MENGGUNAKAN PERALATAN BENGKEL

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PENGENDALIAN BENGKEL

MENGGUNAKAN PERALATAN BENGKEL

ISI KANDUNGAN 1.1 Pengenalan

1.2 Alatan Tangan Asas 1.3 Alatan Penanda 1.4 Alatan Pemotong 1.5 Alatan Pengukuran 1.6 Alatan Berkuasa 1.7 Mesin Gerudi Tangan 1.8 Mesin Canai Tangan

1.9 Lain-lain Peralatan dan Mesin 1.10 Rumusan

1.1 Pengenalan

• Alatan tangan digunakan dalam proses melonggarkan dan mengetatkanscrew / bolt / nutdalam bidang Automotif.

• Alatan tangan mestilah sesuai dengan bahan dan tujuan untuk mengelakkan kerosakan pada alat tangan,screw, bolt,ataunut .

• Kemahiran mengendalikan alatan tangan dan faktor keselamatan semasa menggunakan alatan juga perlu dijaga.

Bolts, screws and nuts Types of bolts

Through Bolt Tap Bolt Stud Bolt

Types of Nuts

Palnut Self-Locking

Interference Collar

Self-Locking

Hex Slotted Hex Castle

(or Castellated)

Acorn Square

Hexagonal Head

Internal Hex (Allen)

Fluted Phillips Round Head

Flat Head

Fillister Head

Oval Head Various Types of Screw heads

Bolt and nut size indication

B

Hexagonal bolt Hexagonal nut

M 10 x 1.25 Pitch Nominal diameter (d) Metric Thread

Bolt and nut tightening torque

1kg (Mass)

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Bolt property class

Thread Pitch Standard tightening Torque (Nm.cm, lb.ft)

Head Mark 4 Head Mark 7

M5 0.8 3 ~ 4 (30 ~ 40, 2.2 ~ 2.9) 5 ~ 6 (50 ~ 60, 3.6 ~ 4.3)

M6 1.0 5 ~ 6 (50 ~ 60, 3.6 ~ 4.3) 9 ~ 11 (90 ~ 110, 6.5 ~ 8.0)

M8 1.25 12 ~ 15 (120 ~ 150, 9 ~ 11) 30 ~ 50 (300 ~ 500, 22 ~ 36)

M10 1.25 25 ~ 30 (250 ~ 300, 18 ~ 22) 60 ~ 80 (600 ~ 800, 43 ~ 58) M12 1.25 35 ~ 45 (350 ~ 450, 25 ~ 33) 120 ~ 140 (1,200 ~ 1,400, 85 ~

100)

M14 1.5 75 ~ 85 (750 ~ 850, 54 ~ 61) 120 ~ 140 (1,200 ~ 1,400, 85 ~ 100)

M16 1.5 110 ~ 130 (1,100 ~ 1,300, 80

~ 94)

180 ~ 210 (1,800 ~ 2,100, 130 ~ 150)

M18 1.5 160 ~ 180 (1,600 ~ 1,800,

116 ~ 130)

260 ~ 300 (2,600 ~ 3,000, 190 ~ 215)

M20 1.5 220 ~ 250 (2,200 ~ 2,500,

160 ~ 180)

360 ~ 420 (3,600 ~ 4,200, 260 ~ 300)

M22 1.5 290 ~ 330 (2,900 ~ 3,300,

210 ~ 240)

480 ~ 550 (4,800 ~ 5,500, 350 ~ 400)

M24 1.5 360 ~ 420 (3,600 ~ 4,200,

260 ~ 300)

610 ~ 700 (6,100 ~ 7,000, 440 ~ 505)

Punch

Corrective steps against tightening failures

Pipe wrench

Removal of Broken Bolt

Screw Extractor

Removal of Broken Bolt remained within the thread Using a screw extractor

Using another screw

Washers, pins and keys

Plain Spring Lock External Tooth Lock

Internal Tooth Lock

Lock Washer

Washer Nut (or screwhead)

Lock Washer Flat Washer

Split pin Taper pin Straight pin Roll pin

Pins

Keys

Square key Flat key Woodruff key

Correct usage of wrench and screwdriver

Safety Precautions

No good No good OK No good OK

Torque wrench and hydraulic press

Scale Pointer

Vernier Scale Handle

Pressure gauge

Cradle lock pin

Tap and die

Taper

Plug

Bottoming

Cutting oil Back out half a turn

Turn one turn forward

Round cutting die

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Garage jack, rigid rack and auto lift

Caster wheel

Handlebar Saddle seat

Saddle seat arm

Rigid Rack Auto Lift

Lift block

1.2 Alatan Tangan Asas

1. OPEN END WRENCH / (SPANNAR HUJUNG TERBUKA )

2. COMBINATION WRENCH (SPANNAR GABUNG)

3. ADJUSTABLE WRENCH (SPANNAR BOLEH LARAS)

4. T -WRENCH

5. SPARK PLUG OPENER

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6. FLAT HEAD SCREWDRIVER (SKRUDRIVER KEPALA LEPER)

7. PHILLIPS-HEAD SCREWDRIVER (SKRUDRIVER KEPALA BUNGA)

8. IMPACT SCREWDRIVER

9. TEST PEN

10. ALLEN KEY Contoh Skru Berkepala Heksagon

11. LUG WRENCH

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12. L – BAR

13. BALL-PEEN HAMMER

14. RUBBER MALLET

15. PLASTIC HAMMER

16. LOCKING-JAW PLIERS

17. SLIP-JOINT PLIERS

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18. LONG-NOSE PLIERS

19. SNAP-RING PLIERS

20. TYRE INFLATION GAUGE

21. AIR GUN

22. TYRE LEVER

Saiz kecil

Saiz besar

23. SCRAPER

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1.3 Alatan Penanda

1. SCRIBER(PENGARIT)

1.3 Alatan Penanda

2. CENTER PUNCH (PENANDA PUSAT)

Hujung Mata

Badan Kepala

1. 4 Alatan Pemotong

1. HACKSAW (GERGAJI BESI) Bingkai

Hulu

Bilah Nat

Pelaras

2. COMBINATION PLIERS (PLAYAR GABUNG)

3. SIDE-CUTTING PLIERS (PLAYAR PEMOTONG SISI)

4. CHISEL (PAHAT)

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5. FILES (KIKIR)

1.5 Alatan Pengukuran

1. STEEL RULER (PEMBARIS KELULI )

2. ENGINEERING TRY SQUARE ( SESIKU L )

3. FEELER GAUGE (TOLOK PERASA)

4. VERNIER CALIPER (ANGKUP VERNIER)

Bilah Kedalaman Skala

Utama Skala Skru

Rahang Dalam

Badan

4. VERNIER CALIPER (ANGKUP VERNIER)

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4. VERNIER CALIPER (ANGKUP VERNIER) Bacaan Skala Utama yang hampir dengan 1 mm

: 66 X 1.00 = 66.00 mm

Bacaan Skala Vernier senggatan yang ke-39 yang sejajar dengan skala satu garisan pada skala utama : 39 X 0.02 = 0.78 mm

Jumlah = 66.78 mm

Correct and incorrect usage of the Vernier Caliper

(Inside diameter) (Depth) Incorrect usage

Regular scale jaw Object to

be measured

Vernier scale jaw

Depth stick Regular scale

Correct usage

(Outside diameter)

A B C

5. MICROMETER

1. Bingkai 2. Andas 3. Spindal 4. Pengunci Spindal 5. Sarung 6. Jidal 7. Richet

Micrometer

click click click Clamp lock

Sleeve Anvil Spindle

Thimble Tapered nut

Ratchet stop

5. MICROMETER

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6. MULTIMETER

Analog Digital

7. BATTERY TESTER

8. HYDROMETER BATTERY

9. COMPRESSION TESTER

10. TYRE PRESSURE GAUGE

11. TYRE THREAD GAUGE

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12. AUTOMOTIVE SCAN TOOL

13. AUTOMOTIVE STRAIGHT EDGE

14. CYLINDER BORE DIAL GAUGE

1.6 Alatan Berkuasa (Power Tool)

1. IMPACT WRENCH

IMPACT SOCKET

2. AIR IMPACT SCREWDRIVER

3. BUFFING TOOLS

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4. HAND POLISH MACHINE

5. CUTTING MACHINE

1.7 Mesin Gerudi Tangan (Hand Drill) 1.8 Mesin Canai Tangan (Hand Grinder)

1.9 Lain-lain Peralatan / Mesin

1. VISE (RAGUM)

2. BEARING PULLER

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3. TORQUE WRENCH

SKALA / BACAAN TORQUE

VIDEO : KENDALIAN TORQUE WRENCH

4. OIL FILTER OPENER

JENIS RANTAI

JENIS TALI

JENIS PENUTUP JENIS GELANG

5. PISTON RING COMPRESSOR

6. PISTON RING OPENER

7. VALVE COMPRESSOR

8. VALVE SEAL OPENER

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9. VALVE LAPPER SET

10. TYRE VALVE CORE OPENER

Valve core

11. WEIGHT TOOL PLIERS

12. TYRE REPAIR KITS

13. AUTOMOTIVE STETHOSCOPE

14. ENGINE STAND

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15. ENGINE HOIST

VIDEO : KENDALIAN ENGINE HOIST VIDEO : MENGIKAT BOLT ENGINE

16. FLOOR JACK

VIDEO : KENDALIAN FLOOR JACK

17. CAR STAND

18. 2 – POST LIFT

VIDEO : KENDALIAN ENGINE HOIST

19. 4 – POST LIFT

20. SCISSOR LIFT

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1.10 RUMUSAN

Elakkan menggunakan alatan yang tumpul atau rosak untuk mengelakkan berlakunya kemalangan yang tidak diingini.

Alatan tangan mestilah sesuai dengan bahan dan tujuan untuk mengelakkan kerosakan pada alat tangan, screw, bolt,ataunut .

Sapukan minyak pada peralatan yang perlukan penjagaan bagi mengelakkan ianya berkarat.

Nyatakan alatan yang sesuai untuk mengetatkan jenis skru berikut.

A. Flat Head Screwdriver B. Impact Screwdriver C. Phillip s Screwdriver D. Combination Wrench

SOALAN PENGUKUHAN 1 :

Jawapan :

Nyatakan nama alatan yang digunakan untuk mengetatkan bolt pada rajah berikut :-

A. Ratchet B. Torque Wrench C. Combination Wrench D. Impact Wrench

SOALAN PENGUKUHAN 2 :

Jawapan :

Alatan berikut boleh digunakan untuk menanggalkan nat pada tayar kenderaan, KECUALI :

A. L-Bar B. Lug Wrench C. Air Gun D. Impact Wrench

SOALAN PENGUKUHAN 3 :

Jawapan :

Nyatakan nama alatan pada rajah berikut .

A. Adjustable Wrench B. Life Wrench C. Open End Wrench D. Combination Wrench

SOALAN PENGUKUHAN 4 :

Jawapan :

Kemalangan mungkin berlaku jika kerja tidak dilakukan dengan berhati-hati. Nyatakan nama mesin yang digunakan untuk jek kenderaan tersebut.

A. Engine Hoist B. 2-Post Lift C. 4-Post Lift D. Scissor Lift

SOALAN PENGUKUHAN 5 :

Jawapan :

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AKTIVITI AMALI

- Mengenal pasti peralatan di bengkel.

- Menyediakan peralatan bengkel.

- Menggunakan peralatan bengkel.

- Melaksanakan projek gegas (fitting).

- Merekodkan hasil pemeriksaan peralatan bengkel.