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A STRACT . A N N I G E R A H G A M A C Z I R H
V The Accuracy o f the Transla iton o f n a i s e n o d n
I P -ostmodiifer into Engilsh Fintie Post-modiifer and the n i d e il p p A y g e t a r t S n o it a l s n a r
T Tempo Magazine o fJanuary 21-27 ,2013. a m r a h D a t a n a S , s r e tt e L f o y tl u c a F , s r e tt e L h s il g n E f o t n e m tr a p e D : a tr a k a y g o Y . 3 1 0 2 , y ti s r e v i n U t s o p e ti n if n a i s e n o d n I f o y c a r u c c a n o it a l s n a rt e h t s e s s u c s i d y d u t s s i h T r e if i d o
m intoEngilshandt heaccuracyo fthe rtanslaitonsrtategiest ha tareappiled n
i Tempo Magazineo fJanuary21-27 ,2013 .Thedfiferences o fgramma rbetween e g a u g n a l h s il g n E d n a n a i s e n o d n
I s someitme scause misunderstanding especially e h t g n it a l s n a rt n e h
w Fintie Po -stmodi ifer .Therefore, t heaccurate rtanslaiton and e b o t d e d e e n e r a y g e t a rt s e h
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t some grammatica lerror sfound in the . n o it a l s n a
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V The Accuracy o f the Transla iton o f t s o P n a i s e n o d n
I -modiifer into Engilsh Fintie Post-modiifer and the n i d e il p p A y g e t a r t S n o it a l s n a r
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a r u k a e k g n a t n e t s a h a b m e m i n i i d u t
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d an dar i tejremahan in i adalah 74 . Nala i in i membuk itkan bahwa i s a k i d n ii d k i a b g n a y n a h a m e jr e T . k i a b g n a y n a h a m e jr e t n a k a p u r e m i n i n a h a m e jr e t i r a d % 5 1 i r a d h i b e l k a d it g n a y a s a h a b a t a t m a l a d n a h a l a s e k h a l m u j i r a d a w h a b i t k u b r e t t u b e s r e t i a li n i r a D . s k e t n a h u r u l e s e
k masihadabeberapakeselahan
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l resrticitve clause ke nn -o re tsricitve clause ,dar i ifntie post r e if i d o
m ke nn -o ifn tie post-modiifer ,atau dar irelaitve clause ke dalam kailmat . s a m i r a
D alah kedua ,nlia iyang diperoleh adalah 78,3 .Nlia iin idikatego irkan a w h a b n a k l u p m i s i d t a p a d , u ti a n e r a k h e l O . k i a b t a g n a s g n a y n a h a m e jr e t i a g a b e s i r a d n a h a m e jr e
t p -ost modiifer bahasa Indoenesia ke dalam p -ost modiifer bahasa .t a r u k a t u b e s r e t s ir g g n
1 I R E T P A H C N O I T C U D O R T N I .
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r e h t o h ti w s t c a r e t n i n a m u h a , e fi l y li a d n I . y t e i c o s r i e h t n i e v il e l p o e P f o t n e m u rt s n i n a s a e g a u g n a l e s u y e h T . r e h t o h c a e h ti w e t a c i n u m m o c d n a e l p o e p o w t r o n o it a c i n u m m o c y a w e n o r e h ti e e b n a c n o it a c i n u m m o c e h T . n o it a c i n u m m o c ,r e v e w o H . n o it a c i n u m m o c s y a
w people ilvei naheterogeneou ssocietysot hatt he
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T around t he
e h t o s l a t u b y r a l u b a c o v e h t y l n o t o n e c n e u lf n i e r u tl u c f o s e c n e r e f fi d e h T . d lr o w u t c u rt
s re ,semanitcs ,ands yntaxoft hel anguages .Thosedfiference scanbecomea
o t y tl u c if fi
d understand and rtansfer t he i deafrom a source l anguaget o at arge t
. s a e d i e h t y e v n o c o t e c i v e d a d e e n e l p o e p e h t t a h t o s e g a u g n a l i n u m m o c f o e c i v e d a s a , n o it a l s n a r
T caiton , ha s an impo tran t role in
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s view to
g n ir r e f s n a rt s i n o it a l s n a rt t a h t d n a t s r e d n u y ll a r e n e g e l p o e p s A . n o it a l s n a rt e n if e d n w o s i h s a h d r o ft a C , e g a u g n a l r e h t o n a o t e g a u g n a l e n o m o r f t x e t e h t f o a e d i e h t , n o it i n if e d a : s e g a u g n a l n o d e m r o fr e p n o it a r e p o n a s i n o it a l s n a r T “ s b u s f o s s e c o r
p ttiu itng a tex tin one language fo ra tex tin w a r d t s u m n o it a l s n a rt f o y r o e h t y n a , n e h t y lr a e l C . r e h t o n a
e g a u g n a l f o y r o e h t a n o p
u —a genera l ilnguisitc theory” .) 1 : 5 6 9 1 , d r o ft a C ( a m s a h h c i h w y r o e h t c it s i u g n il f o h c n a r b a s i n o it a l s n a rt , t n e m e t a t s s i h n
I ny
e g a u g n a l f o n o it a v r e s b o e h t m o r f n e k a t e r a s n o it a z il a r e n e g e h T . s n o it a z il a r e n e g l a i c o s n a m u h o t d e t a l e r y l e s o l c s i n o it a v r e s b o e h T . e fi l s ’ n a m u h n i g n i n e p p a h s i n o it a l s n a rt , g n it a l s n a rt f o s s e c o r p e h t n i , r e v o e r o M . r o i v a h e b d n a s n o it a u ti s e h t o t d e t a l e
r textua lmate ira lwhich l eadst o some classiifcaiton of l anguage ,so
. ) 0 2 : 5 6 9 1 , d r o ft a C ( t x e t e h t o t t n e l a v i u q e y ll a n o it a r e p o s i e g a u g n a l e h t t a h t s i h n i l l e B o t g n i d r o c c a , d r o ft a C m o r f t n e r e f fi
D Translaiton and
e c it c a r P d n a y r o e h T : g n it a l s n a r
T rtanslaiton i s the replacemen t o f a
a n i t n e l a v i u q e n a f o n o it a t n e s e r p e r a y b e g a u g n a l e n o n i t x e t a f o n o it a t n e s e r p e r r o r a li m i s e b d l u o h s n o it a l s n a rt a , e r o f e r e h T . ) 6 : 7 9 9 1 , ll e B ( t x e t e g a u g n a l d n o c e s n a s a
h equivalen tmeaning from both languages .On the othe rhand ,Nida and
a e k a m t o n s e o d n o it a l s n a rt t a h t w e i v f o t n i o p t n e r e f fi d r e h t o n a e t a t s r e b a T : s w o ll o f s a , e g a u g n a l f o e s u e h t f o t u o m e l b o r p e h t e g a u g n a l r o t p e c e r e h t n i g n i c u d o r p e r f o s t s i s n o c g n it a l s n a r T “ s e m e g a u g n a l e c r u o s e h t f o t n e l a v i u q e l a r u t a n t s e s o l
c sage ,fris t
d n a a d i N ( ” e l y t s f o s m r e t n i y l d n o c e s d n a g n i n a e m f o s m r e t n i .) 2 1 : 9 6 9 1 , r e b a T n i t n e l a v i u q e l a r u t a n t s e s o l c e h t e v i g o t e l y t s d n a g n i n a e m h ti w s l a e d n o it a l s n a r T t i , s l e v e l l a r u t c u rt s d n a l a c it a m m a r g e h t s s e l d r a g e R . e g a u g n a l t e g r a t e h t e c r u o s e h t f o e c n a c if i n g i s d n a e g a u g n a l f o e l y t s y n a h ti w e g a s s e m s e c u d o r p e r g n i n a e m e b o t e g a u g n a
l fu land comprehensible .In rtansferirng the language ,
h t o b e r a r u c c o y a m t a h t s m e l b o r p e h t , h s il g n E o t n i e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I y ll a i c e p s e l a c it c a t n y s d n a l a c i x e
3
y ti v it c a n o it a l s n a rt f o m e l b o r p n i a
m so t hat i tneed sknowledge or t heory abou t
g n i w o ll o f e h t s a e g a u g n a l e h t f o n o it a v r e s b o n a d n a k r o w s e g a u g n a l w o h
: s e t a c i d n i n o it a t o u q
d n a s i s y l a n a e h t , e g a u g n a l h ti w o d o t s a h e g a u g n a l e h t e c n i S “
e l b a r e d i s n o c e k a m t s u m s s e c o r p n o it a l s n a rt f o n o it p ir c s e
d useo f
: 5 6 9 1 , d r o ft a C ( ” e g a u g n a l f o n o it p ir c s e d e h t p u t e s s e ir o g e t a c
.) ii v
e h t t u o b a s e s s u c s i d y ll a r e n e g y d u t s s i h
T accuracy o f rtanslaiton o f
e g a u g n a l h s il g n E o t n i n a i s e n o d n
I . A good translaiton canno tbe apar tfrom the
f o y c a r u c c
a gramma randmeaningi nboths ourceandt argetl anguages .Therefore ,
t e g o
t an excellent rtanslaiton ,the accuracy o fboth gramma rand meaning i s
s r o r r e s y a w l a e r a e r e h t , r e v e w o H . d e n i a t n i a m e b o t t n a tr o p m
i in rtanslaitng the
o s l a d n a y ll a c it a m m a r g e g a u g n a
l error sin rtansferirng the message from the
. e g a u g n a l t e g r a t e h t o t e g a u g n a l e c r u o
s In fact ,by analyzing the errors ,the
y c a r u c c
a o fboth gramma rand lexis can beevaluated ,so t ha,t i n t hi sstudy, the
.s i s y l a n a r o r r e g n i s u d e z y l a n a s i y c a r u c c a
d e lt it n e e l c it r a e h t m o r f d e t c e ll o c s i y d u t s s i h t f o a t a d e h
T “Berebu t
” s i g a M s i k u l e P n a s i r a
W inTempoMagazineo fJanuary21-27 ,2013ediiton .The
h s il g n E o t n i d e t a l s n a rt s i t i d n a e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I n i y ll a n i g ir o s i e l c it r a
d e lt it n e e g a u g n a
l “Stolen hIn ertiance” .Atlhough the data o fthe study i sa
e h t f o t r a p a t o n s i e g a s s e m e h t f o e c n a t p e c c a e h t ,t x e t n o it a l s n a
rt research .Thi s
s t n e t n i y d u t
s theaccuracyoft he rtanslaitonsyntacitcallyand lexically .Therefore ,
y o l p m e o t d e e n t o n s e o d r e ti r w e h
t therespondent .s
e h
T example o fproblem tha tcommonly irse sin rtanslaitng Indonesian
t s o p e ti n if e h t r e f s n a rt o t s i h s il g n E o t n
i -modiifcaitono fnounphrase ,especiallyt o
e h t h ti w d a e h n u o n e h t t c e n n o c o t d e s u s i h c i h w n u o n o r p e v it a l e r e h t e t a l s n a rt
, e c n a t s n i r o F . e s u a l c e v it a l e
r P ria yang berdir id ipojok tiu adalah kakaksaya si
o t n i d e t a l s n a
rt The boywho i sstanding i n t he corner i smybrother .In ordert o
n u o n o r p e v it a l e r n a i s e n o d n I e h t e t a l s n a
rt ‘yang’ ,the rtanslato rshould dea lwtih
a h c u s s n u o n o r p e v it a l e r h s il g n E f o e c i o h c e h
t swho ,which ,whom ,whose, t ha.t
t i d a e h n u o n e h t n o s d n e p e d s n u o n o r p e v it a l e r h s il g n E e s o h t f o e s u e h T
s i n u o n o r p e h T . d e t c e n n o
c ‘who ’i sused i fthe noun head indicate sperson
s a e r e h
w ‘which ’i sused fit henoun head i ndicatest henon-persona l t(hing) .T eh
e c n e t n e s e h t n i s r u c c o e s a c e m a
s rumah yang kerampokan tiu sedang d ibawah
n a k i d il e y n e
p which i s rtanslated into the house which i s robbed i s unde r
. n o it a g it s e v n
i The relaitve pronoun ‘yang’ tha t indicated the non-persona l
o t n i d e t a l s n a rt s i n u o n o r
p w hhic .
e h t d n a d a e h e h t f o n o it i s o p l a r u t c u rt s t n e r e f fi d a s a h r a m m a r g n a i s e n o d n I
s i n o it i s o p d a e h n u o n e h t , n a i s e n o d n I n I . r a m m a r g h s il g n E e h t m o r f s r e if i d o m
e ti s o p p o e h t s e ri u q e r r a m m a r g h s il g n E , r e v e w o H . r e if i d o m e h t f o t n o r f n i y ti r o j a m
t f o e n O . n o it i s o
p heexamplesi si nt henounphrase‘museum Haj iWidaya’t .The
s i e s a r h p s i h t f o d a e h n u o
n ‘museum ’wherea s‘Haj iWidayat” is t he modiifers .
d a e h n u o n e h t , e r e
H ‘museum ’i splaced i n fron toft he modiifer swhereasi n t he
d a e h n u o n e h t r a m m a r g h s il g n
E ‘museum’ i sse ta tthe back o fthe modi ifer .
e h t e g n a h c x e d l u o h s r o t a l s n a rt e h t , h s il g n E o t n i e s a r h p s i h t e t a l s n a rt o t , e r o f e r e h T
e m o c e b n o it i s o
5
s i h t n i d e s s u c s i d e b l li w h c i h w s e s a c e m o s e r a e v o b a s e l p m a x e e h T
m a x e e h t n o d e s a B . h c r a e s e
r pleabove, t hi sstudyi sp irmarliy i ntendedt oanalyze
t s o p e ti n if e h t g n it a l s n a rt f o y c a r u c c a e h
t -modiife rand t hesrtategyapp iled i n t he
e n i z a g a M o p m e
T o fJanuary 21-27 ,2013 ediiton .Thi sobject i schosen because
e r a e r e h
t somearitcle swhichcontains o me ifn tiepost-modi ifers .Thewrtie rwant s
t s o p e ti n if n a i s e n o d n I f o n o it a l s n a rt e h t f o y c a r u c c a e h t w o n k o
t -modi ife rinto
. n o it a l s n a rt e h t n i d e il p p a y g e t a rt s n o it a l s n a rt e h t o s l a d n a h s il g n E
.
B ProblemFormula iton
e h t n i d e t a t s n o it p ir c s e d e h t n o d e s a
B background ,someproblem swli lbe
: s w o ll o f s a d e t a l u m r o f
.
1 How i s t heaccuracy of t he rtanslaiton o fIndonesian post-modiifcaitons i nto
t s o p h s il g n
E -modiifcaitonbasedont heerro ranalysi sint hemagazine?
.
2 Howist he rtanslaiton srtategy appiled r elatedt o theaccuracy o fmeaning i n
? n o it a l s n a rt e h t
.
C Objecitve soft heStudy d
e s a
B on the problem formulaiton above ,the aim so fthi sstudy are
f o s e p y t n a i s e n o d n I d n a h s il g n E e h t d n if o t s i m i a t s ri f e h T . tr a p s i h t n i d e l a e v e r
t s o
p -modiifcaiton found i n t heTempo Magazineo fJanuary 21-27 ,2013 ediiton .
f o e p y t e h t e z ir o g e t a c d n a y fi t n e d i n a c r e ti r w e h t , m e l b o r p t s ri f e h t g n it c u d n o c y B
t s o p e ti n
if -modiifcaiton found in t hemagazine and ifnd ou tthe accuracy o fthe
t s o p n a i s e n o d n I f o n o it a l s n a
e h t t u o d n if o t s i m i a d n o c e s e h
T srtategy appiled in the rtanslaiton and the
y r e v il e d g n i n a e m e h t f o y c a r u c c
a .Thi sproblemalsoemployst heerro ranalysist o
. a t a d e h t f o y c a r u c c a e h t t u o d n if
.
D De ifniitono fTe s rm
d i o v a o t s m r e t t n a tr o p m i e h t f o g n i n a e m e h t s e t a t s r e ti r w e h t ,t r a p s i h t n I
t e g o t s r e d a e r e h t p l e h d n a n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p r o e lt it e h t n i g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m
. n o i s s u c s i d e h t o t n i
y c a r u c c A
s i h n i ) 0 3 : 1 0 0 2 ( y a d n u M i m e r e
J IntroducingTranslaitonStudies :Theorie s
n o it a c il p p A d n
a state stha taccuracy i sthe correc t rtansfe ro finformaiton and
. n o i s n e h e r p m o c e t e l p m o c f o e c n e d i v e
n o it a l s n a r T
e n o n i t x e t a g n it u ti t s b u s f o s s e c o r p a s i n o it a l s n a rt , d r o ft a C . C . J n o d e s a B
e g a u g n a l r e h t o n a n i t x e t a r o f e g a u g n a
l (Caftord ,1965:20 .)
e s a r h P n u o N
s a t c a o s l a n a c d n a n u o n s i d a e h e s o h w e s a r h p a s a d e n if e d s i e s a r h P n u o N
, t c e j b u
s objecto rcomplemen to faclause( LeechandSvatrvic ,1975:251 .)
t s o
P -modi ifca iton s i h n
I Universtiy Gramma ro fEngilsh ,Randolph Qu rik deifne spost
-d a e h n u o n e h t y fi d o m h c i h w d a e h e h t r e tf a d e c a l p s m e ti l l a s a n o it a c if i d o m
7
y g e t a r t S n o it a l s n a r T
o t n a y ir a H g n e g u S d n a a t a n i w a y r u S n i d ir h c u
Z (2003:67 )de ifne rtanslaiton
p , d r o w e t a l s n a rt o t d e s u s i t a h t c it c a t e h t s a y g e t a rt
s hrase ,clause ,o ra whole
d e t a l s n a rt e b o t ti n u r e ll a m s o t n i d e t a r a p e s e b t o n n a c e c n e t n e s e h t fi e c n e t n e
s .
s i s y l a n A r o r r E
s a s i s y l a n a r o r r e n a e n if e d n e z i u h k r a B y r a G d n a s il l E d o
R a se t o f
y ll a c it a m e t s y s r o r r e g n i n i a l p x e d n a g n i b ir c s e d , g n i y fi t n e d i r o f e r u d e c o r
p (Elils ,
) 1 5 : 5 0 0
2 .
8
I I R E T P A H C
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies
a k i s o
Y Sintawat iin he rstudy enitlted A Study on the Translaiton o f h
s il g n E o t n i s e s u a l C e v it a l e R n a i s e n o d n
I (2003 ) analyzed the pattern o f e s ir a y a m h c i h w m e l b o r p e h t d e if it n e d i d n a e s u a l c e v it a l e r h s il g n E d n a n a i s e n o d n I
n o it a l s n a rt d e s u e h S . h s il g n E o t n i e s u a l c e v it a l e r n a i s e n o d n I f o n o it a l s n a rt e h t n i
o r f t x e t e h t e t a l s n a rt o t e l u r e h t e t a l u m r o f o t s e i g e t a rt
s mI ndonesiani ntoEngilsh .
d r o w e h t f o n o it a l u m r o f l a r e v e s d n u o f e h
S yang ast her elaitvepronouni n e v i s s a p , s b r e v e v it c a , s e v it c e j d a y b d e w o ll o f e b n a c h c i h w e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I
n u o n d n a , s b r e
v - an .y She also found the problem stha toccu rwhen rtanslaitng n o it a c il p p a e h t f o e c n e r e f fi d e h t s a w s e l p m a x e e h t f o e n o , h s il g n E o t n i n a i s e n o d n I
. n u o n o r p e v it a l e r e h t f o
n i y c a r u c c a e h t t u o b a d e s s u c s i d h c i h w y d u t s r e h n i a ti m a r a P e ir o N
n o it i s o p e r p g n it a l s n a
rt of found in Naitona lGeographic Magazine o fJanuary 0
2 09 ,analyzed the funciton o fthe preposiiton o.f She found tha tpreposiiton of d n u o f o s l a e h S . e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I o t n i d e t a l s n a rt s i ti n e h w s g n i n a e m y n a m s a h
n o it i s o p e r p n i s e g n a h c l a r u t c u rt s e m o
s o f and rtanslaiton equivalence in o
B . e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n
I thoft hosestudie shavedfiferen tpurposef romt hi sstudy t s o p e ti n if n a i s e n o d n I f o n o it a l s n a rt e h t f o y c a r u c c a e h t s e s s u c s i d y d u t s s i h t e c n i
s
9
t s o p e ti n if h s il g n
E -modiifcaiton and iden itife sthe rtanslaiton srtategy which i s . e g a u g n a l h s il g n E o t n i n a i s e n o d n I f o n o it a l s n a rt e h t f o y c a r u c c a e h t o t d e t a l e r
.
B Reviewo fRelatedTheories
.
1 IndonesianNounPhrase
a s a h a B r o e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I , y ll a c i s a
B Indonesiaha sadfiferen tpattern e s a r h p n u o n e h t f o n r e tt a p e h t , e r o f e r e h T . e g a u g n a l h s il g n E m o r f r a m m a r g d n a
s i h n i , r e a h C l u d b A o t g n i d r o c c A . t n e r e f fi d o s l a s i o s l
a Sintaksi s Bahasa
a i s e n o d n
I , frasebenda (nounphrase)i sa phrasewhich f unciton sast heobjec to r t
c e j b u
s o ftheclause( Chaer ,2009 :121 .)
n u o n , e s a r h p e h t s m r o f h c i h w t n e m e l e e h t f o n o it i s o p e h t m o r f n e e s s A
. a : e e r h t o t n i d e d i v i d s i e g a u g n a l a i s e n o d n I n i e s a r h
p frasebenda setara ,b .frase
, t a k g n it r e b a d n e
b andc .rfasebendat erpadu. .
a FraseBendaSetara a r a t e s a d n e b e s a r
F i sa phrase formed o ftwo noun sin which thei r
n o it c n u j n o c a s i e r e h t , y ll a u s U . l a u q e s i n o it i s o p r i e h t r o g n i n a e
m dan (= and )
s i e s a r h p s i h t f o g n i n a e m e h t , r e v e w o H . s n u o n o w t e h t n e e w t e b d e tr e s n i
n a h t e r o m d e r e d i s n o
c jus tcombinaiton oft henoun bu tha sawide rmeaning ,fo r e
s a r h p e h t , e l p m a x
e ‘mejakurs’idoe sno tonlymean‘mejadankurs’i(=t ableand s
n a e m o s l a t u b ) ri a h
c ‘perabotanr umaht angga’(=al loft hehousewares.) .
b FraseBendaBeritngkat a
d n e b e s a r
F beritngkat i sa phrase formed o ftwo elements .The fris t
t a h t o s t n e m e l e n i a m e h t s i t n e m e l e s i h T . d a e h e h t s a s n o it c n u f n u o n a s i t n e m e l e
, b r e v , n u o n e b n a c h c i h w r e if i d o m e h t s i t n e m e l e d n o c e s e h T . d e tt i m o e b t o n n a c t i
n E o t r a li m i S . b r e v d a r o , e v it c e j d
a gilshl anguage,I ndonesianl anguager ecognize s t
s o p d n a r e if i d o m e r p : r e if i d o m f o s d n i k o w
t -modiife.r
)i
( P -remodi ifer e r p e h
T -modiifcaitoni nBahasaI ndonesiacanbei nt hef ormo fadverb+ n
u o
n (Adv +N) ,numera l+noun(Num+N) ,nega iton +noun (Neg +N) ,fo r :
e l p m a x e
) a
( (Adv+N )e.g .tanpamodal ,banyakuang ,hanyanas.i )
b
( (Num+N )e.g .sepuluhrumah ,ilmahektartanah ,keduagadi s(tiu .) )
c
( (Neg+N )e.gbukanwa trawan ,bukanmeja ,bukankakak.
)i
i( P -ostmodi ifer t s o p e h
T -modiifcaitono fBahasaIndonesiacanbef ormedo fnoun+noun ,
) N + N
( noun+verb(N+V) ,noun+adjec itve(N+A) ,noun +adverb(N+ ,
) v d
A noun + numeral (N + Num) ,noun + demonstra itve (N + Dem) .The :
s w o ll o f s a d e n i a l p x e s i e p y t h c a e f o e l p m a x e
) d
( (N + N )e.g. rumah paman ,cincin emas ,pelebaran jalan ,lontong sayu .r e
g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n
I doe sno tdfiferenitatepreposiiton to noun, t hereforet he e
s a r h p e h t n i e k il , n u o n s a d e r e d i s n o c s i n o it i s o p e r
p parkir itmur. Theword
r u m
it (= east ) in Engilsh language i s a preposiiton , bu t in Indonesian e
g a u g n a
l itmuri sanoun. )
e
( (N+V )e.g.kolamrenang ,pisaucukur ,r o itbakar ,jurubicara. )
f
( (N+A )e .g.mob lirusak ,pendidikanlanjut ,minyakwangi ,b esisiku. )
g
1 1
) h
( (N+Num )e.g .juarakedua ,rumahkeilma( dar i isn)i ,anakpertama. )i
( (N+Dem )e.g .anak ,tiu universtias ,ini t .iopii n (Chaer ,2009 :303-312). ,
k o o b r e h t o n a n i ,r e a h
C TataBahasaPrakit sBahasaI ndonesia(2011:332 -)
5 3
3 addst hatt hosephrase scanbeexpandedi ntot hel onge rphrase,f ori nstance: )j
( bukanhanyas eoranggurumatemaitka
P re H Post )
k
( bukanhanyas eorangpembantutuakepercayaans ayai nis aja
P re H P ost
t s o p e h t , e r o m r e h tr u
F -modi ifcaitondevelopsf romt hephrasel eveli ntot he o
t g n i d r o c c A . l e v e l e c n e t n e s r o e s u a l
c Badudu (1980:144) , a noun phrase e s u a l c r e h t o n a r o , e s a r h p r e h t o n a , d r o w a h ti w d e d n a p x e e b n a c y ll a c it e r o e h t
n o it c n u j n o c e h t y b y l e ti n if n
i yang. Thi scase ,in Engilsh i s called Rela itve Clause .Thet erm r elaitveclausei nI ndonesiacanbecalledKlausaSematan. The
n u o n o r p e v it a l e
r ‘yang’canbeusedt ode ifnepersonort hingetihe ra sas ubjec to r d
r o w e h T . t c e j b o n a s
a ‘ya ’ ng act sa sa pronoun and a conjunciton at t he same ,s
y a s u d u d a B s A . e m it
i a g a b e s f it a l e r it n a g a t a k a g u j t u b e s i d a s a i b g n u b u h g n e p i t n a g a t a K “
n it a l a s a h a b i r a d n a h a m e jr e
t pronomen relaitvum .Ada dua macam h
a d u s g n a y a d n e b a t a k i t n a g g n e p i a g a b e s ) 1 a y n i s g n u
f disebutkan
k a n a n a g n e d t a m il a k k u d n i g n u b u h g n e p i a g a b e s ) 2 , a y n m u l e b e s
k a d it u ti g n u b u h g n e p i t n a g a t a k , a i s e n o d n I a s a h a b m a l a D . t a m il a k
h a l a i a m a t u r e t g n a Y . k a y n a
b yang(Badudu,1980 :144 .)
n u o n o r p e v it a l e r f o s n o it c n u f o w t e r a e r e h
T ‘yang’:t o modfiyt hesubjec t n
u o n o r p e v it a l e r f o n o it i d n o c e h T . t c e j b o e h t y fi d o m o t d n
a ‘yang ’funcitoned t o
t s i t c e j b u s e h t y fi d o
e s o h T . e s u a l c r e h t o n a o t d e tr e s n i s i s e s u a l c e h t f o e n o , e s a c s i h t n I . y ti t n e d i
e s u a l
c sareconnectedbyt her elaitvepronounyangfo rexample: )l
( Orangyangdudukd idepan tiugenduts ekal.i :f
o d e m r o f s i )l ( e c n e t n e s f o e l p m a x e e h T
. n a p e d i d k u d u d u ti g n a r O : I e s u a l c
.i l a k e s t u d n e g u ti g n a r O : I I e s u a l c
e k il e b l li w e c n e t n e s e h t , e r o f e r e h T . I I e s u a l c e h t o t d e tr e s n i s i I e s u a l c e h t , n e h T
e c n e t n e s e h t I e s u a l c e h t o t d e tr e s n i s i I I e s u a l c e h t fi , r e v e w o H . )l ( e l p m a x e e h t
: e b l li
w Orangyanggenduts ekal itiududukd idepan . o
e h t y fi d o m o t ,s e d i s e
B bject ,theobjec toft heclause Ihavet hesamei denttiya s e s o h T . I e s u a l c e h t o t d e tr e s n i s i I I e s u a l c , n e h T . I I e s u a l c e h t f o t c e j b u s e h t
n u o n o r p e v it a l e r e h t y b d e t c e n n o c o s l a e r a s e s u a l
c yangfo rexample:
u ti a l o b k a p e y n e m a i D : I e s u a l c
u ti a l o B : I I e s u a l
c sedangmenggeilnding . :
e b l li w e c n e t n e s e h t ,s u h T
) m
( Diamenyepakbolayangs edangmenggeilnding tiu.( Chaer ,2009:335-336 .)
e p y t r e h t o n
A o f p -ost modiife r in Indonesia i s apposiitve which i s n
u o n o r p e h t y b d e t c e n n o
c bahwa.I n t hist ype, t hemainclauseand t heapposiitve .
t c e j b u s e m a s e h t e v a h e s u a l c n i a m e h t y fi d o m t a h t
) n
( Kaba rbahwagaj ipegawa iakannaikmenggemb riakankam.i :
I e s u a l
c kaba rtiumenggembriakankami :
I I e s u a l
3 1
s i h t n I . I I e s u a l c e l o h w e h t s a n i a t n o c e m a s e h t s a h I e s u a l c e h t f o t c e j b u s e h T
e s u a l c e h t o t d e tr e s n i s i I I e s u a l c , n e h T . e s u a l c n i a m e h t s e m o c e b I e s u a l c e h t , e s a c
.) 7 3 3 : 1 1 0 2 , r e a h C ( ) n ( e l p m a x e e h t n i e k il e b l li w e c n e t n e s e h t t a h t o s I
.
c FraseBendaTerpadu a
r
F sebendat erpadui saphrasei n which t heposiitono f tist wo element s e
s a r h p a s i e l p m a x e e n O . d e tt i m o e b t o n n a
c ‘dar ipasar ’int hesentence I‘bubaru g
n a l u
p dar ipasar’. Theword ‘dar’i ro ‘pasar ’canno tbeomitted becausei fone e b l li w e c n e t n e s e h T . d e t p e c c a e b t o n n a c e c n e t n e s e h t d e tt i m o s i m e h t f
o I‘bu
g n a l u p u r a
b dari ’ o r I‘bu baru pulang pasar.’ Those sentence s canno t be .
e g a u g n a l n a i s e n o d n I n i d e t p e c c a
n
I Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia M( oeilono ,1997 :144,) t hereare d n a r e if il a u q a s a s e s u a l c e r a y e h T . e s u a l c e v it a l e r n a i s e n o d n I f o s d n i k o w t
.s e s u a l c e v it a l e r e v i s s e s s o p
)
1 Quailife rRelaitveClause
n o it c a r o n o it i d n o c a e n if e d o t d e s u s i e s u a l c e v it a l e r a , r e if il a u q a s A
e v it a l e r h s il g n E e k i L . e s u a l c n i a m e h t n i n u o n d e r r e f e r e h t y b e n o d s i h c i h w
e v it a l e r e v it c ir t s e r s a d e z ir o g e t a c o s l a e r a s e s u a l c e v it a l e r n a i s e n o d n I , s e s u a l c
n o n d n a e s u a l
c -restirctiver elaitveclause . )
o
( Kakaknyayang itngga ldiJ akatradatangkema irn. )
p
( Mahasiswayangberbajukotak-kotak tiuadalahSurya. )
q
( Ayahnya ,yangbekejrad iPapua tius eorangpengusaha. )
r
( Bung Karno , yang menjad i salah satu proklamato r Indonesia , sanga t .
a w a b i w r e b
Clause s(o )and (p )belong to restircitve relaitve clause because they n
o n e r a ) r ( d n a ) q ( s e s u a l C . d a e h n u o n e h t y fi r a l c d n a e n if e d o t n o it c n u
f -restircitve
, e s u a l c e v it a l e r e h t d n a n u o n e h t e t a r a p e s h c i h w , s a m o c e s u y e h T . e s u a l c e v it a l e r
c e v it a l e r e h t d n
a lause s(q )and (r )de ifne the noun head by giving addiitona l .l
a it n e s s e t o n s i h c i h w n o it a m r o f n i
)
2 PossessiveRelaitveClause
a s w o h s h c i h w e s u a l c e v it a l e r f o d n i k r e h t o n a s y o l p m e n a i s e n o d n I
a l c e v it a l e r e v i s s e s s o p a s a d e ll a c n e tf o , p i h s n o it a l e r e v i s s e s s o
p use .
) s
( Pengusahayangmoblinyaberwarnamerah tius angankaya. )t
( Parapengungs iyangrumahnyahancu rmeneirmabantuan.
e h t g n i d d a y b d e m r o f e r a e s u a l c e v it a l e r e v i s s e s s o p e h t , e v o b a e l p m a x e e h t n O
e l c it r a
p –nya to t henoun atfer t heword ‘yang .’ The – any paritcle completest he n
o it c n u j n o
c ‘yang ’ tha t funciton s a s possessive relaitve pronoun . I t wli l be n
u o n o r p e v i s s e s s o p e h t f i d r a w k w
a – any i somitted from the noun (Moeilono , .)
4 4 1 : 7 9 9 1
.
2 EngilshNounPhrase
) 1 5 2 : 5 7 9 1 ( c i v tr a v S d n a h c e e
L statet ha tanounphrasei saphraset hatt he s
l a n a c d n a n u o n s i d a e
h o ac ta sa subjec tand etihe robjec to rcomplemen to fa e
h T . e s u a l
c exampleo fnounphrasei sFivewomenwaiitng f ort hebusarea high .r
e h c a e t l o o h c
s The word ‘ eif ’v i sthe pre-modiife rwherea sthe word ‘women’ e
s a r h p e h T . e s a r h p e h t f o d a e h e h t s i n u o n a s i h c i h
w ‘waiitng f ort hebus ’ist he
t s o
5 1
o n e h t e s o p m o c t a h t s t n e m e l e e e r h t e r a e r e h t , h s il g n
E un phrase :head , pre
-ts o p d n a , n o it a c if i d o
m -modiifcaiton.
.
a Head
d r a w o
H Jackson in hi sAnalyzing Engilsh :An I ntroduciton t o Descripitve s
c it s i u g n i
L (1982 :127 )states t hat t hehead o fanoun phrase i so fcourseanoun h
w ichcanbet henameo faperson ,place,t hing ,event ,etc .Theheadi scommonly s
a h c u s s r e n i m r e t e d e h t y b d e i n a p m o c c
a a,t he ,hi ,s t hat ,etc(Leech andSvatrvic , )
1 5 2 : 5 7 9
1 . tIi st heminima lrequriemen to fcomposingt henoun phrase ,so t ha t o
s i d a e h e h
t bilgatory ,fo rexample ,a table or Thousand so f lfowers which are .
d e tl i w e r a d n e i r f y o b r u o y y b n e v i
g The word stable and lfower sare nouns ,so s r e if i d o m e m o s y b d e d e c e r p e b y a m d a e h e h T . e s a r h p e h t f o d a e h e h t e r a y e h t
e r P d e ll a
c -modiifcaitonandf ollowedbys omemodiifer scalledPost-modi ifcaiton.
.
b P -remodiifca iton
e r
P -modi ifcaiton i sa kind o fmodi ifcaiton which comp irse sall t he tiem s a
l
p ced beforet hehead (Qu rik ,2002 :376) .Thosewhich areincluded i n t he pre -r
a n o it a c if i d o
m e :determiners ,numeral ,adjecitve ,adverb ,noun ,paritciple ,and e
r p h c a e f o s e l p m a x e e h T . e c n e t n e
s -modi ife rareexplainedasf ollows: ).
1 Determiner scan be i n t he form o faritcles ,demonsrtaitves ,and possessive s :
e l p m a x e r o f
e h
t b irdge
e s o h
t student s
y
m T-shri t
).
2 Numera l
e s o h
t ifveingredients
e h
t secondchance s ).
3 Adjecitve
d e ti s i v
I hi sdeilghftulcottage . ).
4 Adverb
d e ti s i v
I hi sf -ar awaycottage . ).
5 Adverbandadjecitve
d e ti s i v
I tha treallyqutieunbeilevablydeilghftu lcottage . ).
6 Noun
d e ti s i v
I thi scountryco ttage . ).
7 Paritciple
s i
H barkingdog i(ndicate spresen)t
r e
H soldca r i(ndicate spas)t ).
8 Sentence
y m t e m
I long- eit - om n - ese f irend. ).
9 S-geniitve
d e ti s i v
I poilceman’shouse( Qurik ,2002:394 .)
.
c P -ost modiifca iton
t s o p t a h t s e t a t s ) 6 7 3 : 2 0 0 2 ( k ri u
Q -modi ifcaiton i s modiifer( s) which .
d a e h e h t r e tf a d e c a l p s m e ti e h t ll a s e s ir p m o
c There aresix majort ype so fpost -e l p i c it r a P t n e s e r P , e v it i s o p p A , e s u a l C e v it a l e R , e s a r h P l a n o it i s o p e r P : n o it a c if i d o m
o T d n a , e s u a l C e l p i c it r a p t s a P , e s u a l
7 1
).
1 Preposiitona lPhrase e s a r h p l a n o it i s o p e r
P i sa kind o fmodiife rtha tfollow sthe noun head . t
s o p a s a e s a r h P l a n o it i s o p e r
P -modi ife rha s ti srules :Prep + NP ,Prep + - wh +
p e r P , e s u a l
c -ing clause(Leech and Svatrvic ,1975:268) .Preposiitona lphrase o
w t o t n i d e d i v i d e b o s l a n a
c bs -u types :o - f geniitve and restricitve and non -e
v it c i r t s e
r .Thisi st hecommonestt ypeo fpost-modiifcaiton i n Engilsh sincet hi s n
o n r o e ti n if r e h ti e n a h t t n e u q e r f e r o m s e m it r u o f r o e e r h t s i e p y
t -ifntie post
l a n o it i s o p e r p f o s e l p m a x e e h T . n o it a c if i d o
m phrase are: the house beyond the h
c r u h
c ;two book son grammar ;the effor tby working 12 hour sa day .The e
h t o t s g n o l e b e l p m a x
e o -fgeniitve si amano fcouragewhich mean sthemanha s e
g a r u o
c wherea ,s t he example belongst o rest ircitvepreposiitona lphrase ‘i s thi s r
a m m a r g n o , k o o
b .’ tIi ndicatesr estircitvebecauset hepreposiitona lphrasei nt hi s d
a e h e h t g n it i m il s i e s a
c book.Whereasi nt henon-restircitvepreposiitona lphrase ,.
g .
e thi sbook ,on gramma ,r the comas i ndicatest hat t hepreposiitona lphrase i s
l a n o it i d d a y l n o s i s a m m o c e h t e d i s n i e s a r h p e h T . d a e h e h t g n it i m il t o n
4 9 3 : 2 0 0 2 , k ri u Q ( y r a s s e c e n t o n s i h c i h w n o it a m r o f n
i -395)
).
2 RelaitveClause
t s o p f o e p y t d n o c e s e h
T -modiifcaiton menitoned by Qu rik i stherela itve e
s u a l
c .Ther elaitveclausei susuallyi ndicatedbyr elaitvepronoun ssucha swho , .
t a h t d n a , h c i h w , e s o h w , m o h
: e l b a t g n i w o ll o f e h t n i d e n i a l p x e e b l li w n u o n o r p e v it a l e r h c a e f o n o it c n u f e h T
o h
w usedt omodfiythepersonast hes ubjec/tobjec toft hes entence
h c i h
w usedt omodfiyt het hingast hes ubjec/tobjec toft hes entence w mh o usedt omodfiyt hepersonast heobjec toft hes entence
whose usedt omodfiyt hepossessio n
t th a usedtomodfiyt hepersonort hingonlyi nr estircitveclause.
. n u o n o r p e v it a l e r e h t f o n o it c n u f e h T . 3 e l b a T
f o n o it c n u f e h t , e v o b a e l b a t e h t m o r
F ‘which’ and t‘ha’t i smore o rles s n
u o n o r p e v it a l e r e h T . e c n e r e f fi d a s a h l li t s t i t u b r a li m i
s ‘which’ can be used i n
n o n d n a e s u a l c e v it a l e r e v it c ir t s e
r -restircitve relaitve clause bu t the relaitve n
u o n o r
p t‘ha ’t canno tbe used in non-rest ircitve relaitve clause because i twli l g
n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m e s u a
c .
r e h
T elaitve clause i sincluded in Fintie Clause since the clause ha sa m
u m i n i
m combinaiton of subjec tand verb and also ha sa clear t ense .Thereare n o n d n a ) g n it i m il / g n i n if e d ( e s u a l c e v it a l e r e v it c ir t s e r : e s u a l c e v it a l e r f o s d n i k o w
t
-n o n ( e s u a l c e v it a l e r e v it c ir t s e
r -deifning .)
) a
( Thegri lwhoi s tsandingin rfon toft heclassi sbeautfiu.l( Restircitve)
S V
o h
W =Subjec tpronoun )
b
9 1
m o h
W i sar elaitvepronoun f unciton sa sobject ,so i tcan bedropped .Ast he
: e b l li w e c n e t n e s e h t ,t l u s e r ) c
( Thegri l Iadmirei sbeautfiu.l(Restircitve)
e v it a l e r o r e z h ti w e s u a l c e v it a l e r d e ll a c y l n o m m o c s i e s a c f o d n i k s i h T
. d e tt i m o s i n u o n o r p e v it a l e r e h t e s u a c e b , n u o n o r p ) d
( Thenheme tMary ,whoi nvtiedhimt oaparty.( Non-restircitve) e
s u a l c e v it a l e r e h
T i snon-deifning because ti i sonly addiitonal i nformaiton .
y r a s s e c e n t o n s i h c i h w
).
3 Apposiitve e v it i s o p p
A i salso included on the Fintie Clause .The apposiitve clause s
e s
u t -hatclauseort oi nifniitve-clause .Theseclause sarei ndependent ;mean sno t e s u a l c e v it i s o p p a n a f o d a e h e h T . t n e m e l p m o c r o , t c e j b o , t c e j b u s s a d e n o it c n u f
d n a h c e e L ( c t e , f e il e b , r e w s n a , tr o p e r , s w e n s a h c u s n u o n t c a rt s b a n a e b t s u m
‘ n u o n o r p e h t n a i s e n o d n I n I . ) 1 7 2 : 5 7 9 1 , c i v tr a v
S that ’ in apposiitve wli l be
‘ o t n i d e t a l s n a
rt bahwa’ .Theexample so fapposiitveclauseare: )
e
( Thebeile fthatt heyea r2012i st heendoft heworldmake su safraid. )
f
( Thepoilcehavebeeni nvesitgaitngt henew stoassassint hePresident.
t s o p f o s e p y t e e r h t t x e n e h
T -modiifcaiton are included in non-ifntie post -n
o it a c if i d o
m since the tense i sno tclea rand ha sno approp irate combinaiton o f n
o N . b r e v d n a t c e j b u
s -ifntie post-modiifcaiton ha s three sub-types : presen t o
t , e s u a l c e l p i c it r a p t s a p , e s u a l c e l p i c it r a
p -in ifniitveclause .
).
4 Presen tParitcipleClause e s u a l c e l p i c it r a p t n e s e r
P o rknowna s“– ing paritcipleclause” ha sar ole m
r o f e v it c a f o r o t a c i d n i e h t s
a (Qu rik ,2002 :383-384) .One o fthe example si s y
o b e h T
“ standing nextt o mei smyboyfriend.” Here, t heverb ‘ standing ’ha sno .
t x e t n o c e h t o t g n i d r o c c a d e t e r p r e t n i e b l li w t i o s e s n e t s u o i v b o
: w o ll o f s a d e n i a l p x e e b l li w s e l p m a x e r e h tr u f e h T
) g
( Thes tudentsstudyingbeneatht hebridgearet hevicitm so fpovetry. (w hoarestudy ingbeneatht hebridge)
) h
( Thet ruckcrushingacaratrtacte dpeople’ satteniton. (whichcrushedacar)
).
5 Pas tParitcipleClause
e b l li w s e l p m a x e e h T . m r o f e v i s s a p e h t g n it a c i d n i s i e s u a l c e l p i c it r a p t s a P
: s w o ll o f s a d e t a t s
)i
( Thej ewerlystolenbyt hemanwasf ound. ‘
(whichi ss tolenbyt heman’ ) )j
( Themotorcyclewashedbyt hemani smine. ‘
(whichwa s i(s )beingwashedbyt heman )’
).
6 T -o in ifniitveClause o
T -in ifniitve clause i sindicaitng the future form .Fu trhe rexample sare :
s w o ll o f s a d e t a t s
) k
( ThemantohelpyouisJ ohn.( Subjec)t ‘
1 2
)l
( Thegilrf o rBobbytos eei sLiz.( Objec)t ‘
(whomBobbys ees’ ) )
m
( Herei sabookf o ryout or ead. ‘
(whichyoucanr ead’)
t s o p f o s e p y t e s o h t m o r
F -modiifcaiton explained above, i tcan beconcluded t
s o p f o e p y t r o j a m x i s e r a e r e h t t a h
t -modiifcaiton such a sPreposiitona lPhrase , d n a , e s u a l C e l p i c it r a P t s a P , e s u a l C e l p i c it r a P t n e s e r P , e v it i s o p p A , e s u a l C e v it a l e R
o
T -in ifniitve .Howeve,r t hefocu sof t hi sresearch i son t he Relaitve Clauseand t
s o P e ti n i F f o s e p y t e h t e r a h c i h w e v it i s o p p
A -modiifcaiton.
.
3 Theoryo fTransla iton
.
a De ifniitono fTranslaiton
e c r u o s m o r f e g a s s e m d n a a e d i e h t r e f s n a rt o t s i e t a l s n a rt o t , y ll a r e n e G
f o e n O . n o it a l s n a rt f o a e d i
