this study.
The second step was collecting information about the author, the novel, the
conflicts, and the connection with human life. The information and references were
taken from books and internet.
The third step was generating problem formulation to be analyzed. The
writer had several considerations before decided the problem formulation. In this
step, the writer used many books and references related to the topics chosen.
The fourth step was analyzing the novel. The writer finally chose theory of
organization, theory of work groups, theory of leadership, theory of strategic
management, and theory of socio-cultural historical approach to answer the problem
formulation.
Finally, after the two questions in problem formulation in chapter one had
discussed in the analysis. The writer also provided suggestions for students of
29
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS
This Chapter consists of two parts. The first part gives complete
description about Maggie’s organization. The second part discusses about Maggie
as the leader of her organization and Maggie’s efforts to lead her organization to
take down the higher power enemy, namely Baron Bell
4.1 Description of Maggie’s Organization
Hodge and Anthony (7) state that the basic meaning of an organization is
the establishment of structural relationship among two or more people in which
cooperation emerges. The purpose of this cooperation is achieving the
organizational goal. The members of this organization believe that working
together will enhance the opportunity to achieve their common goal.
Fern Michaels’ Deadly Dealsdescribes the benefit of working together as
an organization toward a goal. In the novel, Maggie’s organization helps Elisabeth
Fox to take down a powerful lawyer, Baron Bell. A description of Maggie’s
organization is explained below.
4.1.1 Maggie’s Organization
The gathering of individuals is not always considered as an organization.
There are some considerations before a gathering of individuals can be called an
organization. According to Daft (11), there are four conditions of an organization.
The first condition is an organization is a social entity. The primary element of an
organization is the interaction within the group members and the relationship of one to
or set of procedures are considered as the secondary elements. The interaction and the
relationship among the members which is emerging in the gathering of individuals
which is led by Maggie is the first element of an organization.
The second condition is an organization is goal-directed. An organization exists
when the interaction among the members perform essential functions that help attain
goals. In the novelDeadly Deals, the gathering of individuals which is led by Maggie
has a clear purpose. Maggie manages the members to accomplish the organization goal,
it is to take down Baron Bell.
The third condition is an organization is designed as deliberately structured and
coordinated activity systems. Another key element of an organization is the presence of
a leader in the gathering of individuals. The leader intends to lead, manage, and
coordinate the organizational resources to achieve the organizational purpose. In the
novel Deadly Deals, Maggie, as the leader of the organization, takes responsibility to
lead, manage, and coordinate the members of her group. Maggie controls and leads
them to accomplish the organization goal.
The fourth condition is an organization linked to the external environment. An
organization deals with external environment. There must be an interaction between
organization and external environment. In the novel Deadly Deals, Baron Bell is
considered as the external environment. Maggie leads her organization to take down
Baron Bell.
4.1.2 Type of Maggie’s Organization
According to Daft (11-12), there are two types of organization, for-profit
organization has different purpose. For-profit business organization directs the
purpose to get profit or money, while nonprofit organization directs the effort
toward generating some kinds of social impact. The type of Maggie’s organization can
be seen from the organizational purpose.
“…in short of a miracle that all of us are safe for the moment. Outside, fighting the elements, there are dozens of people who are trying to make things right because of all the wrongs you four committed. We know there are more of you, and we will find them, maybe not today or tomorrow, but we will find them.” (Michaels, 183)
Based on the Daft explanation, Maggie’s organization is categorized as
non-profit organization. The members of the organization direct their goal toward
generating some kinds of social impact. Maggie’s organization does not look forward
for profit but to help the powerless adoptive parents cheated by Baron Bell and Adel
Newsom. The commitment of the members of Maggie’s organization is finding the evil
like Baron Bell and fixes the broken. They have desire and commitment to fight against
the villain.
She felt her eyes start to burn as she stared at first one baby, then another. She rubbed her thumb over the chubby faces of the babies and whispered, "I'm going to get those bastards, and that's a promise. I'm going to make sure you go back to your real parents, so you can grow up in the loving home that was supposed to be yours. I'm going to make sure you little gals get to play Little League and you little guys get to take guitar lessons. I'm going to make it my mission in life to follow your lives. From here on in, I'm Aunt Maggie, and I will not let you down. That's a promise." (Michaels, 139)
Maggie has a promise to bring the babies back to their real parents, the ones
who are supposed to be responsible for them. Maggie promises to herself, that she will
do her best to defend their right. Maggie uses her organization to accomplish her wish.
This purpose is one of the attributes of non-profit organization. Maggie and her
4.1.3 The Group Within Maggie’s Organization
According to George and Jones (314), a group can be defined as a set of
two or more people who interact with each other to achieve certain goals. The
purposes of the groups’ goals are helping an organization to achieve the
organizational goal. There are two types or group within an organization, formal
work groups and informal work groups. The formal work groups are set up by the
leader based on specific purposes that determined by the needs of an organization.
The informal work groups emerge naturally in an organization to achieve their
goals or meet their needs. (George and Jones, 311-314)
In Fern Michaels Deadly Deals, Maggie divides the members into some
work groups based on the subordinates’ abilities. The purpose of this job ceiling is
to gain effectiveness and efficiency. As a leader, Maggie works as a supervisor
that receives the reports from each group’s leader and then gives more command
for further action. The four kinds of formal group work emerge in Maggie’s
organization. The complete description of work groups in Maggie’s organization
are described below.
4.1.3.1 A Command Group
The first type of group is command group. According to George and Jones
(312), this group gives huge impact to organization to achieve its goal. The
command group is based on reporting relationship to the organization leader.
Maggie plays such an important role in determining the success of the
work emerges when Maggie gives an order to Abner Tookus to report to her a
detail report about Baron Bell.
Maggie’s voice turned syrupy sweet. “Not all that much. I want everything there is to get on one Baron Bell. I want it from the moment he came into being in his mother’s womb until this very minute, and after that I want hourly update” (Michaels, 25)
The purpose of this assignment is to compile Baron Bell’s personal data.
The basic information about Baron Bell will help the organization to take down
Baron Bell. The more Maggie knows Baron Bell means the better to take Baron
Bell down.
4.1.3.2 A Task Force
The second type of group emerges in Maggie’s organization is a task
force. According to George and Jones (312-313), a task force deals with specific
problem. A task force is usually disbanded after meeting the goal. The task force
emerges when Maggie gives order to Ted and Espinosa to convince the Dawsons
and Evanses to go public about their problem. Furthermore, she asks for some
family pictures.
As they sat in the kitchen at the Post, Maggie scarfed down pancakes and sausages as she rattled off orders to Ted and Espinosa… It's your job to convince the Dawsons and Evanses to go public. I want family pictures. All new parents take pictures all day long. I want a regular gallery. I want sweet, I want sad, I want devastated. (Michaels, 65)
Maggie chooses Ted and Espinosa to handle this assignment. Both Ted
and Espinosa are experts in journalism. The first member is Ted. Ted is a star
investigative reporter. By Ted’s ability in communication, Maggie believes that
Ted is able to influence the Dawsons and Evanses to bring their problem in
orders Espinosa to take some family pictures. As a photo journalist, Maggie has
no doubt about Espinosa’s ability.
There are two purposes dealing with this assignment. The first purpose is
to gain people’s support by blowing up Baron Bell’s crime in public. Maggie
believes people will pay attention to the Dawsons and Evanses family. By this
method, those families will gain people’s support that will give benefit to both
families. As Maggie works at the post, bringing this issue in mass media is in her
mind. The second purpose is using the family pictures as a supportive message for
her article. Maggie believes that using this method will gain public attention.
Maggie believes that by blowing up Baron Bell’s crime in mass media, Baron
Bell’s movement will be limited.
4.1.3.3 A Team
George and Jones (313) state that a team is a formal group that interacts at
a high level and works together intensively. Supported by experience and abilities
of its members, a team may work effectively and efficiently. A team is established
to accomplish a goal which is impossible to be done individually. In Fern
Michaels’ Deadly Deals, a team can be seen when Annie and Myra crack Baron
Bell’s safe to steal the record of adopted children. Before the mission starts, Annie
and Myra have been trained by Tobias Tyson about cracking a safe. Both
members are professional and have the required skill to enter Baron Bell’s office.
The purpose of this mission is to find the record which will support the
4.1.3.4 A Self Manage Work Team
According to George and Jones (313), a self manage work team is a team
without any leader but each member performs leadership task. Each member has
adequate authority to coordinate and maintain other members’ work. In Fern
Michaels’ Deadly Deals, a self manage work team emerges when a quartet, Ted,
Espinosa, Harry, and Jack, ordered by Maggie to crack Adel Newsom’s summer
house at Rehoboth Beach.
This group consists of four different experts. Ted is a star investigative
reporter. Espinosa is a photo journalist. Harry is a martial art expert. Jack is a
federal prosecutor. Those people are an excellent combination to handle this
assignment.
The quartet is asked to find some information about the baby brokering by
Baron Bell and Adel Newsom. This group performs a self manage work team
because there is no leader in his group but each member performing leadership to
another. It can be seen when the group arrives near the guard house. Harry takes
charge to make a safe way in to Adel Newsom’s house.
“…Stay here. I will take care of the matters.” Harry was out of the vehicle and walking around the front of the Rover before Jack could get his wits about him. The guard opened the door, and Harry motioned him back inside. (Michaels, 105)
After the quartet successfully passes the guard, they drive to Adel
Newsom’s house. Harry is brilliant. While he take cares the guard, he also
Espinosa parks the car nearby Adel Newsom’s house. When the quartet
approaches Adel Newsom’s house, Espinosa worries about the footprints they
made.
"I guess you know we're going to be leaving footprints," Espinosa fretted. "Only if visitors can see the footprints." Ted reached up and turned off the gas lamp. "Everybody hit one of the houses on the street and turn off the lamps. The gizmo is right there below the flame." The guys sprinted off to do Ted's bidding. (Michaels 108-109)
Ted turns off the gas lamp on the street. Ted also asks his partners to do
the same thing. This action should help them to cover their arrival because no one
can see their footprints.
Ted has his second brilliant idea to pick the lock on Adel Newsom’s
neighbor’s house. This idea is the response to Maggie’s massage that Adel
Newsom and Baron Bell are heading to that house. Ted leads the quartet once
more. This action is meant to prevent the duo’s coming. Ted also prepares a story
if their existence is detected by Baron Bell and Adel Newsom. (Michaels, 109)
Harry sees a car light heading to the house indicating that someone is
coming. As predicted before, it is Adel Newsom. The foursome runs back to Adel
Newsom’s neighbor’s house at light speed. Suddenly, Adel Newsom knocks on
the house. Since Ted, Harry, and Jack cannot be seen, Espinosa takes charge to
control the situation.
The quartet successfully takes the record of brokering babies done by
Baron Bell and Adel Newsom. The self manage work team accomplishes the
mission ordered by Maggie.
In short, the gathering of people who is led by Maggie can be concluded as
an organization. This gathering of people fulfills the entire requirement to be an
organization that is social entity, goal-directed, structure and management, and
linked to external environment. Based on the analysis, Maggie’s organization is
categorized as a non-profit organization. It can be seen from the organization’s
purpose that is direct the effort toward generating some kinds of social impact. In
this case, Maggie’s organization helps powerless adoptive parents who are
cheated by Baron Bell. The organization also tries to return the babies to their real
parents. In order to accomplish the organizational goal, Maggie, as the leader of
her organization, divides the members into four work groups. The work groups
are a command group, a task force, a team, and a self manage work team. The
purpose of this job ceiling is to gain effectiveness and efficiency. As sub-groups
of an organization, they have responsibility to accomplish their goals which
support the organizational goal.
4.2 Maggie’s Efforts as the Leader of the Organization to Take Down
Baron Bell
The unique characteristics and needs of non-profit organization create
unique challenges for the organizational leader. According to Daft (11-12), the
financial limitation, the leader of non-profit organization must lead the
subordinates to work effectively and efficient.
Based on the previous analysis, Maggie’s organization is categorized as
non-profit organization. It can be seen that Maggie directs the organizational goal
toward social impact. Maggie has to be creative to overcome the unique
challenges faced by her organization. The subsequent analysis will discuss about
Maggie as the leader of her organization and Maggie’s efforts to accomplish the
organizational goal.
4.2.1 Maggie as the Leader of the Organization
In the novel Deadly Deals, Maggie plays her role as the leader of her
organization. Maggie has an important role to create working environment in her
organization. The success of an organization depends on the efficiency of the
leader. According to Kondalkar (224-226), the attributes of a leader are positive
approach, ability to solve problems, ability to motivate employee, and ability to
control the situation. The attributes of a leader can be seen in Maggie’s act
throughout the novel. Maggie has all the positive approach of a leader.
Furthermore, Kondalkar states that the success of an organization is
depending on the leader. There are four ingredients of leadership which determine
the success of an organization. The ingredients of the leader are explained bellow.
4.2.1.1 The Ability to Use Power Effectively
A leader gains power from his appointment. By this legitimate power, a
