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m a I , ” a rt s A S b a r K A n a n il a J “ n i e m d n u o f e v a h o h w s d n e ir f y m l l a o T a i d e M “ n i h t o b s e d a r m o c y m o T . ’ d u m g n i z il i b o m m i‘ e h t m o r f p u g u d e b o t l u f e t a r g n i s g n i d n if e h t d n a s e r u s a e l p e h t r o f l l a u o y k n a h t I , ” n a k u j n u tr e P i s e S “ d n a ” a rt s a S f o t n e m o m e h
t l‘earning’ .To “Seka r Jepun” Communtiy , Ithank you fo rthe l a c i n h c e
t - wcre -recru timent sin some o fthe performance sheld in Sanata Dharma r o f u o y k n a h t I ,t i s n u r o h w i n i R t n u a y m d n a e r o t s y r e c o r g ” s e t n e M “ o T . y ti s r e v i n U o w o t‘ f o g n i n a e m e h t e m g n i d n i m e
r rkmyarse-offt oge twha t Iwant .’
l u d A d n a , n a n e K , i s h O , r o t c i V , k n e c o Y , r a m a D , k n a b I k n a h t o t e k il d l u o w I o l e s ‘ e h t r o
f -itvtiy ’avaliable every itme Istep afoo ton t he doorstep so f‘our ’smal l a ti D o t ; s e s u o
h -Koka-Oda and Aya for t he i nvtiaitons t o recreaiton which (moslty ) w o h e m g n i w o h s r o f u o y k n a h t I , o m o T k a K o T . d e r o n g i n e v e r o d e t c e j e r e b t o n n a c d r a h e h t h ti w e b d l u o c e g a t s a l u fi t u a e
b - mtea -workoft het echnical-crew sbehindi .t e v a h y m o
T -founded-sister ,Widi ,It hank you fo rbeing present .You were a . e b l li w l li t s u o y e p o h I ; h g u o r h t k l a w t ,t s a e l t o n t u b t s a
x i
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
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T ... i E
G A P L A V O R P P
A ………... ii E
G A P E C N A T P E C C
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E G A P O T T O
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S I M E D A K A N A G N I T N E P E K K U T N U H A I M L
I ……….. v ii
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ……… v ii i
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ……… i x
T C A R T S B
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A R T S B
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O I T C U D O R T N I I R E T P A H
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.
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B ProblemFormulaiton……… 4 .
C Objecitveo fStudy……… 5 .
D Deifniitono fTerms……… .. 5 W
E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T I I R E T P A H
C ……….. 7
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudy………. 7 .
B Reviewo fRelatedTheory………... 9 .
1 TheoryonCharacte randCharacteirzaiton………. 9 .
2 TheoryonStatu sandClas sSrtaitifcaiton……….. 1 1 .
3 TheoryonSymboilcBoundary……….. 1 2 .
C ReviewonVicto iranEraand tI sUppe rClass……… 1 4 .
1 TheSocia lBackgroundo fVictoiranEra………... 1 5 .
2 Uppe rClass ’Atttiudestowards Socia lSrtait ifcaiton…… 1 8 .
a Conspicuou sLeisure……… 2 0 .
b InGroupMarirage……… 2 0 .
c (Excessive )Supe irortiy……… 2 1 .
d Individuailsm……… 2 2 .
D Theoreitca lFramework……… 2 2 Y
G O L O D O H T E M I I I R E T P A H
C ……….. 2 5
.
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B Approachoft heStudy……… 2 6 .
C Methodoft heStudy……… 2 7 S
I S Y L A N A V I R E T P A H
C ……… 2 9
.
x .
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2 HavingaPosiitveNoiton n
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t -groupMarirage………... 3 3 .
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4 Secluded………... 3 5 .
5 Irresponsible………... 3 9 .
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r a w o
t s Socia lSrtaitifcaiton………... 4 3 .
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t Lowe rClassI ndividuals………... 4 5 .
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t s Socia lSrtaitifcaiton.……….. 4 8 .
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2 HavingaPosiitveNoitont owardsI n-groupMarirage…… 5 0 .
3 Arrogant………... 5 1 .
4 SecludedandI rresponsible………. 5 3 N
O I S U L C N O C V R E T P A H
C ... 5 6 Y
H P A R G O I L B I
B ... 6 1 X
I D N E P P
i x T C A R T S B A . O H O R G U N I D A O I R A
H The Cri itcism on Upper Class ’A tttiude sTowards s ’ e il r i a F k c i r e d e r F h g u o r h t a r E n a i r o t c i V n i n o it a c if it a r t S l a i c o S ’ s n il l o C e i k li W n i n o it a z i r e t c a r a h
C The Woman in Whtie . Yogyaka tra :
. 3 1 0 2 , y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S , s r e tt e L f o y tl u c a F , s r e tt e L h s il g n E f o t n e m tr a p e D ’ s n il l o C e i k li
W The Woman i n Whtie i sa suspense nove lo fwhich story i s s ’ e il ri a F a r u a L , e v o l s i h r o f g n il g g u rt s n i e l a t s ’t h g ir tr a H r e tl a W n o d e t a n i d r o o c s s e n d a s h g u o r h t h t o b m e h t g n i y n a p m o c c a e b m o c l a H n a ir a M d n a , e fi l r e h r o f g n i v ir t s e r F n o s i s y l a n a s ti s e t a rt n e c n o c y d u t s s i h T . y o j d n
a de irck Fariile ,Laura Fariile’ s
s a w e H . y r o t s e h t n i m e l b o r p d e t a l e r s s a l c d n a s u t a t s e h t o t t n a c if i n g i s s i e h s a , e l c n u f o s y a w e h t d e t a rt s n o m e d e h , l e v o n e h t n I . y t e i c o s s s a l c r e p p u n a ir o t c i V f o t r a p a e t c a r a h c e h t g n i d a r g e d s a d e d r a g e r e r e w h c i h w g n i v
il irsitc so fa nobleman—a man
k n a r e l b o n a h ti
w —whichwa ssupposedt obehonoredbyt hei rnobleacitonst hrough . n a m e lt n e g a g n i e b f o e c n a t s b u s e h t d e d a r g e d e h , e r o f e r e h t ; s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e l b o n g i s i h if e h T . s i s e h t s i h t n i d e t a l u m r o f s m e l b o r p e e r h t e r a e r e h
T rs tproblem i show
r e p p u e h t w o h s i m e l b o r p d n o c e s e h T . y r o t s e h t n i d e z ir e t c a r a h c s i e il ri a F k c ir e d e r F y b d e t n e s e r p e r s i a r e n a ir o t c i V n i n o it a c if it a rt s l a i c o s s d r a w o t s e d u ti tt a ’ s s a l c r c e h t t u o b a s i m e l b o r p t s a l e h T . n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c s ’ e il ri a F k c ir e d e r
F iitcismon uppe r
h g u o r h t d e l a e v e r s i h c i h w a r e e h t n i n o it a c if it a rt s l a i c o s s d r a w o t s e d u ti tt a ’ s s a l c . n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c s ’ e il ri a F k c ir e d e r F l a r u tl u c o i c o s s i s i s e h t s i h t n i d e il p p a h c a o r p p a e h
T -histo irca lapproach .The
r y r a r b il s i s i s e h t s i h t n i d e s u d o h t e
m esearch .The p irmary data were t aken f rom t he ’ s n il l o C e i k li W , l e v o
n TheWoman i n Whtie .The othe rdata were t aken from books , .s i s e h t s i h t h ti w g n il a e d s e c n e r e f e r d n a , l a n r u o j s d r a w o t s e d u ti tt a ’ s s a l c r e p p u n o m s i c it ir c e h t s w o h s y d u t s s i h t f o t l u s e r e h T s ’ e il ri a F k c ir e d e r F n i d e li e v s i h c i h w a r e n a ir o t c i V n i n o it a c if it a rt s l a i c o s o t g n i h t y n a o d o t g n il li w s i o h w n a m e l b o n a s a d e z ir e t c a r a h c s i e H . n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c n o n e h t d e t n e s e r p e r ti e s a c s i h t n i s a , e m it e r u s i e l s i h e z il o p o n o
m -mate iral r esource s
h c i h
w were normallyf ought f o rbyt he uppe rclas ssocietyi n t hesocia lsrtait ifcaiton l a i c o s e h t f o e s u e d a m y t e i c o s s s a l c r e p p u e h T . a r e n a ir o t c i V e h t n i e k il m e t s y s s e c r u o s e r e h t g n i z il o p o n o m n i s e v l e s r i e h t ti f e n e b o t a r e e h t n i m e t s y s n o it a c if it a rt s e d i v o r
p dby ti .Ast heconsequence,t hel owe rclasse shadbeenbarredf romaccessing s i s e c r u o s e r e h t g n ir r a b n i y t e i c o s s s a l c r e p p u e h t y b d e s u d o h t e m e h T . s e c r u o s e r e h t g n i d u l c n i , e m it e r u s i e l s i h e r u c e s o t e il ri a F k c ir e d e r F y b d e s u d o h t e m e h t o t r a li m i s a f e h
t ctt ha thehadt omaket hepeoplet ha tweresupposedt obedeart ohimsuffered . s s a l c r e w o l e h t s a w o s , m i h f o e s u a c e b g n ir e f f u s e r e w e il ri a F k c ir e d e r F d n u o r a e l p o e P n i n o it a c if it a rt s l a i c o s e h t s d r a w o t s e d u ti tt a ’ s s a l c r e p p u m o r f g n ir e f f u s y t e i c o s r o t c i
ii x K A R T S B A . O H O R G U N I D A O I R A
H The Cri itcism on Upper Class ’A tttiude sToward s s ’ e il r i a F k c i r e d e r F h g u o r h t a r E n a i r o t c i V n i n o it a c if it a r t S l a i c o S ’ s n il l o C e i k li W n i n o it a z i r e t c a r a h
C The Woman in Whtie .Yogyaka tra :Jurusan a S s a tl u k a F , s ir g g n I a rt s a
S srta ,Universtia sSanataDharma ,2013. e ti h W n i n a m o W e h
T berkibla tpada Watle rHatr irgh tdenganpe jruangan ata s e b m o c l a H n a ir a M n a d , a y n p u d i h n a h a tr e b n a g n a u jr e p n a g n e d e il ri a F a r u a L , a y n a t n i c r e b i n i i d u t s , i p a T . a k u d n a d a k u s m a l a d a k e r e m i n a m e n e m g n a
y konsenrtas ipada
a n e r a k , e il ri a F a r u a L i r a d n a m a p , e il ri a F k c ir e d e r F i s a s ir e t k a r a k p a d a h r e t s i s il a n a h a l a d a a I . a ti r e c m a l a d s a l e k n a d s u t a t s h a l a s a m n a g n e d n a g n u b u h r e b i n i r e t k a r a k n i l e v o n m a l a D . a ir o t c i V a r e i d s a t a s a l e k t a k a r a y s a m k o p m o l e k i r a d n a i g a
b i ,ia
a d a p ir a d i a li n n a k n u r u n e m h a l e t g n a d n a p i d g n a y p u d i h a y a g n a k i s a rt s n o m e d n e m t a r g n i n g n a r o e s k it s ir e t k a r a
k —seseorang yang berderaja t itnggi—yang seharusnya a y n ir i d i tr a i a d o n e m h a l e t e il ri a F k c ir e d e r F i d a j ; a y n u k a l n a d h a k g n it a g u j g n a d n a p r e t i a g a b e
s seseorangyangt erpandang.
a m a tr e p h a l a s a M . i n i i s p ir k s m a l a d n a k s u m u ri d g n a y n a h a l a s a m r e p a g it a d A g n a y h a l a s a M . l e v o n m a l a d n a k i s a s ir e t k a r a k i d e il ri a F k c ir e d e r F a n a m i a g a b u ti a y i s a k if it a rt s p a d a h r e t s a t a s a l e k t a k a r a y s a m p a k i s a n a m i a g a b h a l a i a u d e k g n a
y sosia ld i
g n a y h a l a s a M . e il ri a F k c ir e d e r F i s a s ir e t k a r a k h e l o n a k i s a t n e s e r p e ri d a ir o t c i V a r e s a l e k t a k a r a y s a m p a k i s a d a p u j u tr e t g n a y s n il l o C e i k li W k it ir k g n a t n e t h a l a d a a g it e k a r a k i u l a l e m n a k p a k g n u i d g n a y a ir o t c i V a r e i d l a i s o s i s a k if it a rt s p a d a h r e t s a t
a kte irsas i
. e il ri a F k c ir e d e r F l a r u tl u k o i s o s n a t a k e d n e p n a k a n u g g n e m i n i i s p ir k
S -histo irs . Metode yang
n a k a n u g i d g n a y a m a t u a t a d , i d a J . a k a t s u p i d u t s h a l a d a i n i i s p ir k s m a l a d n a k a n u g i d l e v o n i r a d h e l o r e p i d i n i i s p ir k s m a l a
d The Womani nWhtiekaranganWlikieColilns . a
t a
D -data lainnya diambi ldar ibuku-buku ,jurnal-jurnal ,dan referens ilain yang .i n i i s p ir k s n a g n e d n a g n u b u h r e b t a k a r a y s a m p a k i s a d a p n a k u j u ti d g n a y k it ir k a w h a b n a k k u j n u n e m i d u t s l i s a H n u i d a ir o t c i V a r e i d l a i s o s i s a k if it a rt s p a d a h r e t s a t a s a l e
k gkapkaolehpengarangl ewa t
g n a r o e s i a g a b e s n a k i s a s ir e t k a r a k i d i n i r e t k a r a K . e il ri a F k c ir e d e r F i s a s ir e t k a r a k g n a y , a y n g n a u l u t k a w r i s il o p o n o m e m k u t n u n u p a p a n a k u k a l e m p a i s g n a y t a r g n i n n o n a y a d r e b m u s n a k i s a t n e s e r p e r e m i n i s u s a k a d a
p -mate ira lyangdipe jruangkanoleh
a r e m a l a d i tr e p e s l a i s o s i s a k if it a rt s m e t s i s m a l a d s a t a s a l e k t a k a r y s a m k o p m o l e k i a s a u g n e m k u t n u t u b e s r e t m e t s i s n a k a n u g g n e m i n i t a k a r a y s a m k o p m o l e K . a ir o t c i V . ir i d n e s a k e r e m k o p m o l e k n a g n u t n u e k k u t n u a i d e s r e t g n a y a y a d r e b m u s e k , a y n i s n e u k e s n o
K lompok masyaraka t kela sbawah kesultian untuk mengakse s g n it n e p a y n s u r a h e s g n a y g n a r o t a u b m e m h a l e t e il ri a F k c ir e d e r F . t u b e s r e t a y a d r e b m u s a ti r e d n e m g n a y h a w a b s a l e k t a k a r a y s a m a y n l a h i tr e p e s ; a ti r e d n e m a y n p u d i h m a l a d r e t s a t a s a l e k t a k a r a y s a m p a k i s t a b i k
1 I R E T P A H C
N O I T C U D O R T N I
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
Status i sa t erm t hat i sapprop irate t o desc irbe socia lsrtait ifcaiton in B iritsh 0
0 2 1 ( y t e i c o s l a v e i d e
m -1500) .tI r eferst osocia lgroupingi ntot henoblitiy ,theclergy d
n
a the commoners .Precedingt he t erm class ,status i s t aken driecltyfromt he Laitn s
u t a t
s meaning ‘standing’ ,‘posiiton’ ,and ‘condiiton’ .However ,according to Gary n
i y a
D Clas ,stheset wo t erm sare r elatedi nitmately,t ha to fclass r eferst o economic i
p u o r
g ngint hes ocials rtait ifcaiton( 2001 :9 .)
l a v e i d e
M societys awpeoplei nt erm soft herif uncitons andduite ,sr athert han a
e h t f o s s e n e t a ir p o r p p a e h t s n e h t g n e rt s t I .s e it il a u q r i e h t d n a g n i e b r i e h
t ppilcaitono f
’ s u t a t s ‘ m r e t e h
t tha ti t wa sacquried through ilneage ,blood ; and i t refer s to t
o n s a w t I . y t e i c o s l a v e i d e m e h t f o y c a r c o t s ir
a oft hequaltiya sa humanbeingwhich s
a
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( .s e it u d l a rt s e c n
a Day ,2001 :28) n
I Brtiain :Yesterday and Today ,1830 to the Present, Watle rL .Arnstein e m it g i b a e d a m d a h e i s i o e g r u o b e h t f o e s ir e h t , 0 0 5 1 r e tf a r e t a l t a h t d e n i a l p x e
t n a n i m o d e h t f o y a l p s i d e h t h g u o r h t , m s il a ti p a c o t m s il a d u e f m o r f n o it i s n a rt
e c n a r a e p p
a o feffor tove rabi trh-basedsocia lposi iton.I twast hentha tthet ermclas s d e s a b y t e i c o s e h t f o n o it a c if it a rt s a o t s r e f e r h c i h w , y t e i c o s e h t t u o h g u o r h t n w o n k s a w
g u o r h
t h ifnancia lapproach .Thus ,Victo iran society in the 19th century can be
o n e h t f o s n i a m e r e h t t u b , y t e i c o s s s a l c s a d e r e d i s n o
c blitiy stli lexisted in the era (1966 :69- )7 . 6
B , n i e t s n r A o t g n i d r o c c
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h
t growing condiiton o fthe indust ira ldevelopmen tin the mid-Victo iran era .I ti s s
n o it a n l l a f o y rt s u d n I f o s k r o W e h t f o n o it i b i h x E t a e r G e h t y b d e tr a t
s which took
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p i n 1851 .In 1856 ,Henry Besseme rannounced t he developmen to f e
c o r p t s ri f e h
t s so fmaking stee linexpensively .I tthen conitnued by the boom in n I . e d a rt f o n o i s n a p x e n a h ti w d n a h n i d n a h t n e w s e ir t s u d n i g n i p p i h s d n a g n i d li u b p i h s
d e s a e r c n i d a h s tr o p x e h s it ir B f o e u l a v t e k r a m e h t , 2 4 8 1 m o r f s r a e y 5 2 y l n
o yb 282% .
t e r a e s o h t f o l l
A heevidences tha tdu irng t heVicto iran era t he clas ssrtuggle was i n n i a tr e c s a o t f o o r p e h t s i ti d n a , y lt n e d n e p e d n i g n i w o r g y l s u o u n it n o c l li t s d n a n o i s n e t
o s l a s a w e r e h T . y t e i c o s s s a l c a s i y t e i c o s n a ir o t c i V t a h t s i s e h t s i h t f o r e ti r w e h t
o r p l a r u tl u c ir g
a spertiy ,buti tshouldno tbeexclusivelyaddedas t heclas sprospertiy . e
u rt s i
tI thatt helandgaveanEngilshmans ocials tatus ,bu tti sifnancia lvaluel ayl es s
d n a l e h t f o r e n w o e h T . e r u tl u c ir g a n
i w ho were the a irstocrats ,were gaining ti
r e p s o r
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V (Arnstein ,1966 :69- )7 . 6 e
ti h W n i n a m o W e h
T wa sw irttenbyWlikieColiln swhowa sborn i nLondon 8
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w he becam e an educated person a tHighbury a tthe age o f
e h , e v l e w
t wrote hi smemoire so fthe place he had vistied which became hi sfris t n e h t e H . n o d n o L n i e s u o h e r a w a e t a n i k r e l c a s a g n i k r o w e li h w l e v o n l a c ir o t s i h
d lr o w e h t n i p u d e v o
m a tferbeing called upon byt he Bar i n Lincoln’ sInn i n 1851 , e
h t s a w k r o w t x e n s i H . g n o l a l l a t i d e n il c e d t u
b Memoir so fthe lfie o fWliilam .
A . R , s n il l o
C ,whichwa sw irttenmeanwhlie a tfe rhis f athe rdied ,andwa spubilshed n
i the f ollowing year ( Colilns ,1903 :9) .Throughout t heyear sa tfe ,rhet hen acitvely n
e k c i D s e lr a h C y b d e i n a p m o c c a s k r o w e m o s ; s k r o w s i h f o l l a g n it ir
w si nt henameo f
. fl e s ti e r u t a r e ti l d n a p i h s d n e ir f s s e l d n e
e ti h W n i n a m o W e h
T i sW likie Colilns ’ninth work o fprose ,pubilshed in s
a d e z il a r e n e g d n a 0 6 8
1 adetecitve nove la swel la sgivent hegenresuspense byt he y
t e i c o
s readi ng ti . tI i sa storyo fa mansrtuggilng f o rhis l ove ,a woman st irvingf o r
e l p o e p d e v o l e b r e h g n i y n a p m o c c a y ll u f h ti a f r e t s i s a s a l l e w s a d n e ir f a d n a , e fi l r e h
e t a n u tr o f n U . y o j d n a s s e n d a s h g u o r h
t ly ,Frede irckFariilea sthecharacte ranalyzedi n s
i s e h t s i h
t andobjec to fsait irca lcharacte irzaitonoft heautho roft henoveli sno tone
o h w r e t c a r a h c a s i . q s E , e il ri a F k c ir e d e r F . e v o b a d e b ir c s e d y lf e ir b s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o
s i e H . t s i n o g a t o r p d n a t s i n o g a t n a h t o b s a l e v o n e h t n i d e c a l p e b n a
c notr eallyr elated
o
t the law-based confilc tin the story ,bu the i ssigni ifcant to the statu sand clas s
m e l b o r p d e t a l e
r in the story .Fredeirck Fariile ,Esqurie ,the name remind u so f the r
a l u p o p e lt it a s i e ri u q s E . a r e l a v e i d e m e h t n i r a l u p o p s a w h c i h w s u t a t
s l y given to
g i n k a w o l e b t s u j y ti li b o
. y t e i c o s e h t n i e c a l p a s a h l li t s , e ri u q s E s a k n a r e m a s e h t h ti w d e ll if y t e i c o s s u t a t s
. q s E , e il ri a F k c ir e d e r
F w as a specia lcharacte rcreated by the autho rto display the , a r e n a ir o t c i V n i y t e i c o s s s a l c a n i s u t a t s h g i h a h ti w n a m h s il g n E e r u p e h t f o e li f o r p
n a m e lt n e g r e h t o e h t m o r f t r a p
a - trs -o o fcharacters i n t he story ilke Coun tFosco who s
a
w af oreigngenltemanandPerciva lGlydewhoheldt he itlte‘Sri ’no tbynature ,bu t h
g u o r h
t lilega ls - .et up In t hi snovel ,Frede irck Fariile also demonsrtatedtheway so f
h t g n i d a r g e d s a d e d r a g e r e r e w h c i h w y t e i c o s s s a l c r e p p u n a f o g n i v
il e characte irsitc s
, n a m e l b o n a f
o a manwith anobler ank ,whichwa ssupposedt o behonored byt hei r s
n o it c a e l b o
n , throughhisi gnoblecharacte irsitcs;t hereforehedegradedt hes ubstance
n a m e lt n e g a g n i e b f
o .Fort hisr eason,t hewrtie roft he t hesi schoose sThe Woman i n e
ti h
W ,as t he objec to fthe study and Frede irck Fariile as t he m ain character which s
i h t n i d e z y l a n a e b d l u o
w study.
.
B ProblemFormula iton
e z y l a n a o
T t he c iritcism on Victo iran uppe rclass ’atttiude stowards socia l
n o it a c if it a rt
s ,t heproblem saref ormulatedands o tredasf ollows: .
1 Howi sFrede irckFariilecharacteirzed? .
2 Howarethe uppe rclas ssociety’ satt tiudestowards socia lsrtait ifcaiton ni the
a r e n a ir o t c i
.
3 Wha ti st he ciritcism on the uppe rclas ssociety’ satttiude stowards socia l
n i n o it a c if it a rt
s the Victo iran era a s revealed through Frede irck Fariile’ s ?
n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c
.
C TheObjec itve soft heStudy
t u o g n ir b o t s i y d u t s s i h t f o e v it c e j b o e h
T the c iritcism on uppe rclass ’ d
r a w o t s e d u ti tt
a s socia lsrtait ifcaiton inVicto iran era throught he characte irzaiton o f
, l e v o n s i h n i h ti w m o r f e il ri a F k c ir e d e r
F The Woman in Whtie .To achieve the r
e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t f o e v it c e j b
o wli lfrislty rt y to analyze the characte irzaiton o f tt
a e h t h ti w n o o g n e h t , e il ri a F k c ir e d e r
F emp tto ifnd ou thow he represented the
y t e i c o s s s a l c r e p p
u .Theobjecitveof t hestudyi st o becompleted bydiscove irng t he m
s i c it ir
c o ent h uppe rclass ’atttiudest owards thesocia ls rtait ifcaitoninVicto iranera .l
e v o n s i h n i h ti w e il ri a F k c ir e d e r F f o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c e h t n i d e li e v
.
D De ifni itono fTerms
.
1 Cri itcism
m a r b A . H . M o t g n i d r o c c
A s in hi sGlossary o fLtierary Terms 9th Edi iton , ,
m s i c it ir
c o rmore speci ifcally ltierary c iritcism ,i sthe term in genera lf or studie s s
n r e c n o
c wtih de ifning ,classfiying ,analyzing,i nterpreitng ,and evaluaitng work so f
.) 1 6 : 9 0 0 2 ( e r u t a r e ti
.
2 Socia lStra it ifca iton o t g n i d r o c c
A Dicitonary o f Sociology and Related Sciences , socia l n
o it a c if it a rt
s mean sthe arrangemen to fsocieta lelement sinto group son dfiferen t t
s i tI . s l e v e l l a t n o z ir o
h he estabilshmen to fstatu sont erm so fvaryingsupe irortiyand y
ti r o ir e f n
i (Farichlid ,1970 :293).
.
3 Characteriza iton s
i h n
I A Glossary o fLtierary Term s(Ninth Ediiton) ,M .H .Abram sde ifne s o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e v it c n it s i d e h t g n i h s il b a t s e r o f d o h t e m a s a ’ n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c
‘ n
k r o w y r a r e ti l a n i s r e t c a r a h
7 I I R E T P A H C
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies
e z y l a n a r e ti r w e h t ,s i s e h t s i h t n
I s one o fWlikie Colilns ’novels ,The Woman e
ti h W n
i .Thi spar tcontainst he r elatedstudiest ha tdea lwtih Colilns ’The Woman i n e
ti h
W .To enirch t he wrtier’ sknowledge i n understanding t he novel ,several studies
e r
a presentedbelow. o t g n i d r o c c
A www.wlikie-colilnsi.nfo ,the itlteoft henove lbecamet he l‘abel ’
e t a l e h t n i d e c u d o r p s e it i d o m m o c y n a m r o
f fo 1860 ,such a s“Woman in Whtie” , s e ti s i u q e r t e li o t f o s r e n n a m l l a d n a s e m u f r e p ” e ti h W n i n a m o W “ , s t e n n o b d n a s k a o l c
” e ti h W n i n a m o W
“ Watlze sand Quad irlles .Again ,Edward Ftizgerald alsonamed a
c a r a h c n a m o w d e n i m r e t e d a , e b m o c l a H n a ir a M r e tf a t a o b g n il i a
s teri nt henovel .The
f o y ti r a l u p o
p The Woman in Whtie i sno doub ta credi tfo rWlikie Colilns ,a sthe l
e v o
n wa sregardedast hef ris tSensaitonNove.l
y r o t s e h
T i n the novel i sbased on condi itondu irng t he nineteenth century o f l
a g e ll i f o , a r e n a ir o t c i
V seizureandunlawfuli mp irsonment .Thet hemeoft henoveli s s
b u s t u o b
a ittuted identtiy and the misuse o flunaitc asylum .The seizure o fLady
d e t c u d n o c s i , e d y l G l a v i c r e P h ti w e g a ir r a m r e h r e tf a d e m a n , e il ri a F a r u a L r o e d y l G
d n a b s u h n w o s i h y
b discreeltyin orde rto claim a cetrain amounto fmoneyi nhertied l a v i c r e P g n i n n u c e h t y b o s l a , k c ir e h t a C e n n A f o t n e m n o s ir p m i e h T . y d a l e h t y b
n i , e d y l
a L n e e w t e b y ti t n e d i g n it u ti t s b u s e h t n
i ura Fariile and Anne Cathe irck ,a sa perk o f
c it n e d
i a lappearance .Overal,l t he story end sby t he reunion of t he t wo l over sLaura r
e tl a W d n a e il ri a
F Hatr irght ,andt her eclaimingofgoodcleannamef orLauraFariile
. w a l l a g e l d n a e c it s u j f o e m a n e h t n i
a l u W i n ir
A nda ir ,in The Portraya lo fVictorian Uppe rClas sSociety a s ’
s e m a J y r n e H n i s r e t c a r a h C e h t h g u o r h t d e l a e v e
R sDaisy Miller ,which i she r
y a rt r o p , s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n
u e d the uppe rclas ssociety ni Victo iran era t hrough t he d
i a s e h S . s r e t c a r a h
c t hat the manne rand behavio rof t he objecitve character sof t he y
t e i c o s n a e p o r u E r e p p u f o e r u tl u c e h t y b d e c n e u lf n i e r a s i s e h
t (2008 :x .)
, s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u r e h n
I ASaitreonSocia lClas sandGenderi nVicto iran r
e t c a r a h C n i a M e h t h g u o r h t d e t c e lf e R y t e i c o
S s i n J .M .Barrie’ sThe Twelve-Pound
k o o
L ,Na ir sEka Setyawait descirbed the sait irca lview o fthe autho rtowards the
l c l a i c o s l a e d i s ti h ti w n o it a l e r n i y t e i c o s n a ir o t c i
V as sandgender .Bar iresait irzed the w
e i v f o t n i o p , n o it i b m a ’ s s a l c r e p p
u o n human value ,and bad rteatmen ttowards the .)
x i : 9 0 0 2 ( s s a l c r e w o l
d e y a rt r o p i r a d n a l u W i n ir A e li h
W theupperclas ssocietyo fVicto iranera and d
e b ir c s e d i t a w a y t e S a k E s ir a
N thesait irca lview t owards the uppe rclas ssociety, the t
s i s i s e h t t n e r r u c e h t f o r e ti r
w rying to analyze the uppe rclass group in the clas s
y t e i c o
s in the 91 th du irng the Victo iran era in orde rto revea lthe c iritcism no et h s
s a l c r e p p
u ’ atttiude s towards socia l srtait ifcaiton in Victo iran era . So , thi s t
n e r e f fi d h c u m e b l li w s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n
.
B Reviewo fRelatedTheories
.
1 TheoryonCharacter da n Characterizaiton
n
I AGlossaryo fLtieraryTerms( NinthEdiiton) ,M .H .Abram sdesc irbed:
d e t n e s e r p e r s n o s r e p e h t e r a s r e t c a r a h
C in a dramaitc o rnarraitve work , o
h
w are interpreted by the reade r a s possessing paritcula r moral , s n o s r e p e h t t a h w m o r f s e c n e r e f n i y b s e it il a u q l a n o it o m e d n a , l a u t c e ll e t n i
ti g n i y a s f o s y a w e v it c n it s i d r i e h t d n a y a
s —the dialogue—and from
o d y e h t t a h
w — et h aciton .(2009 :4 2)
d e n if e d o s l a k o o b e h
T characte irzaiton a sa method fo restabilshing the s
c it s ir e t c a r a h c e v it c n it s i
d oncharacter sinaltierarywork .Themethodi sdividedi nto ,
s t n e m h s il b a t s e f o s d n i k o w
t namely yb showingandt el ilng .The showingmethod si
h t u a e h t n e h
w o rlet sthe character sdesc irbe themselve sthrough thei ract sand e
h t e li h W . s r o i v a h e
b telilng method i s when the creato r o f the ltierary work g
n i n e v r e t n i y l e v it a ti r o h t u
a in order t o desc irbe ye to tfen t o evaluatet he moitve sand
e h
t persona lquailite sof t he characters (2009 :42) .Providenlty, t he characte irzaiton n
i t n e m h s il b a t s e s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t n i d e s u d o h t e
m The Woman in Whtie i sthe
g n i w o h
s method.
.l e v o n a n i s t n e m e l e t n a tr o p m i e h t f o e n o s i r e t c a r a h
C According to M .J .
p r u
M h y,a reade ri sto regard a characte ra sone of t he human being i n real l fie ,so e
w t a h
t areablet ogett o knowcharacters i nanove lilkehowwe get t oknowpeople
e fi l l a e r e h t n
i .Togather t hei nformaitonof t heperson wewantt o knowabout f rom w
e h
t ayheors hedresses ,walk ,sl ooks ,gestures ,ands oon .Thi sknowledgei susefu l s
u r o
o t e l b a d n a t s r e d n u r e t c a r a h c a e k a m o t d e d i v o r p , r o h t u a e h t y b , s t n i o p y e
k and come
r o f e v il
a ther eaders(1972 :1 – 61 173): .
a Charactera sSeenbyAnother
d e t c e lf e r e h t m o r f r e t c a r a h c e h t f o e g d e l w o n k e h t b r o s b a n a c r e d a e r e h t , e r e H
.l e v o n t n e r r u c e h t n i , e s r u o c f o , r e t c a r a h c r e h t o n a y b n e v i g e g a m i .
b Speech
e g d e l w o n k e h t o t e u l c
A o face traincharacte rcanbede irved f romwheneve r s n o i n i p o g n it a t s d n a , r e h t o n a h ti w n o it a s r e v n o c a g n i v a h , s k a e p s r e t c a r a h c e h t
. g n i h t e m o s n o
.
c Conversa itono fOthers
d i a s s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o e h t s g n i h t e h t h g u o r h t d e b ir c s e d e b n a c r e t c a r a h c A
m i h t u o b
a / , her fo rexamplewhent heothe rcharacte rconverse swtihothers.
.
d Reac itons
Ther eacitono facharactert owards ace trains tiuaitonors tatemen tcangive su e
u l
c s abou this/herpersonailites.
.
e Thoughts
l l e t o t e l b a s i e H . l e v o n s i h n i d o G a e k il s i r o h t u a e h
T the reade rwhat t he
a e r e h t s y a w e h t f o e n o s i s i h t d n a , g n i k n i h t s i r e t c a r a h
c der i sable t o read a
.f Mannerisms
n i a l p x e o t r o h t u a n a r o f l a i c if e n e b s i s i h T . n o s r e p a e b ir c s e d y a m t i b a h A
.s r e d a e r e h t o t r e t c a r a h c a t u o b a
.
2 TheoryonStatu sandClas sStra it ifcaiton
n it a l e h
T statusmeaning‘ standing ,’‘ posiiton’ ,or ‘ condiiton’ (Day ,2001 :9 .) p
u o r g s u t a t
S i sanexclusivesocietywtiht hei rsrtongsenseo fmembershipast okeep
r e b e W ( m u m i n i m a o t p u o r g r e h t o e h t h ti w t c a t n o c e h
t ,1948 : 119 ) .The marking o f
s s e n e v i s u l c x e e h
t i sno tonly expresse d through the p irvliege o fwea irng specia l s
s e r p x e e b o t o s l a t u b , s e h s i d l a i c e p s g n it a e , e m u t s o
c e d through acitviite sand
i t a h t , e r u tl u c o t r a li m i s e r o m t i g n i k a m , s e d u ti tt
a tcreate s ti sown value sdfiferent n
o it a it n e r e f fi d s tI . s p u o r g r e h t o m o r
f si basedons ocia lvalue. o
t g n i d r o c c
A Gary Day the word ‘class ’i sde ifned to refe rto division sin
) 2 : 1 0 0 2 ( y t e i c o
s .I nClass ,Daymenitonedt hatt heappearanceof t heword‘ class’i n d
i m e h
t -seventeenth centurywa sassociatedt o f undamenta lchanges i neconomyand it
a l e r l a i c o s n o p u t c e f f e r i e h
t on (2001: 6) .The foundaiton o fthi ssrtait ifcaiton i s
. y m o n o c
e Since1830,t heclassi sdividedi ntouppe rclass ,middleclass, andworking .s
s a l c
l g n E n i s m r e t s
A ish , statu s and clas s are closely related , bu tthey are
e r p s u t a t s s A . s t c e p s a l a t n e m a d n u f y b d e t a it n e r e f fi
d -date sclass ,ti i sde ifnedi nt erm s n
o it a it n e r e f fi d s u t a t s e h t e r a h s t a h t s p u o r G . s n o it c a l a n u m m o c f
o have the same
p i h s r e b m e m p u o r g f o e s n e s r i e h t d n a e fi l f o e l y t s , s e u l a
c y e h t s a l a m i n i m s a s p u o r g s u t a t s r e h t o h c a e o t t c a t n o c e h t p e e k y e h
t an (Weber ,
: 8 4 9
1 181) .But ,clas sgroup i sde ifnedbyt he dfiferenceo fa person’ sablitiytoearn l
a u q h g i h e s a h c r u p o t , e m o c n i h g i
h tiy goods ,and to enjoy highe rpersona llfie
e c n e ir e p x
e than the othe rclass .In thi slogic ,clas sstiuaiton i smarke tstiuaiton :
8 4 9 1 , r e b e W
( 182) .In Victo iran era ,which i sbased on clas ssociety ,the group i
h
w chh eadt h highf amliy ilne suchast henoblitiywa sconsidered a stheuppe rclas s
e h t n i d e t s i s n o c t u b , y t e i c o s s u t a t s h g i h e h t f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t e v a h y e h T . y t e i c o s
s s a l
c -baseds ociety,s otheyhavet oadap tt otheclasss rtait ifcaitons ystem. .
3 Theory onSymboilcBoundary
h
T i stheory i s to be appiled in chapter fou r o fthi s thesis to ease the n
o it a r o b a l
e of t heanalysis .Theboundaryi smade t odfiferenitateonet hing from the r
e h t
o s .In t he matte ro fsocia lconcepts ,a boundary i smade between and/o ramong
i c o
s a lgroup sfo ra ce train purpose ,tha tis, monopoly o fresource .s Somehow, the . d e z il a n o it u ti t s n i y ll a i c if it r a e r a y r a d n u o b l a i c o s e h t y b d e t a e r c s e c n e r e f fi d l a i c o
s Thi s
a d e ll a c s i y r a d n u o b f o d n i
k symboilc boundary (Lamont ,2002 :168) . eT h recen t
e h t y b e d a m s e ir a d n u o b l a i c o s e h t t a h t d n u o f t n o m a L y b y d u t
s symboilcboundary are
l a ir e t a m ( s e c r u o s e r f o n o it u b ir t s i d l a u q e n u d n a o t s s e c c a l a u q e n u e h t n i d e t s e fi n a m
n o n d n
a -mate iral )and socia loppo truniites .Fo rexample,t he manfiestaiton i s i n t he
o
f rmo fconnubialtiyandcommensaltiy. d n a y r a d n u o b l a i c o s e t a it n e r e f fi d o
T symboilc boundary ,Lamon tstated in s
e c n e i c S l a i c o S e h t n i s e i r a d n u o B l a i c o S f o y d u t S e h
y r a d n u o
b i sa necessary bu tsuf ifcien tcondiiton fo rsocia lboundary t o exist. Socia l
o m e d y b y t e i c o s s s a l c r e p p u e h t y b d e d n a m e d t c e f f e e h t s i y r a d n u o
b nsrtaitng the
y r a d n u o b c il o b m y
s (2002 :169).
, t n o m a
L a s an illusrtaiton , explained the relaitonship between symboilc y
r a d n u o
b and socia lboundary t hrough et h exampleof classi nequaltiy r eproduced i n f o e r u tl u c e h t o t y ti r a il i m a f s ’ y t e i c o s e h t f o e s u a c e B . s s e c o r p l a n o it a c u d e e h t
d r a w o t t c e f f e e v it a g e n e v a g y t e i c o s e h t n i s s e c o r p l a n o it a c u d e e h t ,s s a l c t n a n i m o
d s
r e w o
l - scla sstudent .Thi snegaitve effect wa scaused by the symboilc dfiference s t a h t s e c r u o s e r l a n o it a c u d e e h t o t s s e c c a y s a e s ’t n e d u t s s s a l c r e h g i h e h t n i d e t s e fi n a m
e d i w , y r a l u b a c o v e v i s n e t x e g n i v a h r i e h t n i d e tl u s e
r -ranging cutlura lreferences ,and o
h c s e h t y b d e u l a v e r a h c i h w e r u tl u c h g i h f o d n a m m o
c o lsystem .Whlie the uppe r
e h t , m e t s y s l a n o it a c u d e e h t o t s s e c c a y s a e d n a d a o r b s i h t d e ri u q c a s t n e d u t s s s a l c
s t n e d u t s s s a l c r e w o
l , sa theywereno tawareoft hehideou scutlureo fdominan tclass , d
e r e f f u
s thesefl-blaming behaviorf or theri f aliurewhichl ed themt ogiving pu from s
s e l r o e r o m d n a n o it u ti t s n i l a n o it a c u d
e classi ifed them to the lowe r presitge
l a n o it a c u d
e rtack .s The symboilc boundary i smarked by the dfiferen tamoun to f e
h t f o n e e w t e b s e c r u o s e r l a n o it a c u d e e h t o t s s e c c
a uppe rclas sstuden tand o fthe .
t n e d u t s s s a l c r e w o
l T he socia l boundary i s marked by the dfiferen t leve l o f
e d u t s s s a l c r e p p u e h t n e e w t e b d e ri u q c a e b n a c t a h t e g it s e r p l a n o it a c u d
e n tand the
t n e d u t s s s a l c r e w o
n o r e s s a P d n a u e i d r u o
B also added tha tthe dominan tgroup succeeded in
r e w o p e h t g n il a e c n o c h g u o r h t s e s s a l c r e w o l e h t o t r o ir e p u s s a s y a w r i e h t g n i z i m it i g e l
y t e i c o s s s a l c r e p p u e h T . ) 4 : 7 7 9 1 ( e c r o f s ti f o s i s a b e h t e r a t a h t s n o it a l e
r i saware o f
s
ti access t o t he mate ira land/o rnon-mate iral r esource sand monopoilzing tii norde r e
h t o t r o ir e p u s e b o
t lowe r clas ssociety and maintaining thi sp irvliege to be a s i s i h t t a h w e m o s e s u a c e b , s s a l c r e w o l r e h t o e h t y b d e h c u o t n u t s a e l t a r o d e l a e v e r n u
i n o it i s o p r i e h t o t ti f e n e b a f o d n i
k nt hes ociety.
t n o m a
L a lso stated that t hi ssymboilc boundary proces scanno tbe separated . s p u o r g r e ll a m s n i y t e i c o s e z ir o g e t a c o t s m i a t a h t n o it a it n e r e f fi d f o s s e c o r p e h t m o r f
( y ti t n e d i e v it c e ll o c d e ll a c s i n o it a it n e r e f fi d f o s s e c o r p s i h
T 2002 :170) .Anothe rbasi s
t u o n a r e v o y ti r o ir e p u s e v e i h c a o t s i y ti t n e d i e v it c e ll o c f
o -group society (Tafje l&
r e n r u
T ,1985 :1 – 76 1 ) .Thu ,sf o rce traingroupwtihcetrainbene if tundert hei rposiiton
a t n i a m e b d l u o h s s s e c o r p n o it a it n e r e f fi d f o d n i k s i h t , y t e i c o s e h t n
i ined t ot he f ulles t
e z il i b a t s o t r e d r o n
i theris tandingsi nt hes ociety,f o rexample, throughmar irage.
.
C ReviewonVictorianEraandI t sUpperClass
r e tt e b a e v a h o
T understandingoft heuppe rclas ssocietyi nVicto iranera,t hi s d
i v o r p s i s e h t e h t f o t r a
p es a b ire fdesc irpiton abou tsocia lbackground o fVicto iran
f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u e h t d n a a r
e theatttiude so fVicto iranuppe rclas stowards thesocia l n
o it a c if it a rt
s .Thei nformaitongiveni nt hef ris tpar ti saboutt hesocia lbackgroundo f ,
a r e n a ir o t c i
e h t , n e h
T secondpar ti s aboutt he uppe rclass ’genera lcharacte irsitc ,st hei ratttiude s
s d r a w o
t lowe rclass ,and thei rway so f ilving a s the re lfeciton , o ra s a mere e
h t f o , n o it a c il p p
a i ratttiude stowardsthel owe rclas .s
.
1 TheSocia lBackgroundo fVictorianEra
d i v a D g n i g d e l w o n k c
A Cannadine’ sstatemen twhich s aid a sfollows ,“I twa s e m it d n a , t n e s e r p i n m o , l a r u t a n e h t e l p o e p y n a m r o f d e n i a m e r h c i h w y h c r a r e i
h
-n o it c n a s y l e n i v i d d n a d e r u o n o
h ed way o fseeing B iritsh society and understanding t
a h t d e n i a l p x e y a D y r a G , ” ti n i h ti w e c a l p r i e h
t i tdoe snotf tit osayt ha taclass-based s
y t e i c o s f o w e i
v upersededt hef euda lviewo fti ( inDay ,2001 :115-116).
o f e b a r e e h t f o n o i s i v i d l a i c o s c i s a b e h
T re the clas ssociety i ssitll between ‘
e lt n e g ‘ e r a o h w e s o h
t and those who are ‘common’ .According to Henry Fielding 7
0 7 1
( -54)i nhi srtue-storybasednove lJonathanWlid ,peoplei nt hel ando fBrtiaini s
n o i s i v i d o w t r e d n u d e d i v i
d s ,those who use thei rhand sand those tha temploy the f o s s e n e r a w a g n i w o r g a t a h t g n i k n i h t a s e t a e r c t n e m e t a t s s i h t d n a , s r e h t o f o s d n a h
e h t s e t a r e n e g y l w o l s t I . a r e e h t f o n a m e h t f o d n i m e h t n i d e r u t p l u c s y l e r e m s i s s a l c
e v e d e h t h ti w g n o l a , y t e i c o s e h t n i s s a l c f o n o it p e c n o
c lopmen tof t hei ndusrtyi n t he )
2 1 : 3 4 7 1 ( . d n a l
n i e n i d a n n a C d i v a D o t g n i d r o c c
A Classi n Brtiain, thereare alsopeople who
, s r e d r o r e p p u e h t n e e w t e b s i n o i s i v i d e h t , e ti tr a p ir t f o s m r e t n i k n i h t y li r a r o p m e t n o c
. t s e r e h t d n a , s k n a r e l d d i m e h
s i s i h t d n a , s r e r u o b a l d n
