Osvaldo Gervasi · Beniamino Murgante
Sanjay Misra · Elena Stankova
Carmelo M. Torre · Ana Maria A. C. Rocha
David Taniar · Bernady O. Apduhan
Eufemia Tarantino · Yeonseung Ryu (Eds.)
123
LNCS 10962
18th International Conference
Melbourne, VIC, Australia, July 2–5, 2018
Proceedings, Part III
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
10962
Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors:
Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen
Editorial Board
David HutchisonLancaster University, Lancaster, UK Takeo Kanade
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler
University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Friedemann Mattern
ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Moni Naor
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel C. Pandu Rangan
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India Bernhard Steffen
TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany Demetri Terzopoulos
University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum
Osvaldo Gervasi
•Beniamino Murgante
Sanjay Misra
•Elena Stankova
Carmelo M. Torre
•Ana Maria A. C. Rocha
David Taniar
•Bernady O. Apduhan
Eufemia Tarantino
•Yeonseung Ryu (Eds.)
Computational Science
and Its Applications
–
ICCSA 2018
18th International Conference
Melbourne, VIC, Australia, July 2
–
5, 2018
Proceedings, Part III
Editors
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018947453
LNCS Sublibrary: SL1–Theoretical Computer Science and General Issues ©Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
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Printed on acid-free paper
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Preface
These multiple volumes (LNCS volumes 10960–10964) consist of the peer-reviewed papers presented at the 2018 International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA 2018) held in Melbourne, Australia, during July 2–5, 2018.
ICCSA 2018 was a successful event in the International Conferences on Compu-tational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA) conference series, previously held in Trieste, Italy (2017), Beijing, China (2016), Banff, Canada (2015), Guimaraes, Portugal (2014), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (2013), Salvador, Brazil (2012), Santander, Spain (2011), Fukuoka, Japan (2010), Suwon, South Korea (2009), Perugia, Italy (2008), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2007), Glasgow, UK (2006), Singapore (2005), Assisi, Italy (2004), Montreal, Canada (2003), and (as ICCS) Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2002) and San Francisco, USA (2001).
Computational science is a main pillar of most current research and industrial and commercial activities and it plays a unique role in exploiting ICT innovative tech-nologies. The ICCSA conference series has been providing a venue to researchers and industry practitioners to discuss new ideas, to share complex problems and their solutions, and to shape new trends in computational science.
Apart from the general tracks, ICCSA 2018 also included 33 international work-shops, in various areas of computational sciences, ranging from computational science technologies, to specific areas of computational sciences, such as computer graphics and virtual reality. The program also featured three keynote speeches.
The success of the ICCSA conference series, in general, and ICCSA 2018, in particular, is due to the support of many people: authors, presenters, participants, keynote speakers, session chairs, Organizing Committee members, student volunteers, Program Committee members, International Advisory Committee members, Interna-tional Liaison chairs, and people in other various roles. We would like to thank them all.
We would also like to thank Springer for their continuous support in publishing the ICCSA conference proceedings and for sponsoring some of the paper awards.
July 2018 David Taniar
Welcome to Melbourne
Welcome to“The Most Liveable City”1, Melbourne, Australia. ICCSA 2018 was held at Monash University, Caulfield Campus, during July 2–5, 2018.
Melbourne is the state capital of Victoria, and is currently the second most populous city in Australia, behind Sydney. There are lots of things to do and experience while in Melbourne. Here is an incomplete list:
– Visit and experience Melbourne’s best coffee shops – Discover Melbourne’s hidden laneways and rooftops – Walk along the Yarra River
– Eat your favourite food (Chinese, Vietnamese, Malaysian, Italian, Greek, anything, …you name it)
– Buy souvenirs at the Queen Victoria Market
– Go up to the Eureka, the tallest building in Melbourne – Visit Melbourne’s museums
– Walk and enjoy Melbourne’s gardens and parks
– Visit the heart-shape lake, Albert Park Lake, the home of the F1 Grand Prix – Simply walk in the city to enjoy Melbourne experience
– Try Melbourne’s gelato ice cream
Basically, it is easy to live in and to explore Melbourne, and I do hope that you will have time to explore the city of Melbourne.
The venue of ICCSA 2018 was in Monash University. Monash University is a member of Go8, which is considered the top eight universities in Australia. Monash University has a number of campuses and centers. The two main campuses in Mel-bourne are Clayton and Caulfield. ICCSA 2018 was held on Caulfield Campus, which is only 12 minutes away from Melbourne CBD by train.
The Faculty of Information Technology is one of the ten faculties at Monash University. The faculty has more than 100 full-time academic staff (equivalent to the rank of Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor).
I do hope that you will enjoy not only the conference, but also Melbourne.
David Taniar
Organization
ICCSA 2018 was organized by Monash University (Australia), University of Perugia (Italy), Kyushu Sangyo University (Japan), University of Basilicata (Italy), and University of Minho, (Portugal).
Honorary General Chairs
Antonio Laganà University of Perugia, Italy Norio Shiratori Tohoku University, Japan Kenneth C. J. Tan Sardina Systems, Estonia
General Chairs
David Taniar Monash University, Australia Bernady O. Apduhan Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan
Program Committee Chairs
Osvaldo Gervasi University of Perugia, Italy Beniamino Murgante University of Basilicata, Italy Ana Maria A. C. Rocha University of Minho, Portugal
International Advisory Committee
Jemal Abawajy Deakin University, Australia Dharma P. Agrawal University of Cincinnati, USA Marina L. Gavrilova University of Calgary, Canada Claudia Bauzer Medeiros University of Campinas, Brazil
Manfred M. Fisher Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria Yee Leung Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR China
International Liaison Chairs
Ana Carla P. Bitencourt Universidade Federal do Reconcavo da Bahia, Brazil Giuseppe Borruso University of Trieste, Italy
Rafael D. C. Santos National Institute for Space Research, Brazil Maribel Yasmina Santos University of Minho, Portugal
Workshop and Session Organizing Chairs
Beniamino Murgante University of Basilicata, Italy Sanjay Misra Covenant University, Nigeria Jorge Gustavo Rocha University of Minho, Portugal
Award Chair
Wenny Rahayu La Trobe University, Australia
Web Chair
A. S. M. Kayes La Trobe University, Australia
Publicity Committee Chairs
Elmer Dadios De La Salle University, Philippines
Hong Quang Nguyen International University (VNU-HCM), Vietnam Daisuke Takahashi Tsukuba University, Japan
Shangwang Wang Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China
Workshop Organizers
Advanced Methods in Fractals and Data Mining for Applications (AMFDMA 2018)
Yeliz Karaca IEEE
Carlo Cattani Tuscia University, Italy
Majaz Moonis University of Massachusettes Medical School, USA
Advances in Information Systems and Technologies for Emergency Management, Risk Assessment and Mitigation Based on Resilience Concepts (ASTER 2018) Maurizio Pollino ENEA, Italy
Marco Vona University of Basilicata, Italy Beniamino Murgante University of Basilicata, Italy Grazia Fattoruso ENEA, Italy
Bio- and Neuro-inspired Computing and Applications (BIONCA 2018) Nadia Nedjah State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Luiza de Macedo Mourell State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Computer-Aided Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis (CAMSA 2018)
Jie Shen University of Michigan, USA
Hao Chen Shanghai University of Engineering Science, China
Youguo He Jiangsu University, China
Computational and Applied Statistics (CAS 2018)
Ana Cristina Braga University of Minho, Portugal
Computational Geometry and Security Applications (CGSA 2018) Marina L. Gavrilova University of Calgary, Canada
Computational Movement Analysis (CMA 2018) Farid Karimipour University of Tehran, Iran
Computational Mathematics, Statistics and Information Management (CMSIM 2018)
M. Filomena Teodoro Lisbon University and Portuguese Naval Academy, Portugal
Computational Optimization and Applications (COA 2018) Ana Maria Rocha University of Minho, Portugal Humberto Rocha University of Coimbra, Portugal
Computational Astrochemistry (CompAstro 2018) Marzio Rosi University of Perugia, Italy
Dimitrios Skouteris Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Italy Albert Rimola Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
Cities, Technologies, and Planning (CTP 2018) Giuseppe Borruso University of Trieste, Italy Beniamino Murgante University of Basilicata, Italy
Defense Technology and Security (DTS 2018)
Yeonseung Ryu Myongji University, South Korea
Econometrics and Multidimensional Evaluation in the Urban Environment (EMEUE 2018)
Carmelo M. Torre Polytechnic of Bari, Italy
Maria Cerreta University of Naples Federico II, Italy Pierluigi Morano Polytechnic of Bari, Italy
Paola Perchinunno University of Bari, Italy
Future Computing Systems, Technologies, and Applications (FISTA 2018) Bernady O. Apduhan Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan
Rafael Santos National Institute for Space Research, Brazil
Shangguang Wang Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China
Kazuaki Tanaka Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
Geographical Analysis, Urban Modeling, Spatial Statistics (GEO-AND-MOD 2018)
Giuseppe Borruso University of Trieste, Italy Beniamino Murgante University of Basilicata, Italy Hartmut Asche University of Potsdam, Germany
Geomatics for Resource Monitoring and Control (GRMC 2018) Eufemia Tarantino Polytechnic of Bari, Italy
Umberto Fratino Polytechnic of Bari, Italy Benedetto Figorito ARPA Puglia, Italy Antonio Novelli Polytechnic of Bari, Italy
Rosa Lasaponara Italian Research Council, IMAA-CNR, Italy International Symposium on Software Quality (ISSQ 2018)
Sanjay Misra Covenant University, Nigeria
Web-Based Collective Evolutionary Systems: Models, Measures, Applications (IWCES 2018)
Alfredo Milani University of Perugia, Italy
Clement Leung United International College, Zhouhai, China Valentina Franzoni University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy Valentina Poggioni University of Perugia, Italy
Large-Scale Computational Physics (LSCP 2018)
Elise de Doncker Western Michigan University, USA
Fukuko Yuasa High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, KEK, Japan
Hideo Matsufuru High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, KEK, Japan
Land Use Monitoring for Soil Consumption Reduction (LUMS 2018) Carmelo M. Torre Polytechnic of Bari, Italy
Alessandro Bonifazi Polytechnic of Bari, Italy Pasquale Balena Polytechnic of Bari, Italy Beniamino Murgante University of Basilicata , Italy Eufemia Tarantino Polytechnic of Bari, Italy
Mobile Communications (MC 2018)
Hyunseung Choo Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea
Scientific Computing Infrastructure (SCI 2018)
Elena Stankova Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia Vladimir Korkhov Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia International Symposium on Software Engineering Processes and Applications (SEPA 2018)
Sanjay Misra Covenant University, Nigeria
Smart Factory Convergence (SFC 2018)
Jongpil Jeong Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea
Is a Smart City Really Smart? Models, Solutions, Proposals for an Effective Urban and Social Development (Smart_Cities 2018)
Giuseppe Borruso University of Trieste, Italy Chiara Garau University of Cagliari, Italy Ginevra Balletto University of Cagliari, Italy Beniamino Murgante University of Basilicata, Italy Paola Zamberlin University of Florence, Italy
Sustainability Performance Assessment: Models, Approaches and Applications Toward Interdisciplinary and Integrated Solutions (SPA 2018)
Francesco Scorza University of Basilicata, Italy
Valentin Grecu Lucia Blaga University on Sibiu, Romania Jolanta Dvarioniene Kaunas University, Lithuania
Sabrina Lai Cagliari University, Italy Advances in Spatio-Temporal Analytics (ST-Analytics 2018)
Rafael Santos Brazilian Space Research Agency, Brazil Karine Reis Ferreira Brazilian Space Research Agency, Brazil Joao Moura Pires New University of Lisbon, Portugal Maribel Yasmina Santos University of Minho, Portugal
Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Its Applications (TCCA 2018) M. Noelia Faginas Lago University of Perugia, Italy
Andrea Lombardi University of Perugia, Italy
Tools and Techniques in Software Development Processes (TTSDP 2018) Sanjay Misra Covenant University, Nigeria
Challenges, Trends and Innovations in VGI (VGI 2018) Beniamino Murgante University of Basilicata, Italy
Rodrigo Tapia-McClung Centro de Investigación en Geografia y Geomática Ing Jorge L. Tamay, Mexico
Claudia Ceppi Polytechnic of Bari, Italy Jorge Gustavo Rocha University of Minho, Portugal Virtual Reality and Applications (VRA 2018)
Osvaldo Gervasi University of Perugia, Italy Sergio Tasso University of Perugia, Italy
International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Data Mining (WPDM 2018) Massimo Cafaro University of Salento, Italy
Italo Epicoco University of Salento, Italy Marco Pulimeno University of Salento, Italy Giovanni Aloisio University of Salento, Italy
Program Committee
Kenny Adamson University of Ulster, UK Vera Afreixo University of Aveiro, Portugal Filipe Alvelos University of Minho, Portugal Hartmut Asche University of Potsdam, Germany Michela Bertolotto University College Dublin, Ireland
Sandro Bimonte CEMAGREF, TSCF, France
Rod Blais University of Calgary, Canada
Ivan Blec̆ić University of Sassari, Italy Giuseppe Borruso University of Trieste, Italy Ana Cristina Braga University of Minho, Portugal
Yves Caniou Lyon University, France
JoséA. Cardoso e Cunha Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Rui Cardoso University of Beira Interior, Portugal Leocadio G. Casado University of Almeria, Spain Carlo Cattani University of Salerno, Italy
Mete Celik Erciyes University, Turkey
Alexander Chemeris National Technical University of Ukraine KPI, Ukraine Min Young Chung Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea
Florbela Maria da Cruz Domingues Correia
Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Portugal
Gilberto Corso Pereira Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
Carla Dal Sasso Freitas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Pradesh Debba The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
(CSIR), South Africa
Hendrik Decker Instituto Tecnológico de Informática, Spain Frank Devai London South Bank University, UK
Rodolphe Devillers Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada Joana Matos Dias University of Coimbra, Portugal
Paolino Di Felice University of L’Aquila, Italy
Prabu Dorairaj NetApp, India/USA
M. Irene Falcao University of Minho, Portugal Cherry Liu Fang U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, USA Florbela P. Fernandes Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal Jose-Jesus Fernandez National Centre for Biotechnology, CSIS, Spain Paula Odete Fernandes Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal Adelaide de Fátima Baptista
Valente Freitas
University of Aveiro, Portugal
Manuel Carlos Figueiredo University of Minho, Portugal Maria Antonia Forjaz University of Minho, Portugal Maria Celia Furtado Rocha PRODEB–PósCultura/UFBA, Brazil Paulino Jose Garcia Nieto University of Oviedo, Spain
Jerome Gensel LSR-IMAG, France
Maria Giaoutzi National Technical University, Athens, Greece Arminda Manuela Andrade
Pereira Gonçalves
University of Minho, Portugal
Andrzej M. Goscinski Deakin University, Australia
Sevin Gm̈gm̈ Izmir University of Economics, Turkey Alex Hagen-Zanker University of Cambridge, UK
Malgorzata Hanzl Technical University of Lodz, Poland Shanmugasundaram
Hariharan
B.S. Abdur Rahman University, India
Eligius M. T. Hendrix University of Malaga/Wageningen University, Spain/The Netherlands
Tutut Herawan Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta, Indonesia Hisamoto Hiyoshi Gunma University, Japan
Fermin Huarte University of Barcelona, Spain Mustafa Inceoglu EGE University, Turkey Peter Jimack University of Leeds, UK
Qun Jin Waseda University, Japan
A. S. M. Kayes La Trobe University, Australia
Farid Karimipour Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Baris Kazar Oracle Corp., USA
Maulana Adhinugraha Kiki Telkom University, Indonesia
DongSeong Kim University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Taihoon Kim Hannam University, South Korea
Ivana Kolingerova University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic Rosa Lasaponara National Research Council, Italy
Maurizio Lazzari National Research Council, Italy Cheng Siong Lee Monash University, Australia Sangyoun Lee Yonsei University, South Korea
Jongchan Lee Kunsan National University, South Korea Clement Leung Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR
China
Chendong Li University of Connecticut, USA
Gang Li Deakin University, Australia
Ming Li East China Normal University, China
Fang Liu AMES Laboratories, USA
Xin Liu University of Calgary, Canada
Savino Longo University of Bari, Italy
Tinghuai Ma NanJing University of Information Science and Technology, China
Luca Mancinelli Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
Ernesto Marcheggiani Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Antonino Marvuglia Research Centre Henri Tudor, Luxembourg Nicola Masini National Research Council, Italy
Eric Medvet University of Trieste, Italy
Nirvana Meratnia University of Twente, The Netherlands Alfredo Milani University of Perugia, Italy
Giuseppe Modica University of Reggio Calabria, Italy JosèLuis Montaña University of Cantabria, Spain Maria Filipa Mourão IP from Viana do Castelo, Portugal Laszlo Neumann University of Girona, Spain Kok-Leong Ong Deakin University, Australia Belen Palop Universidad de Valladolid, Spain Marcin Paprzycki Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland Eric Pardede La Trobe University, Australia Kwangjin Park Wonkwang University, South Korea Ana Isabel Pereira Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Portugal
Maurizio Pollino Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Italy Alenka Poplin University of Hamburg, Germany
Vidyasagar Potdar Curtin University of Technology, Australia David C. Prosperi Florida Atlantic University, USA
Wenny Rahayu La Trobe University, Australia
Jerzy Respondek Silesian University of Technology, Poland Humberto Rocha INESC-Coimbra, Portugal
Jon Rokne University of Calgary, Canada
Octavio Roncero CSIC, Spain
Maytham Safar Kuwait University, Kuwait
Chiara Saracino A.O. Ospedale Niguarda Ca’Granda - Milano, Italy Haiduke Sarafian The Pennsylvania State University, USA
Marco Paulo Seabra dos Reis
University of Coimbra, Portugal
Jie Shen University of Michigan, USA
Qi Shi Liverpool John Moores University, UK
Dale Shires U.S. Army Research Laboratory, USA Inês Soares University of Coimbra, Portugal Takuo Suganuma Tohoku University, Japan Sergio Tasso University of Perugia, Italy
Ana Paula Teixeira University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal Senhorinha Teixeira University of Minho, Portugal
Parimala Thulasiraman University of Manitoba, Canada Carmelo Torre Polytechnic of Bari, Italy
Javier Martinez Torres Centro Universitario de la Defensa Zaragoza, Spain Giuseppe A. Trunfio University of Sassari, Italy
Toshihiro Uchibayashi Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan Pablo Vanegas University of Cuenca, Ecuador Marco Vizzari University of Perugia, Italy
Varun Vohra Merck Inc., USA
Koichi Wada University of Tsukuba, Japan
Krzysztof Walkowiak Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland Zequn Wang Intelligent Automation Inc., USA
Robert Weibel University of Zurich, Switzerland
Frank Westad Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
Roland Wismüller Universität Siegen, Germany Mudasser Wyne SOET National University, USA
Chung-Huang Yang National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan Xin-She Yang National Physical Laboratory, UK
Salim Zabir France Telecom Japan Co., Japan Haifeng Zhao University of California, Davis, USA Kewen Zhao University of Qiongzhou, China Fabiana Zollo University of Venice CàFoscari, Italy Albert Y. Zomaya University of Sydney, Australia
Reviewers
Afreixo Vera University of Aveiro, Portugal
Ahmad Rashid Microwave and Antenna Lab, School of Engineering, Korea
Aguilar JoséAlfonso Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mexico Albanese Valentina Universitàdi Bologna, Italy
Alvelos Filipe University of Minho, Portugal Amato Federico University of Basilicata, Italy
Andrianov Serge Institute for Informatics of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Russia
Antunes Marília University Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Apduhan Bernady Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan Aquilanti Vincenzo University of Perugia, Italy Asche Hartmut Potsdam University, Germany Aslan Zafer Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey
AytaçVecdi Ege University, Turkey
Azevedo Ana Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Portugal Azzari Margherita Universitádegli Studi di Firenze, Italy
Bae Ihn-Han Catholic University of Daegu, South Korea Balci Birim Celal BayarÜniversitesi, Turkey
Balena Pasquale Politecnico di Bari, Italy Balucani Nadia University of Perugia, Italy
Barroca Filho Itamir Instituto Metrópole Digital da UFRN (IMD-UFRN), Brazil
Bayrak§sengül HaliçUniversity, Turkey
Behera Ranjan Kumar Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India
Bimonte Sandro IRSTEA, France
Bogdanov Alexander Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia Bonifazi Alessandro Polytechnic of Bari, Italy
Borruso Giuseppe University of Trieste, Italy Braga Ana Cristina University of Minho, Portugal Cafaro Massimo University of Salento, Italy Canora Filomena University of Basilicata, Italy Cao Yuanlong University of Saskatchewan, Canada Caradonna Grazia Polytechnic of Bari, Italy
Cardoso Rui Institute of Telecommunications, Portugal Carolina Tripp Barba Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mexico Caroti Gabriella University of Pisa, Italy
Ceccarello Matteo University of Padova, Italy Cefalo Raffaela University of Trieste, Italy
Cerreta Maria University Federico II of Naples, Italy Challa Rajesh Sungkyunkwan University, Korea Chamundeswari Arumugam SSN College of Engineering, India Chaturvedi Krishna Kumar Patil Group of Industries, India
Choi Jae-Young Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
Choi Kwangnam Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Korea
Choi Seonho Seoul National University, Korea Chung Min Young Sungkyunkwan University, Korea Ciloglugil Birol Ege University, Turkey
Coletti Cecilia University of Chieti, Italy
Congiu Tanja Universitàdegli Studi di Sassari, Italy Correia Anacleto Base Naval de Lisboa, Portugal
Correia Elisete University of Trás-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal Correia Florbela Maria da
Cruz Domingues
Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Portugal
Costa e Silva Eliana Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal Cugurullo Federico Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
Damas Bruno LARSyS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Univ. Lisboa, Portugal
Dang Thien Binh Sungkyunkwan University, Korea Daniele Bartoli University of Perugia, Italy
de Doncker Elise Western Michigan University, USA Degtyarev Alexander Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia Demyanov Vasily Heriot-Watt University, UK
Devai Frank London South Bank University, UK Di Fatta Giuseppe University of Reading, UK
Dias Joana University of Coimbra, Portugal Dilo Arta University of Twente, The Netherlands El-Zawawy Mohamed A. Cairo University, Egypt
Epicoco Italo Universitàdel Salento, Italy Escalona Maria-Jose University of Seville, Spain Falcinelli Stefano University of Perugia, Italy Faginas-Lago M. Noelia University of Perugia, Italy Falcão M. Irene University of Minho, Portugal Famiano Michael Western Michigan University, USA Fattoruso Grazia ENEA, Italy
Fernandes Florbela Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Braganca, Portugal
Fernandes Paula Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Portugal Ferraro Petrillo Umberto University of Rome“La Sapienza”, Italy
Ferreira Fernanda Escola Superior de Estudos Industriais e de Gestão, Portugal
Ferrão Maria Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal Figueiredo Manuel Carlos Universidade do Minho, Portugal Fiorini Lorena Universitàdegli Studi dell’Aquila, Italy Florez Hector Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas,
Colombia
Franzoni Valentina University of Perugia, Italy
Freitau Adelaide de Fátima Baptista Valente
University of Aveiro, Portugal
Gabrani Goldie Bml Munjal University, India Garau Chiara University of Cagliari, Italy
Garcia Ernesto University of the Basque Country, Spain Gavrilova Marina University of Calgary, Canada
Gervasi Osvaldo University of Perugia, Italy Gioia Andrea University of Bari, Italy Giorgi Giacomo University of Perugia, Italy
Giuliani Felice Universitàdegli Studi di Parma, Italy Goel Rajat University of Southern California, USA Gonçalves Arminda
Manuela
University of Minho, Portugal
Gorbachev Yuriy Geolink Technologies, Russia Gordon-Ross Ann University of Florida, USA
Goyal Rinkaj Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, India Grilli Luca University of Perugia, Italy
Goyal Rinkaj GGS Indraprastha University, India
Guerra Eduardo National Institute for Space Research, Brazil Gumgum Sevin İzmir Ekonomi Üniversitesi, Turkey
Gülen Kemal Güven Istanbul Ticaret University, Turkey Hacızade Ulviye Haliç Üniversitesi Uluslararas, Turkey Han Longzhe Nanchang Institute of Technology, Korea Hanzl Malgorzata University of Lodz, Poland
Hayashi Masaki University of Calgary, Canada
He Youguo Jiangsu University, China
Hegedus Peter University of Szeged, Hungary Herawan Tutut Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia Ignaccolo Matteo University of Catania, Italy
Imakura Akira University of Tsukuba, Japan Inceoglu Mustafa Ege University, Turkey
Jagwani Priti Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Jang Jeongsook Brown University, Korea
Kawana Kojiro University of Tokio, Japan Kayes Abu S. M. La Trobe University, Australia
Kim JeongAh George Fox University, USA
Korkhov Vladimir St. Petersburg State University, Russia Kulabukhova Nataliia Saint-Peterburg State University, Russia Kumar Pawan Expert Software Consultants Ltd., India Laccetti Giuliano Universitàdegli Studi di Napoli, Italy LaganàAntonio Master-up srl, Italy
Laricchiuta Annarita CNR-IMIP, Italy Lazzari Maurizio CNR IBAM, Italy
Lee Soojin Cyber Security Lab, Korea
Leon Marcelo Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena–UPSE, Ecuador
Lim Ilkyun Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
Lourenço Vanda Marisa University Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Mancinelli Luca University of Dublin, Ireland Mangiameli Michele University of Catania, Italy
Markov Krassimiri Institute for Information Theories and Applications, Bulgaria
Marques Jorge Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
Marvuglia Antonino Public Research Centre Henri Tudor, Luxembourg Mateos Cristian Universidad Nacional del Centro, Argentina Matsufuru Hideo High Energy Accelerator Research, Japan Maurizio Crispini Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Medvet Eric University of Trieste, Italy
Mengoni Paolo Universitàdegli Studi di Firenze, Italy Mesiti Marco Universitàdegli studi di Milano, Italy
Millham Richard Durban University of Technology, South Africa Misra Sanjay Covenant University, Nigeria
Mishra Anurag Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany Mishra Biswajeeban University of Szeged, Hungary
Moscato Pablo University of Newcastle, Australia Moura Pires Joao Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Moura Ricardo Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Mourao Maria Universidade do Minho, Portugal Mukhopadhyay Asish University of Windsor, Canada Murgante Beniamino University of Basilicata, Italy Nakasato Naohito University of Aizu, Japan
Nguyen Tien Dzung Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Nicolosi Vittorio University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy Ogihara Mitsunori University of Miami, USA
Oh Sangyoon Ajou University, Korea
Oliveira Irene University of Trás-Os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal Oluranti Jonathan Covenant University, Nigeria
Ozturk Savas The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Turkey
P. Costa M. Fernanda University of Minho, Portugal Paek Yunheung Seoul National University, Korea
Pancham Jay Durban University of Technology, South Africa Pantazis Dimos Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Greek Paolucci Michela Universitàdegli Studi di Firenze, Italy
Pardede Eric La Trobe University, Australia Park Hyun Kyoo Petabi Corp, Korea
Passaro Tommaso University of Bari, Italy
Pereira Ana Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Portugal Peschechera Giuseppe University of Bari, Italy
Petri Massimiliano Universitàdi Pisa, Italy
Pham Quoc Trung Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam Piemonte Andrea Universitàdi Pisa, Italy
Pinna Francesco Universitàdegli Studi di Cagliari, Italy Pinto Telmo University of Minho, Portugal
Pollino Maurizio ENEA, Italy
Pulimeno Marco University of Salento, Italy Rahayu Wenny La Trobe University, Australia
Rao S. V. Duke Clinical Research, USA
Raza Syed Muhammad Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Reis Ferreira Gomes Karine National Institute for Space Research, Brazil Reis Marco Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
Rimola Albert Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain Rocha Ana Maria University of Minho, Portugal
Rocha Humberto University of Coimbra, Portugal Rodriguez Daniel The University of Queensland, Australia Ryu Yeonseung Myongji University, South Korea
Sahni Himantikka CRISIL Global Research and Analytics, India Sahoo Kshira Sagar C. V. Raman College of Engineering, India Santos Maribel Yasmina University of Minho, Portugal
Santos Rafael KU Leuven, Belgium
Saponaro Mirko Politecnico di Bari, Italy Scorza Francesco Universitàdella Basilicata, Italy Sdao Francesco Universitàdella Basilicata, Italy
Shen Jie University of Southampton, UK
Shintani Takahiko University of Electro-Communications, Japan Shoaib Muhammad Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Silva-Fortes Carina ESTeSL-IPL, Portugal
Singh V. B. University of Delhi, India Skouteris Dimitrios SNS, Italy
Soares Inês INESCC and IPATIMUP, Portugal
Sosnin Petr Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Russia Souza Erica Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Stankova Elena Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia Sumida Yasuaki Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan Tanaka Kazuaki Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan Tapia-McClung Rodrigo CentroGeo, Mexico
Tarantino Eufemia Politecnico di Bari, Italy Tasso Sergio University of Perugia, Italy
Teixeira Ana Paula Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal Tengku Adil La Trobe University, Australia
Teodoro M. Filomena Lisbon University, Portugal
Tiwari Sunita King George’s Medical University, India Torre Carmelo Maria Polytechnic of Bari, Italy
Torrisi Vincenza University of Catania, Italy Totaro Vincenzo Politecnico di Bari, Italy
Tran Manh Hung Institute for Research and Executive Education, Vietnam
Tripathi Aprna GLA University, India Trunfio Giuseppe A. University of Sassari, Italy
Tóth Zoltán Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary Uchibayashi Toshihiro Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan
Ugliengo Piero University of Torino, Italy Ullman Holly University of Delaware, USA
Vallverdu Jordi Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain Valuev Ilya Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Vasyunin Dmitry University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Vohra Varun University of Electro-Communications, Japan Voit Nikolay Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Russia Wale Azeez Nurayhn University of Lagos, Nigeria
Walkowiak Krzysztof Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland Wallace Richard J. Univeristy of Texas, USA
Waluyo Agustinus Borgy Monash University, Australia
Westad Frank CAMO Software AS, USA
Wole Adewumi Covenant University, Nigeria
Xie Y. H. Bell Laboratories, USA
Yamauchi Toshihiro Okayama University, Japan Yamazaki Takeshi University of Tokyo, Japan Yao Fenghui Tennessee State University, USA
Yoki Karl Catholic University of Daegu, South Korea Yoshiura Noriaki Saitama University, Japan
Yuasa Fukuko High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Korea Zamperlin Paola University of Florence, Italy
Zollo Fabiana University of Venice“CàFoscari”, Italy Zullo Francesco University of L’Aquila, Italy
Sponsoring Organizations
ICCSA 2018 would not have been possible without the tremendous support of many organizations and institutions, for which all organizers and participants of ICCSA 2018 express their sincere gratitude:
Springer International Publishing AG, Germany (http://www.springer.com)
Monash University, Australia (http://monash.edu)
University of Perugia, Italy (http://www.unipg.it)
University of Basilicata, Italy (http://www.unibas.it)
Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan (www.kyusan-u.ac.jp)
Universidade do Minho, Portugal (http://www.uminho.pt)
New Frontiers in Cloud Computing for Big
Data and Internet-of-Things (IoT) Applications
Rajkumar Buyya1,2
1Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Lab, The University of Melbourne, Australia
2
Manjrasoft Pvt Ltd., Melbourne, Australia
Abstract.Computing is being transformed to a model consisting of services that are commoditised and delivered in a manner similar to utilities such as water, electricity, gas, and telephony. Several computing paradigms have promised to deliver this utility computing vision. Cloud computing has emerged as one of the buzzwords in the IT industry and turned the vision of“computing utili-ties”into a reality.
Clouds deliver infrastructure, platform, and software (application) as services, which are made available as subscription-based services in a pay-as-you-go model to con-sumers. Cloud application platforms need to offer
1. APIs and tools for rapid creation of elastic applications and
2. a runtime system for deployment of applications on geographically distributed computing infrastructure in a seamless manner.
The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm enables seamless integration of cyber-and-physical worlds and opening up opportunities for creating newclass of applications for domains such as smart cities. The emerging Fog computing is extending Cloud computing paradigm to edge resources for latency sensitive IoT applications.
This keynote presentation will cover:
a. 21st century vision of computing and identifies various IT paradigms promising to deliver the vision of computing utilities;
b. opportunities and challenges for utility and market-oriented Cloud computing, c. innovative architecture for creating market-oriented and elastic Clouds by
har-nessing virtualisation technologies;
d. Aneka, a Cloud Application Platform, for rapid development of Cloud/Big Data applications and their deployment on private/public Clouds with resource provi-sioning driven by SLAs;
f. directions for delivering our 21st century vision along with pathways for future research in Cloud and Fog computing.
Short Bio Dr. Rajkumar Buyya is a Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor and Director of the Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory at the University of Melbourne, Australia. He is also serving as the founding CEO of Manjrasoft, a spin-off company of the University, commercializing its innovations in Cloud Computing. He served as a Future Fellow of the Australian Research Council during 2012-2016. He has authored over 625 publications and seven text books including“Mastering Cloud Computing”published by McGraw Hill, China Machine Press, and Morgan Kaufmann for Indian, Chinese and international markets respec-tively. He also edited several books including “Cloud Computing: Principles and Paradigms”(Wiley Press, USA, Feb 2011).
He is one of the highly cited authors in computer science and software engineering worldwide (h-index = 117, g-index = 255, 70,500 + citations). Dr. Buyya is recognized as a“Web of Science Highly Cited Researcher”in both 2016 and 2017 by Thomson Reuters, a Fellow of IEEE, and Scopus Researcher of the Year 2017 with Excellence in Innovative Research Award by Elsevier for his outstanding contributions to Cloud computing.
Software technologies for Grid and Cloud computing developed under Dr. Buyya’s leadership have gained rapid acceptance and are in use at several academic institutions and commercial enterprises in 40 countries around the world. Dr. Buyya has led the establishment and development of key community activities, including serving as foundation Chair of the IEEE Technical Committee on Scalable Computing andfive IEEE/ACM conferences. These contributions and international research leadership of Dr. Buyya are recognized through the award of“2009 IEEE Medal for Excellence in Scalable Computing”from the IEEE Computer Society TCSC.
Manjrasoft’s Aneka Cloud technology developed under his leadership has received “2010 Frost & Sullivan New Product Innovation Award”. He served as the founding Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing. He is currently serving as Co-Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Software: Practice and Experience, which was established over 45 years ago. For further information on Dr. Buyya, please visit his cyberhome:www.buyya.com.
Approximation Problems for Digital Image
Processing and Applications
Gianluca Vinti
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Perugia, Italy
Abstract.In this talk, some approximation problems are discussed with appli-cations to reconstruction and to digital image processing. We will also show some applications to concrete problems in the medical and engineeringfields. Regarding the first, a procedure will be presented, based on approaches of approximation theory and on algorithms of digital image processing for the diagnosis of aneurysmal diseases; in particular we discuss the extraction of the pervious lumen of the artery starting from CT image without contrast medium. As concerns the engineeringfield, thermographic images are analyzed for the study of thermal bridges and for the structural and dynamic analysis of build-ings, working therefore in thefield of energy analysis and seismic vulnerability of buildings, respectively.
Short BioGianluca Vinti is Full Professor of Mathematical Analysis at the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science of the University of Perugia. He is Director of the Department since 2014 and member of the Academic Senate of the University. Member of the Board of the Italian Mathematical Union since 2006, member of the “Scientific Council of the GNAMPA-INdAM“(National Group for the Mathematical Analysis, the Probability and their Applications) since 2013, Referent for the Mathe-matics of the Educational Center of the“Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei”at Perugia since 2013 and Member of the Academic Board of the Ph.D. in Mathematics, Com-puter Science, Statistics organized in consortium (C.I.A.F.M.) among the University of Perugia (Italy), University of Florence (Italy) and the INdAM (National Institute of High Mathematics).
Contents
–
Part III
Workshop Econometrics and Multidimensional Evaluation in the Urban Environment (EMEUE 2018)
Decision Support Model for Conservation, Reuse and Valorization
of the Historic Cultural Heritage . . . 3 Lucia Della Spina and Francesco Calabrò
Predicting Student Dropouts in Higher Education Using Supervised
Classification Algorithms . . . 18 Antonella Serra, Paola Perchinunno, and Massimo Bilancia
A Procedure for Determining the Industrial Profitability of Settlement
Interventions in the Appraisal of Exceptional Contribution of Urbanisation. . . 34 Fabrizio Battisti and Orazio Campo
The Positioning of Italian Universities in the International Rankings . . . 51 Monica Cazzolle, Paola Perchinunno, and Vito Ricci
Performance Evaluation of Waste Materials in Construction
for Sustainability. . . 69 Mercedes del Río Merino, Marica Sorrentino,
Carmelo Maria Torre, and Paola Villoria-Sáez
Multi-Stakeholder Spatial Decision Analysis (M-SSDA) for a Culture-Led
Regeneration Strategy . . . 84 Raffaella Amistàand Maria Cerreta
Workshop Future Computing Systems, Technologies, and Applications (FiSTA 2018)
Towards a User-Friendly Solution for Collaboratively Managing
a Developed Ontology . . . 103 R. M. D. C. Rathnayaka, A. I. Walisadeera, M. D. J. S. Goonathilake,
and A. Ginige
A Semi-automatic Approach to Collaboratively Populate an Ontology
for Ontology-Illiterate Users . . . 120 R. A. O. M. P. D. Akmeemana, A. I. Walisadeera,
M. D. J. S. Goonathilake, and A. Ginige
A Browser Application for Keyword Recommendation Based on User
Web Search . . . 147 Chen Kuo and Noriaki Yoshiura
Local Clock Offset and Drift Estimation Between Neighbor Wireless
Sensor Nodes . . . 163 Ayako Arao and Hiroaki Higaki
Toward a Secure VM Migration Control Mechanism Using Blockchain
Technique for Cloud Computing Environment . . . 177 Toshihiro Uchibayashi, Bernady Apduhan, Takuo Suganuma,
and Masahiro Hiji
Workshop Geographical Analysis, Urban Modeling, Spatial Statistics (GEO-AND-MOD 2018)
Using Geographic Information System and Simulated Annealing
for Optimizing the Railway Design . . . 189 Ali Mousanejad, Alireza Vafaeinejad, and Kamyar Eslami
Scenarios of Sediment Transport Management in Francia Creek,
Valparaiso, Chile . . . 205 Vladimir J. Alarcon and Claudio Magrini
Safety of Physical Assets: A Ranking Method
and Its GIS Implementation . . . 219 Paolino Di Felice, Luigi Pomante, and Antonello Di Felice
Spatial Data Warehouse and Spatial OLAP in Indoor/Outdoor
Cultural Environments . . . 233 Mauro Mazzei and Salvatore Di Guida
Multiple Fabric Assessment: Focus on Method Versatility and Flexibility. . . . 251 Alessandro Araldi, Joan Perez, Giovanni Fusco, and Takashi Fuse
Web-Based GIS Platform for Automatic Prediction of Earthquakes . . . 268 Valeri G. Gitis and Alexander B. Derendyaev
GIS Applications in Costal Transport: The Co.Tr.I.S Case
and Its Contribution Towards the Islands Sustainable Smartification . . . 284 Dimos N. Pantazis, Vassilios C. Moussas, Panagiotis Stratakis,
Dimitris Stathakis, and Eleni Gkadolou
Building-Level Change Detection from Large-Scale Historical Vector Data
by Using Direct and a Three-Tier Post-classification Comparison . . . 300 Masroor Hussain and Dongmei Chen
GPS-GIS for the Identification of a New Air Approach Path Through
RNAV Procedure . . . 317 Vincenzo Barrile, Antonino Fotia, and Giuliana Bilotta
Building Extraction in High Spatial Resolution Images Using Deep
Learning Techniques . . . 327 Ashvitha R. Shetty and B. Krishna Mohan
Servicification–Trend or Paradigm Shift in Geospatial Data Processing? . . . 339 Andreas Fricke, Jürgen Döllner, and Hartmut Asche
Towards Automatic Assessment of Perceived Walkability . . . 351 Ivan Blečić, Arnaldo Cecchini, and Giuseppe A. Trunfio
Rockfall Source Areas Assessment in an Area of the Pollino National Park
(Southern Italy). . . 366 Rosalba Muzzillo, Lucia Losasso, and Francesco Sdao
Workshop Web-Based Collective Evolutionary Systems: Models, Measures, Applications (IWCES 2018)
FAiR: A Framework for Analyses and Evaluations
on Recommender Systems . . . 383 Diego Carvalho, Nícollas Silva, Thiago Silveira, Fernando Mourão,
Adriano Pereira, Diego Dias, and Leonardo Rocha Clustering Students Interactions in eLearning Systems
for Group Elicitation . . . 398 Paolo Mengoni, Alfredo Milani, and Yuanxi Li
Community Graph Elicitation from Students’Interactions in Virtual
Learning Environments . . . 414 Paolo Mengoni, Alfredo Milani, and Yuanxi Li
Workshop Large Scale Computational Physics (LSCP 2018)
The Effects of Loss of Orthogonality on Large Scale
Numerical Computations . . . 429 Christopher C. Paige
Simulation of Supernova Explosion Accelerated on GPU: Spherically
Symmetric Neutrino-Radiation Hydrodynamics . . . 440 Hideo Matsufuru and Kohsuke Sumiyoshi
Practical Implementation of Lattice QCD Simulation on SIMD Machines
with Intel AVX-512 . . . 456 Issaku Kanamori and Hideo Matsufuru
Workshop Land Use Monitoring for Soil Consumption Reduction (LUMS 2018)
From the District Model to an Analysis by Specializations, Concentrations and Productive Clusters: The Localization of Economic
Activities in Puglia . . . 475 Paola Perchinunno, Silvestro Montrone, and Carmelo Maria Torre
Post-normal Rationality in Assessment of Environmental Damage
and Environmental Risk . . . 490 Carmelo Maria Torre, Pierluigi Morano, and Francesco Tajani
Urban Vulnerability Assessment: Towards a Cross-Scale
Spatial Multi-criteria Approach . . . 502 Maria Cerreta, Roberta Mele, and Giuliano Poli
Workshop Mobile Communications (MC 2018)
Performance Analysis of Different Multiband RF Energy Harvesting
Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks . . . 521 Saswati Ghosh and Debarati Sen
Efficient Video Delivery by Leveraging Playback Buffers over Software
Defined Networking . . . 531 Joonbeom Ahn, Syed M. Raza, Sanggil Yeoum, and Hyunseung Choo
Personalized Service Degradation Policies on OTT Applications Based
on the Consumption Behavior of Users . . . 543 Juan Sebastián Rojas,Álvaro Rendón Gallón, and Juan Carlos Corrales
Relay Selection Scheme for Cooperative Backscatter Communications
Networks . . . 558 Daniyal Munir, Danish Mehmood Mughal, Tahira Mahboob,
and Min Young Chung
Workshop Is a smart city really smart? Models, Solutions, Proposals for an Effective Urban and Social
Development (Smart Cities 2018)
How has Cagliari Changed Its Citizens in Smart Citizens? Exploring
the Influence of ITS Technology on Urban Social Interactions . . . 573 Mauro Coni, Chiara Garau, and Francesco Pinna
Understanding Kid-Friendly Urban Space for a More Inclusive Smart City:
The Case Study of Cagliari (Italy). . . 589 Alfonso Annunziata and Chiara Garau
Home-School Routes and Child Psychology: The Smartness
in Small Steps . . . 606 Francesco Pinna, Mauro Coni, Francesca Maltinti, and Silvia Portas
Innovative Transport Systems to Promote Sustainable Mobility: Developing
the Model Architecture of a Traffic Control and Supervisor System. . . 622 Vincenza Torrisi, Matteo Ignaccolo, and Giuseppe Inturri
Smart City Governance Strategies to Better Move Towards
a Smart Urbanism . . . 639 Margherita Azzari, Chiara Garau, Paolo Nesi, Michela Paolucci,
and Paola Zamperlin
City Dashboards and the Achilles’Heel of Smart Cities: Putting
Governance in Action and in Space. . . 654 Ginevra Balletto, Giuseppe Borruso, and Carlo Donato
Workshop Advances in Spatio-Temporal Analytics (ST-Analytics 2018)
Spatial-HTM: A MapReduce-Based System for Querying Spatial Data
with the Hierarchical Triangular Mesh . . . 671 Jiabao Yan, Haojia Zuo, Ying Zhao, and Yingyu Li
Decision Support Model for Conservation,
Reuse and Valorization of the Historic Cultural
Heritage
Lucia Della Spina(&)and Francesco Calabrò Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
lucia.dellaspina@unirc.it
Abstract. In the last twenty years the policies of conservation of cultural heritage have become central policies among the European community. This is due to the importance attributed to the use of heritage as cultural capital and as a potential factor for tourism; another reason is represented by the objective of supporting the importance of cultural values for the identity of the territories, for its intrinsic value and as an investment for the cultural, social and economic development.
Starting from the application of the Discounted Cash-Flow Analysis, the study support the public decision to locate the best appropriate use (Highest and Best Use) relating to the conservation and reuse of a historic building located in Southern (Italy).
Different scenarios are considered and evaluated from the point of view of the public and private convenience considering the Internal Rate of Return and the Net Present Value indicators. Thefinal results are also verified by means of specific sensitivity analyses that allow the validity of the proposed model to be tested.
Keywords: Decision support model
Valorization
Scenarios analysis Discounted Cash-Flow Analysis
Feasibility analysis
Pay Back Period Sensitivity analysis
1 Introduction
In the last twenty years the policies of conservation of cultural heritage have become central policies among the European community. This is due to the importance attributed to the use of heritage as cultural capital and as a potential factor for tourism; another reason is represented by the objective of supporting the importance of cultural values for the identity of the territories, for its intrinsic value and as an investment for the cultural, social and economic development [1].
From a strictly economic point of view, the project of conservation and valorization of a historic building represents a moment of creation of values and surplus values [2,3].
According to the principle of sustainable protection of public real estate transferred to private individuals, the verification of re-use choices has the objective of ensuring the preservation of cultural values in the actions for the valorization of existing building ©Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
resources. In particular, the new functions must be able not only to protect the identity of the asset, but also to guarantee a significant growth of economic and social values [4].
The expectations of the community are determining in the definition of reuse strategies, which can contribute to improving the quality of life, increasing functional equipment, infrastructures and services, with positive repercussions on the socio-economic context. On the contrary, the choices of reuse are often implemented in the absence of large-scale strategies that able to achieve the integration between the physical, economic and social values expressed by the artefacts to be recovered and by the contexts in which they are inserted.
The intervention on architectural and cultural resources also calls into question specific assessment and economic questions from the assessment of the value of the public real-estate assets and resources under analysis, to the evaluation offinancial, economic and management convenience, in relation to the various subjects involved. The study focused on the specific aspect, linked to the central question of the choice of the use and the functions to be inserted, to be confirmed and/or optimized [5].
The market analysis, the forecasting of the cultural consumptions, the analysis of the costs and the evaluation of returns and benefits are just a few, significant points to be explored and, case-by-case basis, to be examined in greater depth, to lead the choices and the investments of public administrations that are increasingly constrained byfinancial hardship and scarcity of public resources [6–9].
The step of the preventive analysis and of thefinancial sustainability is aimed at investigating the profitability of the reuse alternatives in the hypothesis of concession to a private entity, which could be entrusted with the designing, restructuring and man-agement of the public asset for a given period.
Starting from the application of the Discounted Cash-Flow Analysis (DCFA), the study support the public decision to locate the best appropriate use (Highest and Best Use) [10] relating to the conservation and reuse of a historic building located in Southern Italy [11–13].
According to the point of view of the public and private convenience, different scenarios are considered and evaluated considering the Internal Rate of Return and the Net Present Value indicators. Thefinal results are also verified by means of specific sensitivity analyses that allow the validity of the proposed model to be tested.
2 The Case Study
The case study is represented by one of the most prestigious public real-estate assets located in the village of Gerace (Southern Italy):“Palazzo Sant’Anna”(see Fig.1).
The building, whose origins seem to date back to the fourteenth century, has a privileged position as it is located above the‘Bombarde’ belvedere overlooking the valley. It was born as a monastic complex whose original structure is still readable despite the changes stratified over time. The Church of“Sant’Anna”and the rooms of the vicarage, owned by the Curia, are an integral part of the building.
few years ago housed the activities of a hotel. On thefirst level there are the kitchens with the annexed service rooms, different rooms and the reception: these rooms are covered with barrel vaults except for one with a large cross vault. This room is paved with parquet strips while the rest of the rooms are characterized by terracotta tiles and anti-slip material that is suitable for service areas. On the second level there are additional dining rooms, eleven rooms provided with bathroom; part of these ones
Fig. 1. Case study:“Palazzo Sant’Anna”
overlook the glass-enclosed walkway that giving on the cloister through afilter cor-ridor. Over the course of time the original courtyard has been joined by two other buildings, thereby increasing the surface of the building to about 1180 square meters (see Fig.2). The rooms of this level are paved entirely with the same type of parquet present at the lower level. The windows are made of wood, according to the original’s. All the rooms are covered with layers of plaster which do not leave a glimpse of the wall texture. In addition to the two stairwells, an elevator connects the two floors internally. The pitched roof of the building is characterized by wooden trusses that make up the main warping, the purlins that make up the secondary frame, the planks and the mantle in shingles in terracotta. The large terrace, near the Bombarde, is connected to the main body by a ramp.
The general state of conservation is not in negative condition, since there are no structural movements or lesions of any kind. However, in order to make the building usable again, some interventions aimed at restoring degradation caused by the use of the structure and the natural deterioration of the elements are still necessary. One of the first problems concerns rising damp, typical of thefirst levels of historic buildings, due to the deterioration of the plasters and the finishing layers. Similarly, for the roof, a small part of the roof shingles in terracotta was blown away by the wind, also due to the location of the building, which is directly exposed to the winds blowing from the sea. The externalflooring is entirely to be replaced, unlike the internal one in parquet strips Fig. 2. Layout of the“Palazzo S. Anna”- current functional model. Legend: c. cloister; 1. breakfast room; 2. reception; 3. kitchen breakfasts; 4. atrium; 5. kitchen stores; 6. kitchen; 7. bathroom, 8. bathroomsfirst level, 9. elevator, 10. premises of ecclesiastical property; 11. gallery, ramp and terrace; 12. kitchen pizzeria; 13. pizzeria room; 14. Pizzeria’s bathrooms; 15. dining room; 16. rooms; 17. breakfast room and bar; 18. wide corridor often used for dining room; 19. small dining hall; 20. common bathrooms; 21. deposits; 22. zonefilter to the stairs and lift room.
which requires only the replacement of some deteriorated elements and subsequent surface lamatura. Finally, for the external windows, interventions are necessary to make them efficient again.
3 Methodology
Due to the non-use and advancing of the physical degradation of the structures, today the building object of study only represents a cost for the Municipal Administration. In the hypothesis of its valorization it can instead represent an opportunity for economic development of considerable importance if and only if a careful evaluation of feasibility is made on the choice of the functional alternative that pursues the economic highest and best use for the asset, in the context of possible uses permitted by legal norms.
To reach the goal, we resorted to the Highest and Best Use Analysis (HBU), a preliminary assessment technique that allows to identify the economic highest and best use among the possible uses, technically, physically and legally possible for a asset, considering its peculiarities, the needs of the context and of the owners of the building. The process of this analysis is therefore based on the conformity of some decision-making rules of the various hypothesis of building’s uses, according to which such destinations must be feasibility, financially sustainable and must represent the most convenient from an economic point of view [14].
In order to support the design of re-use alternatives, were taken into consideration the main categories of stakeholders with different levels of interest/power, for each of them an analysis was developed, in order to requirements to thefinal users; technical-functional aspects: business criteria; sector-specific rules in the designing of spaces [15,16].
The HBU allows to evaluate the most profitable destination for a real estate, that is the functional alternative able to produce higher income; this is possible starting from the assumption that potential managers are willing to pay a rent that reflects their expectations about the most profitable use of the resource, between those legally permitted and physically possible. The decisions in the field of investments, by a private operator, depend in fact on the profitability expectations of the subject who would carry out the investment; these decisions can be verified by economic-financial forecasting tools that lead to formulate an economic judgment on the feasibility of the valorization project [17–19].
Starting from the current physical state of the asset, to assess the various functional scenarios, the criterion of economic-financial convenience was used through the Dis-counted Cash-Flow Analysis (DCFA). This in order to investigate the profitability of the alternatives in the hypothesis of concession to a private investor entity, which would be entrusted the planning, restructuring and management of Palazzo Sant’Anna for twelve years, while the Administration would collect for the duration of the con-cession a annual fee, with the exception of thefirst year and a fee reduced by half to the second year.
annual cashflows with an appropriate rate discounting, and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The IRR is that interest rate (or discount) determined by the return on the invested capital. In other words, the IRR is the rate that cancels the VAN, or that rate which makes the positive and negative cashflows of an intervention equivalent and therefore represents the profitability of the investment.
In the calculation of the NPV, the reference time frame considered is nine years, as required by the law on leases for hotel activities pursuant to law no. 392/1978. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was carried out considering two discount rates at 5% and 8%.
Moreover, the Break-even Analysis allowed, instead to know the break-even point between costs and revenues and therefore to quantify the period of time necessary for the recovery of the initial disbursement sustained [20–22].
Finally, it was assumed that the Administration will divest the use of the property for consideration to a hypothetical private manager, that will manage the activities planned for the structure and will bear not only of the operating costs resulting from the implementation of the activities, but also of the costs related to the restructuring, ordinary maintenance, annual provisions for the extraordinary maintenance as well as the purchase of equipment and furnishings useful for carrying out the activities.
4 Functional Scenarios
Below are the scenarios identified according to the stakeholders involved in the design of the intended use.
4.1 Scenario 1: The Current Functional Model
This scenario involves the renewal of the current accommodation structure, which currently features 11 rooms, 25 beds, a restaurant with 110 seats, a pizzeria, and a meeting room maintaining the pre-existing internal functional distribution (see Fig.2). For this scenario, it is highlight the considerable management difficulty found also by the previous management experience due to the dispersive functional dislocation of the kitchens (on thefirst level) and the restaurant halls on the second level (see Fig.2). In order to make the building available again, a total investment of€1.045.000,00 was estimated, of which € 645.000,00 for the recovery/restructuring cost and € 400.000,00 for the completion of equipment and furnishings (see Table1).
Table 1. Scenario 1 - total investment Total intervention costs €540.000,00 Technical costs + unexpected costs €105.000,00 Total recovery/restructuring cost €645.000,00 Total equipment and furnishings €380.000,00
Technical costs €20.000,00
Total equipment and furnishings €400.000,00
Total investment €1.045,000.00
According to the HBU procedure, the scenario have been evaluated in order to verify:
– Technical Feasibility: the planned interventions are all compatible and consistent with the historical structure, indeed, they are aimed at improving the conditions of usability.
– Juridical Feasibility: the planned interventions and the envisaged functions of the building is legally compliant. Since no variations have been proposed from the point of view of volume and structural, the building responds to the regulations on seismic safety in force. Furthermore, despite being a historic building, is not subject to monumental bonds pursuant to Legislative Decree 22 January 2004, n. 42, but as a historical building built for more than seventy years, it is subjected to the pro-visions of safeguard dictated by the Code until the verification of cultural interest has been carried out (articles 10–12, D.Lgs. 42/2004). Moreover, according to the D.M. of 21/09/1984 published on the G.U. n. 265 of 26/09/1984, building’s area is subject to a restriction related to the natural beauties of the Province of Reggio Calabria.
– Economic-Financial Feasibility. After the estimation of the recovery cost, have been evaluated the management cost, taking into account the cost of personnel, utilities, the cost of raw materials relating to the restaurant, costs for ordinary and extraor-dinary maintenance of the building, furniture and equipment and otherfixed costs. The revenues from the aforementioned activities are then calculated, taking into account the current annual occupancy rate of the hotel facilities (6%, source ISTAT) [7,8].
Analyzing the indicators of profitability, NPV and IRR, calculated with an 8% discount rate, both the indicators have a negative value. Even using an optimistic discount rate equal to 5%, the situation does not change though it is considered for the manager the possibility of having a capital contribution of 50% of the investment.
Therefore, the scenario is not financially sustainable and this hypothesis is not economically advantageous (see Table2, Appendix1).
4.2 Scenario 2: Upgrade of the Accommodation Facility and Wellness Centre
This second scenario involves the upgrade the accommodation facility and the creation of a wellness centre. The number of beds will increase from 25 to 38, thanks to the construction of wooden mezzanines in some of the rooms. Outdoor gazebos with a
Table 2. Scenario 1 - indicators of profitability
Discount rate 8% Discount rate 5%
VAN -€941.710,38 VAN -€961.274,30
IRR – IRR –
Investment return time – Investment return time –
capacity of 200 seats will be built on the panoramic terrace on the groundfloor, in order to host banquets and events. The usability of the restaurant area will be improved with reference to the Scenario 1; to thefirst level the kitchen’s area will be extended in order to be able to include the equipment for the pizzeria. During the summer, as far as the restaurant total surface, there will be outdoor gazebos, light and removable, with a capacity of 200 seats. This will allow to host banquets and events for the period from June to September. By using part of the premises of the former pizzeria, the toilets will be created to support the external structures. The original restaurant area will be used exclusively as meeting room. Ultimately, in this second scenario the upgrade of the accommodation facility and the presence of the Wellness Centre will allow an increase of the potential demand (see Figs.3and 4).
It was estimated a total investment of€1.285.000,00, of which€860.000,00 for the recovery/restructuring cost and€ 405.000,00 for the equipment and furnishings (see Table3).
4.3 Scenario 3, Restaurant Activity Upgrade
In this scenario the original destination structure with 25 beds is kept unchanged, while they are widened and strengthened the catering activities, similar to the provisions in the Scenario 2 (see Fig.5).
Coherent with the planned activities, an investment amount of€ 1.200.000,00 is hypothesised, of which € 690.000,00 for recovery/restructuring operations (see Table4).
According to the HBU procedure, the scenario have been evaluated in order to verify:
– Technical feasibility: the planned interventions, as in the case above, are all feasible and compatible with the building. Even the proposed external structure will not be an element of negative impact on the building, as it is light and removable. – Legal feasibility: for this phase the considerations made for the first scenario are
valid. For the external structure destined to the restaurant will be required the necessary authorizations so that it can be assembled in the months of high and medium season.
– Economic and financial feasibility. Investment and management costs have been estimated refer on accommodation, catering, wellness centers and conferences, taking into account a slight improvement in the hotel occupancy rate. According to the strategies aimed at developing the tourism sector that has planned and which is implementing the municipal administration, revenues have been estimated. The
Fig. 4. Upgrade the accommodation facility
Table 3. Scenario 2 - total investment Total intervention costs €715.000,00 Technical costs + unexpected costs €145.000,00 Total recovery/restructuring cost €860.000,00 Total equipment and furnishings €405.000,00
Technical costs €20.000,00
Total purchases €425.000,00
Total investment €1.285.000,00
focal point is however the increase in the possibility of hosting banquets and the numbers of seats for the restaurant. This increase is due to the realisation of the external structure that will work for five months a year and to the improved and expansion of the kitchens, together with the income from the wellness center, which even if minimal, complete the offer of the structure.
Among the solutions proposed, this scenario complies with all the steps envisaged by the HBU, resulting in the most economically advantageous one.
In fact, analyzing the results obtained in both the two hypotheses, both with the discounting rate of 8% and 5%, it is clear that thefinancial sustainability is verified, with a good level of profitability, as also confirmed by the value of the TIR.
Fig. 5. Layout scenario 3. Legend: c. cloister; 1. restaurant 30 places; 2. reception; 3. services; 4. atrium; 5. kitchen stores; 6. kitchen; 7. bathroom; 8. kitchen extension; 9. elevator; 10. premises of ecclesiastical property; 11. gallery, terrace and gazebo; 12. additional first level services and wellness center locker rooms; 13. wellness center; 14. wellness center locker rooms; 15. meeting room; 16. rooms; 17. breakfast room and bar; 18. wide corridor; 19.filter room; 20. common bathrooms; 21. deposits; 22.filter zone to the stairs and lift
Table 4. Scenario 3 - total investment Total intervention costs €575.000,00 Technical costs + unexpected costs €115.000,00 Total recovery/restructuring cost €690.000,00 Total equipment and furnishings €485.000,00
Technical costs €25.000,00
Total purchases €510.000,00
Total investment €1.200.000,00