Ecosystems Biologi 2010 Universitas Airlangga | Bio… Life !!! ……….. Himbio… Jaya !!!

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54.1 Examples of terrestrial and marine food chains 54.2 A food web

54.3 Productivity of different ecosystems

54.4 Energy partitioning within a link of the food chain 54.5 An idealized pyramid of net productivity

54.6 Pyramids of standing crop biomass 54.7 A pyramid of numbers

54.8 A general model of nutrient cycling 54.9 The water cycle

54.10 The carbon cycle 54.11 The nitrogen cycle 54.12 The phosphorus cycle

54.15 The loss of nitrate from a deforested watershed in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest 54.16 Biological magnification of DDT in a food chain

54.17 The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide and average temperatures

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Contents 54.17 The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide